TY - BOOK TI - Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance AU - Elstub, Stephen AU - Escobar, Oliver AB - Democratic innovations are proliferating in politics, governance, policy, and public administration. These new processes of public participation are reimagining the relationship between citizens and institutions. This Handbook advances understanding of democratic innovations, in theory and practice, by critically reviewing their importance throughout the world. The overarching themes are a focus on citizens and their relationship to these innovations, and the resulting effects on political equality. The Handbook therefore offers a definitive overview of existing research on democratic innovations, while also setting the agenda for future research and practice. DA - 2019/12/27/ PY - 2019 DP - Google Books SP - 621 LA - en PB - Edward Elgar Publishing SN - 978-1-78643-386-2 KW - Democracy KW - Public Affairs & Administration ER - TY - BLOG TI - From purposeful to meaningful adaptive programming: how about adaptive operations? AU - Nixon, Nicola T2 - Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre AB - Embracing adaptive programming approaches but sticking with rigid, traditional systems-based operations? It's time to take a long hard look at all the boring stuff, says Nicola Nixon. DA - 2019/12/01/T22:35:17+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - en-US ST - From purposeful to meaningful adaptive programming UR - https://devpolicy.org/from-purposeful-to-meaningful-adaptive-programming-how-about-adaptive-operations-20191202/ Y2 - 2020/02/14/12:32:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Supporting adaptive management. Monitoring and evaluation tools and approaches AU - Pasanen, Tiina AU - Barnett, Inka AB - Key messages • This working paper introduces a set of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) tools and approaches, discussing their potential usefulness in supporting adaptive management in development and humanitarian programmes. It emphasises adaptive programmes characterised by complex aspects, such as: (1) they are innovative; (2) they have uncertain pathways for change; or (3) they operate in uncertain or unstable environments. • The majority of these tools have been used in international development for many years. However, adaptive management brings additional challenges for monitoring and evaluating programmes, as they require intentional M&E design from the start that is oriented towards both learning and accountability. • All of the tools and approaches introduced in this paper have potential to support learning and adaptation, although in various ways and at different stages of a programme. Some tools can support strategic planning and diagnosing throughout a programme – especially during design and inception – while others can help analyse causal relationships at specific points in a programme. It is important to tailor the approach used for its intended purpose. However, whether learning and adaptation happens depends also on factors other than the choice of M&E methods. • For some of these approaches a considerable body of evidence already exists but, for many, more practical examples and systematic analysis is needed. In addition to building the evidence base concerned with which approaches are suitable for different types of adaptive programmes and why, it is also important to improve understanding of the enabling environmental conditions necessary for the tools and approaches outlined here to facilitate and strengthen evaluative thinking, evidence-informed decision-making and ongoing programme iteration. CY - London DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en M3 - Working Paper PB - ODI SN - 569 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What are the Simple Rules that guide our Strategies? AU - Green, Duncan T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - A management treatise on 'simplre rules' for companies facing unpredictable situations could provide useful guidance to aid organizations DA - 2019/11/21/T07:00:41+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - en-GB UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/what-are-the-simple-rules-that-guide-our-strategies/ Y2 - 2020/10/01/10:27:20 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Applying Power Analysis: Using the ‘Powercube’ to explore forms, levels and spaces AU - Gaventa, John T2 - Power, Empowerment and Social Change A2 - McGee, Rosie A2 - Pettit, Jethro AB - In a complex, globalised and rapidly changing world, power dynamics are multidimensional, constantly evolving, and full of complexity. The ‘powercube’ (Gaventa, 2006) is an approach to power analysis which can be used to examine the multiple forms, levels and spaces of power, and their interactions. Building on earlier work on power, and elaborated and popularised in collaboration with other colleagues through the web site powercube.net and numerous other resources, the powercube has been widely used around the world for analysis of power, education and awareness building, context analysis, programme and strategy development, and monitoring and evaluation. This article briefly outlines the evolution of the powercube, and provides examples of the issue areas in which it has been used, and for what purposes. Drawing on these, we then offer eight lessons of how to apply the powercube framework for analysing and transforming power relations. CY - London ; New York DA - 2019/11/08/ PY - 2019 LA - Inglés SN - 978-1-138-57531-8 UR - https://www.routledge.com/Power-Empowerment-and-Social-Change-1st-Edition/McGee-Pettit/p/book/9781138575318 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Power, Empowerment and Social Change A3 - McGee, Rosemary A3 - Pettit, Jethro AB - This book uncovers how power operates around the world, and how it can be resisted or transformed through empowered collective action and social leadership. The stakes have never been higher. Recent years have seen a rapid escalation of inequalities, the rise of new global powers and corporate interests, increasing impunity of human rights violations, suppression of civil society, and a re-shaping of democratic processes by post-truth, populist and nationalist politics. Rather than looking at power through the lenses of agency or structure alone, this book views power and empowerment as complex and multidimensional societal processes, defined by pervasive social norms, conditions, constraints and opportunities. Bridging theory and practice, the book explores real-world applications using a selection of frameworks, tools, case studies, examples, resources and reflections from experience to support actors to analyse their positioning and align themselves with progressive social forces. Compiled with social change practitioners, students and scholars in mind, Power, Empowerment and Social Change is the perfect volume for anyone involved in politics, international development, sociology, human rights and environmental justice who is looking for fresh insights for transforming power in favour of relatively less powerful people. CY - London ; New York DA - 2019/11/08/ PY - 2019 SP - 276 LA - Inglés SN - 978-1-138-57531-8 UR - https://www.routledge.com/Power-Empowerment-and-Social-Change-1st-Edition/McGee-Pettit/p/book/9781138575318 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Towards evidence-informed adaptive management AU - Hernandez, Kevin AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Wild, Leni T2 - Working Paper AB - Development and humanitarian organisations seeking to be adaptive have emphasised the need to be transparent about complexity and uncertainty; to be honest about their inability to control what happens; and to design programmes that change over time to become more appropriate and relevant. At their heart, adaptive management approaches emphasise the ability to lean, 'unlearn' and adapt programming accordingly. The cornerstone of effective learning is the creation, gathering, accumulation, interpretation and use of data and evidence. This working paper provides development professionals with tools, strategies and ideas to help them use evidence for adaptive management in practical and evidence-informed ways. Key messages - Evidence is central to effective and rigorous adaptive management. However, despite this central importance, exactly how evidence has been used to inform decisions for adapting development and humanitarian programmes in the past remains unobservable to many. - There is a need to strengthen and document evidence-informed adaptive management. This working paper proposes a roadmap to do this. - Those seeking to use evidence for adaptive management will need to manage trade-offs between ensuring a rigorous, documented (and auditable) trail of evidence-informed actions, being pragmatic about the time and resources allocated to documentation and recognising that it may be necessary to proceed without rigorous evidence when it is unavailable. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en PB - ODI/GLAM SN - 565 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Scrambling after Moving Targets: Monitoring & Evaluation Applied to Adaptive Management Approaches in Peacebuilding AU - Woodrow, Peter AU - Jean, Isabella T2 - New Directions in Peacebuilding Evaluation A2 - d’Estrée, Tamra Pearson AB - In this landmark collection, the voices of pathMakers and innovators in peacebuilding evaluation are assembled to provide new direction for the field. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019 DP - rowman.com LA - en-us PB - Rowman & Littlefield UR - https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786612458/New-Directions-in-Peacebuilding-Evaluation Y2 - 2022/06/17/13:22:25 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - The good and the ‘not so good’ of our experiences with SenseMaker AU - Mager, Franziska T2 - Oxfam Views & Voices AB - When we purchased a license for the SenseMaker research method in early 2017 (a proprietary data collection and analysis software), the excitement in our more “geeky” teams was palpable. SenseMaker ... Read More DA - 2019/10/29/ PY - 2019 LA - en-GB UR - https://views-voices.oxfam.org.uk/2019/10/the-good-and-the-not-so-good-of-our-experiences-with-sensemaker/ Y2 - 2020/02/06/09:09:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Livelihoods in the Za'atari Camp: Impact evaluation of Oxfam’s Cash for Work activities in the Za’atari camp (Jordan) AU - Lombardini, Simone AU - Mager, Franziska DA - 2019/10/22/ PY - 2019 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - http://hdl.handle.net/10546/620883 ST - Livelihoods in the Za'atari Camp UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10546/620883 Y2 - 2020/02/06/09:09:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Stakeholder and Social Network Analysis - Guidance Note AU - IRC AB - Stakeholder Analysis is used to identify the actors and relationships that influence project outcomes. This guidance, from IRC, can help you determine how to work and who to partner, coordinate or engage with in order to best achieve the outcome. It builds on existing stakeholder information and typically will include a participatory internal meeting or workshop. DA - 2019/10/04/T10:36:29-04:00 PY - 2019 LA - en M3 - Text PB - International Rescue Committee UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/stakeholder-and-social-network-analysis-guidance-note Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:24:36 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theory of change in ten steps AU - Noble, James CY - London DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 28 LA - en PB - NPC ER - TY - RPRT TI - Citizen engagement: emerging digital technologies create new risks and value AU - Peixoto, Tiago AU - Steinberg, Tom AB - The recent rapid evolution of digital technologies has been changing behaviors and expectations in countries around the world. These shifts make it the right time to pose the key question this paper explores: Will digital technologies, both those that are already widespread and those that are still emerging, have substantial impacts on the way citizens engage and the ways through which power is sought, used, or contested? The authors address this question both to mitigate some of the World Bank’s operational risks, and to initiate a conversation with peers about how those risks might require policy shifts. The overall framing question also is being explored in case theapproaches to citizen engagement advocated by the World Bank are changing and may require different advice for client countries. Despite the lower technology penetration levels in developing countries, their more malleable governance contexts may be more influenced by the effects of emerging technologies than older states with greater rigidity. Digitally influencedcitizen engagement is, in short, one of those “leapfrog” areas in which developing nations may exploit technologies before the wealthier parts of the world. But countries can leapfrog to worse futures, not just better ones. This paper explores what technology might mean for engagement, makespredictions, and offers measures for governments to consider. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019 PB - World Bank UR - https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32495 Y2 - 2019/10/14/08:02:58 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Tale of the converted: how complex social problems have made me question the use of data in driving impact AU - Burgoyne, John T2 - Impact of Social Sciences AB - 15 Shares In practice the way in which research impacts and influences policy and society is often thought to be a rational, ordered and linear process. Whilst this might represent a ‘common sense’ understanding of research impact, in this cross-post John Burgoyne reflects on how upending the primacy of data and embracing complexity can lead to a more nuanced and effective understanding of research impact. DA - 2019/09/23/T11:01:49+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - "en-US" ST - Tale of the converted UR - https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2019/09/23/tale-of-the-converted-how-complex-social-problems-have-made-me-question-the-use-of-data-in-driving-impact/ Y2 - 2021/07/30/13:00:18 ER - TY - BLOG TI - ICT4D Blog » A citizen participation ecosystem AU - Peña-López, Ismael T2 - ICTlogy AB - Research on the Information Society, the Digital Divide and Information and Communication Technologies for development DA - 2019/09/18/ PY - 2019 LA - en, net UR - https://ictlogy.net/20190918-a-citizen-participation-ecosystem/ Y2 - 2020/10/15/11:30:04 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Who Owns Poverty? AU - Burt, Martin AB - This is the story of the one question about global poverty we never thought to ask: who owns it? It's a question with an unexpected answer, one that challenges everything that we thought we knew about what poverty is, and what we can do about it. This is a story of a powerful data-driven methodology being used in a dozen countries across 5 continents. It's a new approach that puts poor families in charge of defining and diagnosing their own unique, multidimensional poverty—who by owning the problem, own the solution. This book is for all the governments, development NGOs, charities, dreamers, thinkers, doers and leaders who are frustrated with limiting their aspirations to reducing poverty, or alleviating its effects—and the lack of progress we face in doing either. This is a book about unleashing trapped energy within poor families to do the unthinkable: eliminate global poverty once and for all. DA - 2019/09/01/ PY - 2019 DP - Amazon SP - 256 LA - English PB - Red Press Ltd SN - 978-1-912157-12-9 ER - TY - ELEC TI - The M&E (Monitoring & Evaluation) Universe AU - INTRAC T2 - INTRAC AB - The M&E Universe is a free, online resource developed by INTRAC to support development practitioners involved in monitoring and evaluation (M&E). It consists of a series of short papers (2-6 pages) on different subjects related to M&E. To begin exploring the Universe right away, use the button below. To find out more, read on. DA - 2019/09// PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://www.intrac.org/projects/the-me-universe/ Y2 - 2022/01/28/00:00:00 ER - TY - CONF TI - Decide Madrid: a case study on e-Participation AU - Pina, Vicente AU - Torres, Lourdes AU - Royo, Sonia AU - García-Rayado, Jaime T2 - XX International AECA Congress AB - This paper analyses the award-winning e-participation initiative of the city council of Madrid, Decide Madrid, to discover the critical success factors at contextual, organizational and individual level. This analysis is carried out with desk research and semi-structured interviews. Results show that the most relevant success factors are the socio-economic context, the commitment of the city council, the method used to recruit the workers and the knowledge of senior managers about citizen participation and ICTs. However, the lack of transparency and poor functioning of some of its participation activities are negatively affecting its performance. C1 - Málaga DA - 2019/09// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en ER - TY - JOUR TI - Paradoxes and partnerships: a study of knowledge exploration and exploitation in international development programmes AU - Lannon, John AU - Walsh, John N. T2 - Journal of Knowledge Management AB - Purpose – This paper aims to look at how organisational partnerships balance knowledge exploration and exploitation in contexts that are rife with paradoxes. It draws on paradox theory to examine the partnership’s response to the explore-exploit relationship. DA - 2019/08/28/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1108/JKM-09-2018-0605 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - ahead-of-print IS - ahead-of-print J2 - JKM LA - en SN - 1367-3270, 1367-3270 ST - Paradoxes and partnerships UR - https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JKM-09-2018-0605/full/html Y2 - 2019/09/17/09:41:04 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Are we suffering from obsessive measurement disorder? AU - Pasanen, Tiina T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - ODI’s Tiina Pasanen argues that more data doesn’t necessarily mean we make better decisions, and sets out some ideas for how we count what counts. DA - 2019/08/15/T06:00:36+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - en-GB UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/are-we-suffering-from-obsessive-measurement-disorder/ Y2 - 2020/10/15/11:18:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - LAC MEL Specialists Use Peer Network to Improve Quality and Use of Evidence AU - Anderson, Todd M AU - Prevatt, Amy T2 - CLA Case Competition AB - Based on consultations and stocktakings with LAC Missions, the LAC Bureau identified Mission Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) Specialists as influential decision makers regarding data and evidence use. The LAC Bureau aims to improve the quality and use of evidence for decision making, and ultimately to improve development outcomes. DA - 2019/08/14/T13:48:53-04:00 PY - 2019 LA - en M3 - Text PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/lac-mel-specialists-use-peer-network-improve-quality-and-use-evidence Y2 - 2020/02/14/12:30:08 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Failing Forward: How CARE is focusing on what goes wrong to improve impact AU - Janoch, Emily T2 - 2019 CLA Case Competition AB - CARE's Failing Forward initiative is sparking opportunities to showcase the ideas that don't work so we can spend more time implementing the ones that do. It's changing the conversation inside the organization, and leading to changes in the way we design and implement programs. It's also allowing us to make connections across a global portfolio of more than 900 projects, and with new and different partners to learn from their experience. DA - 2019/08/07/ PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 5 LA - en PB - USAID LEARN UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/resources/failing-forward-how-care-focusing-what-goes-wrong-improve-impact ER - TY - RPRT TI - Failing Forward: How CARE is Focusing on What Goes Wrong to Improve Impact AU - Janoch, Emily T2 - CLA Case Competition AB - CARE's Failing Forward initiative is sparking opportunities to showcase the ideas that don't work so we can spend more time implementing the ones that do. It's changing the conversation inside the organization, and leading to changes in the way we design and implement programs. DA - 2019/08/07/ PY - 2019 LA - en M3 - Text PB - CARE ST - Failing Forward UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/failing-forward-how-care-focusing-what-goes-wrong-improve-impact Y2 - 2020/02/14/12:30:01 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mayne18-Developing Useful ToCs REV3 AU - Mayne, John AB - An update on the previous September 2018 uploaded article DA - 2019/08/04/ PY - 2019 DP - ResearchGate ER - TY - RPRT TI - The COM-B Theory of Change Mode - v.5 AU - Mayne, John AB - ResearchGate is a network dedicated to science and research. Connect, collaborate and discover scientific publications, jobs and conferences. All for free. DA - 2019/08// PY - 2019 LA - en M3 - Working Paper PB - Palladium UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335404381_The_COMB_ToC_ModelV5 Y2 - 2020/01/15/15:41:50 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What’s Next for Design Thinking AU - Cone, Taylor T2 - Medium AB - Thoughts on the future of creative problem-solving from across the industry DA - 2019/07/10/T17:45:15.214Z PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://modus.medium.com/whats-next-for-design-thinking-d44bebbb7649 Y2 - 2019/08/12/21:06:17 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Calibrating adaptive programming across multi-country, multi-partner programs AU - Gray, Stephen AU - Carl, Andy T2 - Adapt Peacebuilding AB - This past week Andy Carl and I joined the international NGO Christian Aid Ireland team in Dublin to reflect on progress in a key feature of their work - adaptive programming. This post presents what Andy Carl and I learned in reflecting this week with the international NGO Christian Aid Ireland r DA - 2019/07/08/ PY - 2019 LA - en-US UR - https://adaptpeacebuilding.org/blog/calibrating-adaptive-programming-across-multi-country-multi-partner-programs Y2 - 2019/08/08/23:39:38 ER - TY - BLOG TI - VCoL in action: How to use micro-VCoLs to learn optimally on the fly AU - Dawson, Theo T2 - Medium AB - VCoL (the virtuous cycle of learning), is designed to optimize learning while leveraging human´s natural motivational system. It’s easiest to tap into this motivational system when VCoLs are small, focused, relevant, and habitual. We call VCoLs with these characteristics micro-VCoLs. What is a micro-VCoL? Micro-VCoLs are frequently iterated learning cycles that are embedded in everyday activities. Like any VCoL, they involve setting a learning goal, gathering information, applying information, and reflecting on outcomes (preferably with input from others). But in the case of the micro-VCoL, the focus is on the smaller skills (micro-skills) that make up complex sets of skills. DA - 2019/07/07/ PY - 2019 LA - en ST - VCoL in action UR - https://theo-dawson.medium.com/learning-in-the-moment-how-to-use-micro-vcols-to-learn-optimally-on-the-fly-185d700804b Y2 - 2023/11/20/11:32:13 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What we’re missing by not getting our TWP alphabet straight AU - Marquette, Heather T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Heather Marquette grapples with aid's alphabet soup, and explains why DDD, TWP, PDIA etc are different and why that matters DA - 2019/07/03/T06:00:32+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - en-GB UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/what-were-missing-by-not-getting-our-twp-alphabet-straight/ Y2 - 2019/08/16/13:51:40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Process and Contextual Factors Supporting Action-Oriented Learning: A Thematic Synthesis of Empirical Literature in Natural Resource Management AU - Suškevičs, Monika AU - Hahn, Thomas AU - Rodela, Romina T2 - Society & Natural Resources AB - Despite a long-term focus on learning in natural resource management (NRM), it is still debated how learning supports sustainable real-world NRM practices. We offer a qualitative in-depth synthesis of selected scientific empirical literature (N = 53), which explores factors affecting action-oriented learning. We inductively identify eight key process-based and contextual factors discussed in this literature. Three patterns emerge from our results. First, the literature discusses both facilitated participation and self-organized collaboration as dialogical spaces, which bridge interests and support constructive conflict management. Second, the literature suggests practice-based dialogs as those best able to facilitate action and puts a strong emphasis on experimentation. Finally, not emphasized in existing reviews and syntheses, we found multiple evidence about certain contextual factors affecting learning, including social-ecological crises, complexity, and power structures. Our review also points at important knowledge gaps, which can be used to advance the current research agenda about learning and NRM. DA - 2019/07/03/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1080/08941920.2019.1569287 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 32 IS - 7 SP - 731 EP - 750 SN - 0894-1920 ST - Process and Contextual Factors Supporting Action-Oriented Learning UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2019.1569287 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:37:56 KW - Ecosystem governance KW - Social learning KW - intermediaries KW - social-ecological systems KW - structural constraints ER - TY - BLOG TI - A market system by any other name would smell as sweet AU - Kessler, Adam AU - Conroy, Kevin T2 - BEAM Exchange AB - How does Doing Development Differently (DDD) and Problem Driven Iterative Adaption (PDIA) connect to core principles of the MSD approach? DA - 2019/07/02/ PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://beamexchange.org/community/blogs/2019/7/2/market-system-any-other-name-smell-sweet/ Y2 - 2019/07/11/16:43:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Programming in Fragile, Conflict and Violence-Affected Settings, What Works and Under What Conditions?: The Case of Institutions for Inclusive Development, Tanzania AU - Green, Duncan AU - Guijt, Irene T2 - Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme AB - Adaptive Management involves a dynamic interaction between three elements: delivery, programming and governance. This case study focuses on a large DfID governance project, the Institutions for Inclusive Development (I4ID), a five-year initiative in Tanzania. The study forms part of a research project to examine whether and how adaptive approaches can strengthen aid projects promoting empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS). The research examines some of the assertions around the adaptive management approach and explores if and how adaptive approaches, including rapid learning and planning responses (fast feedback loops and agile programming) are particularly relevant and useful for citizen empowerment and government accountability (E&A) in FCVAS. CY - Brighton DA - 2019/07/01/ PY - 2019 LA - en PB - Itad, Oxfam and IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14562 Y2 - 2018/08/02/09:48:28 KW - A4EA KW - Adaptive Development KW - Economy KW - Fishery ER - TY - RPRT TI - Supporting the policy environment for economic development (SPEED+) - Strategic Review Report AU - MSI AB - Donor-funded policy reform has a long history in Mozambique, with United States Agency for International Development (USAID) efforts dating to the mid-1990s. Many laws and regulations adopted during the past quarter century are the consequence of these efforts. And yet, even with several years of robust economic growth, Mozambique has not experienced the broad economic transformation that policy reforms can trigger: per capita income in 2017 was $519 and more than 80 percent of the country lived on less than two dollars per day. The country ranks 180 out of 189 on the Human Development Index and 135 out of 180 on the World Bank’s Doing Business Index. Supporting the Policy Environment for Economic Development (SPEED+), a $37 million, four-year, USAID-funded program, represents the latest iteration of USAID’s policy reform efforts. SPEED+ began in August 2016 and is scheduled to run through August 2020. As the program passed the midway point, USAID commissioned Management Systems International (MSI) to conduct a strategic review (SR) of the SPEED+ program, with the objectives of advising on: • how to maximize the impact of SPEED+ during its final 18 months; • what type of follow-on program USAID should consider; and • what broader lessons can be drawn from SPEED+’s experience in Mozambique. DA - 2019/07// PY - 2019 PB - USAID UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TZFX.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:27:51 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Top Tips: How to design and manage adaptive programmes AU - Valters, Craig AU - Wild, Leni AB - Within DFID, there is now a commitment to more flexible and adaptive programming. This recognises that: • DFID works in contexts that continuously evolve and change, sometimes in unpredictable ways. To respond to this, the agency needs to remain flexible – to expect change and have a good understanding of context, with resources that can be adjusted and scope to change direction if needed. All DFID programmes should be able to do this. • Some DFID programmes aim to support change in complex systems, behaviours and incentives. Efforts to address women’s empowerment, improve sanitation or build more sustainable health systems, for instance, all require engagement with the way in which complex systems operate and the people and behaviours within them. Trying to deliver reforms in these circumstances is challenging because the pathway to reform itself will be unclear: as a reform is rolled out, the system itself will react and respond. These types of programmes therefore need to build in from the start deliberate processes of learning and testing, to allow for adaptations as more information is gathered for what works over time. These top tips are concerned with programmes that aim to be flexible and adaptive – which work in dynamic contexts and are trying to address complex problems. While there is growing commitment to these approaches, feedback suggests staff still have questions about how to do this well. This document highlights some of the commonly reported issues related to adaptive programming and a set of tips, strategies and examples to help in addressing them. It is aimed at programme managers and advisors who may be Senior Responsible Owners (SROs) or those managing and supporting adaptive programming in a range of ways. We have collated these lessons from discussions with country offices and SROs, feedback from surveys and the wider evidence. We have looked specifically at the adaptive programmes we can find in the DFID portfolio, but this is not an exhaustive list. It should be noted that there is as yet no wide variety of case law to review, but there is a growing set of examples within DFID that can provide continuous learning for the organisation. CY - London DA - 2019/07// PY - 2019 PB - Overseas Development Institute UR - https://www.zotero.org/groups/1265281/adaptive_management_and_mel_in_international_development/collections/KL4DL8M5/items/D88SA8IR Y2 - 2024/02/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Beyond Tweets and Screams: Action for Empowerment and Accountability in Nigeria – The Case of the #BBOG Movement AU - Aina, Tade Akin AU - Atela, Martin AU - Ojebode, Ayo AU - Dayil, Plangsat AU - Aremu, Fatai AB - This paper explores the nature, role and dynamics of new forms of social and political action as pathways to empowerment and accountability in fragile conflict- and violence-affected settings in Africa. Through an in-depth analysis of the case of the Bring Back Our Girls (#BBOG) movement in Nigeria and a multi-methods approach, the paper provides new knowledge that addresses evidence gaps in the following areas: (1) the multiple ways through which social and political action play out in fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings; (2) whether the conditions in which new forms of social and political action applicable to fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings – the settings most dominant in African countries – emerge as currently projected in the literature; and (3) whether these social and political actions necessarily produce accountability and empowerment in fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings. Although often expressed as contentious and/or unruly politics, experiences from the BBOG movement suggest that the new forms of social and political action possess a wide range of implications for citizen action and governance, including leading to multiple forms of empowerment in fragile settings. CY - Brighton DA - 2019/06/27/ PY - 2019 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en M3 - IDS Working Paper PB - IDS SN - 529 ST - Beyond Tweets and Screams UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14559 Y2 - 2019/08/08/23:13:31 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Exploring the new world: practical insights for funding, commissioning and managing in complexity AU - Lowe, Toby AU - Plimmer, Dawn AB - The world is complex. If we want to contribute to creating positive social outcomes, we must learn to embrace this complexity. This is the New World that funders and commissioners are discovering: • People are complex: everyone’s life is different, everyone’s strengths and needs are different. • The issues we care about are complex: issues – like homelessness – are tangled and interdependent. • The systems that respond to these issues are complex: the range of people and organisations involved in creating ‘outcomes’ in the world are beyond the management control of any person or organisation. Building on the findings from our previous report, A Whole New World, we have spent the last 12 months working with a growing movement of funders, public sector commissioners, and organisations working on the ground to begin to explore this New World: to find examples of practice that will help people to navigate it effectively. This report explores the key features of their response: working in a way that is human, prioritises learning and takes a systems approach. CY - Newcastle DA - 2019/06/25/ PY - 2019 LA - en PB - Collaborate & Newcastle University ST - Exploring the new world UR - https://collaboratecic.com/exploring-the-new-world-practical-insights-for-funding-commissioning-and-managing-in-complexity-20a0c53b89aa Y2 - 2019/08/08/22:17:20 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Case for an Adaptive Approach to Empowerment and Accountability Programming in Fragile Settings: Synthesis report AU - Christie, Angela AU - Green, Duncan T2 - Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme AB - Fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS) are messy and ambiguous contexts in which to plan and implement development initiatives. To work there, external actors are increasingly adopting an adaptive approach to empowerment and accountability (E&A) programming, whatever the setting. This means using a compass rather than map, where real-time political economy analysis (PEA) in relation to context and programme monitoring and evidence-informed learning in relation to intervention are used in combination and in shorter-than-usual planning cycles to maintain and adapt strategic direction. This paper brings together three case studies of large Department for International Development (DFID) governance projects in Myanmar, Nigeria and Tanzania. CY - Brighton DA - 2019/06/21/ PY - 2019 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - Itad, Oxfam and IDS ST - Adaptive Programming in Fragile, Conflict and Violence-Affected Settings, What Works and Under What Conditions? UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14556 Y2 - 2018/08/02/09:48:28 KW - A4EA KW - Adaptive Development KW - Economy KW - Fishery ER - TY - RPRT TI - Implementing Adaptive Approaches in Real World Scenarios: A Nigeria Case Study, with Lessons for Theory and Practice AU - Bridges, Kate AU - Woolcock, Michael AB - How does adaptive implementation work in practice? Drawing on extensive interviews and observations, this paper contrasts the ways in which an adaptive component of a major health care project was implemented in three program and three matched comparison states in Nigeria. The paper examines the bases on which claims and counterclaims about the effectiveness of these approaches were made by different actors, concluding that resolution requires any such claims to be grounded in a fit-for-purpose theory of change and evaluation strategy. The principles of adaptive development may be gaining broad acceptance, but a complex array of skills, expectations, political support, empirical measures, and administrative structures needs to be deftly integrated if demonstrably positive operational results are to be obtained, especially when undertaken within institutional systems, administrative logics, and political imperatives that are predisposed to serve rather different purposes. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/06/18/14:52:04 PY - 2019 DP - documents.worldbank.org SP - 1 EP - 37 LA - en PB - The World Bank SN - WPS8904 ST - Implementing Adaptive Approaches in Real World Scenarios UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/300301560883977057 Y2 - 2019/07/05/10:02:26 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - From Thinking Politically To Working Politically: Are We Really Doing Development Any Differently? AB - In June it will be seven years since the Center for Global Development published the Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) paper. Few academic papers have had such an impact on development thinking. The question is whether the paper – and subsequent debate and experimentation - have had a demonstrable and beneficial impact on development practice. Experience to date suggests thinking politically is easier than working politically. Practitioners in development agencies, governments and contractors find that convincing theoretical literature can be tricky to operationalize in a fractious environment. Still, a growing number of programs have set out to be politically informed in design and politically savvy in implementation. Engaging the reality of politics creates the potential to promote change. To consider these issues, Abt Associates is hosting a workshop for international development practitioners in Washington, DC, on June 18th, 2019, to discuss the successes and failures in operationalizing this agenda. The session will allow practitioners to discuss experiences in TWP and propose solutions or approaches. Please join us in this Innovations in Governance series finale where four internationally renowned thinkers and doers will join us to offer their perspectives. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/06/18/ PY - 2019 LA - en ST - From Thinking Politically To Working Politically UR - https://www.abtassociates.com/insights/events/from-thinking-politically-to-working-politically-are-we-really-doing-development Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:59:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What Does the Evidence Tell Us about ‘Thinking and Working Politically’ in Development Assistance? AU - Dasandi, Niheer AU - Laws, Ed AU - Marquette, Heather AU - Robinson, Mark T2 - Politics and Governance AB - Abstract: This paper critically reviews evidence on ‘thinking and working politically’ in development. Scholars and practitioners have increasingly recognised that development is fundamentally political, and efforts are underway to develop more politically informed ways of thinking and working. The literature does not yet constitute a strong evidence base to link these efforts to more effective aid programming: much evidence is anecdotal, does not meet high standards of robustness, is not comparative, and draws on self-selected successes reported by programme insiders. We discuss factors commonly considered to explain the success of politically informed programmes in areas where conventional programming approaches fall short. We consider evidence in three areas—political context, sector and organization—and provide guidance on where to focus next. Finally, we outline ways of testing the core assumptions of the ‘thinking and working politically’ agenda more thoroughly, to provide a clearer sense of the contribution it can make to aid effectiveness. DA - 2019/06/05/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.17645/pag.v7i2.1904 DP - Crossref VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 155 LA - en SN - 2183-2463 UR - https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1904 Y2 - 2019/07/04/14:08:50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biased Policy Professionals AU - Banuri, Sheheryar AU - Dercon, Stefan AU - Gauri, Varun T2 - The World Bank Economic Review AB - Although the decisions of policy professionals are often more consequential than those of individuals in their private capacity, there is a dearth of studies on the biases of policy professionals: those who prepare and implement policy on behalf of elected politicians. Experiments conducted on a novel subject pool of development policy professionals (public servants of the World Bank and the Department for International Development in the UK) show that policy professionals are indeed subject to decision-making traps, including the effects of framing outcomes as losses or gains, and, most strikingly, confirmation bias driven by ideological predisposition, despite having an explicit mission to promote evidence-informed and impartial decision making. These findings should worry policy professionals and their principals in governments and large organizations, as well as citizens themselves. A further experiment, in which policy professionals engage in discussion, shows that deliberation may be able to mitigate the effects of some of these biases. DA - 2019/06/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1093/wber/lhy033 DP - academic.oup.com VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 310 EP - 327 J2 - World Bank Econ Rev LA - en SN - 0258-6770 UR - https://academic.oup.com/wber/article/33/2/310/5530388 Y2 - 2019/08/12/22:46:05 KW - bias ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring the prospects for adaptive governance in marine transboundary conservation in East Africa AU - Tuda, Arthur Omondi AU - Kark, Salit AU - Newton, Alice T2 - Marine Policy AB - This article explores the prospects for adaptive governance in a proposed marine transboundary conservation initiative in East Africa. Adaptive governance that involves interdependent state and non-state actors learning and taking action on joint environmental problems is suggested for effective transboundary resource governance. Using the concept of adaptive co-management, the current multi-stakeholder marine governance systems in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania are compared to illuminate opportunities and constraints for adaptive marine transboundary conservation governance between Kenya and Tanzania. The concept of networks and the formal method of social network analysis (SNA) are applied as the main methodological device. Using questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, social network data of 70 organizations (local resources users, government agencies and NGOs) was generated from Kenya (n = 33) and Tanzania (n = 37). Results show the existence of strong collaboration networks for marine resource governance in both Kenya and Tanzania. Social proximity is the common driver of network formation. Collaboration networks in Kenya and Tanzania have contributed to enhanced learning among marine resource managers. Conclusions point to the need to focus on common challenges relating to low levels of rule-compliance, limited access to information on the state of resources and poor integration of science into marine management decisions. Finally, differences in views regarding the state of marine ecosystems need to be addressed to improve prospects for joint problem-solving in marine transboundary conservation. DA - 2019/06/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.051 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 104 SP - 75 EP - 84 J2 - Marine Policy SN - 0308-597X UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X18305372 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:59:59 KW - Adaptive co-management KW - Adaptive governance KW - Collaboration KW - Marine transboundary conservation KW - Social network analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Eight Practices for Strategic Agility AU - Algoso, Dave T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Rather than a glossy brochure that no one reads, your strategy should be an ongoing practice that informs your decisions and adapts as circumstances change. A Viewpoint from the Summer 2019 issue. DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 IS - Summer 2019 LA - en-us UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/eight_practices_for_strategic_agility Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:26:08 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Summer school on Adaptive Management - 2019 AU - CID AB - General description of the curriculum DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 UR - http://www.cid-bo.org/2019/Summer%20school%202019/Adaptive-management_2019.html Y2 - 2019/03/28/09:26:11 ER - TY - ELEC TI - M&E Universe AU - intrac T2 - INTRAC AB - The M&E Universe is a free, online resource developed by INTRAC to support development practitioners involved in monitoring and evaluation (M&E). It consists of a series of short papers (2-6 pages) on different subjects related to M&E. It can be explored through an online platform (intrac.org/universe) that is compatible with most web browsers. The M&E Universe is designed for M&E practitioners with different levels of experience and expertise in M&E, from those new to M&E who want an entry level into the subject to experienced practitioners wanting to broaden their knowledge. Initial contact with the Map will provide people with a starting point for understanding different aspects of M&E and how they link to each other. More experienced practitioners can browse the Map to identify more advanced subjects of interest, such as sampling methods, different forms of evaluation, organisational M&E systems and complex methodologies for data collection and analysis. DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://www.intrac.org/resources/me-universe/ Y2 - 2019/08/12/22:38:49 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Adaptive Management AU - Jenal, Marcus AU - Cunningham, Shawn T2 - Annual Reflection 2019 DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 PB - Mesopartner UR - https://www.mesopartner.com/fileadmin/media_center/Annual_Reflections/AR2019-ENG-Art3.pdf Y2 - 2019/09/20/14:48:54 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Knowledge Retention and Transfer (KRT) - Model and Matsurity Matrix AU - USAID T2 - CLA Toolkit AB - The Maturity Matrix is not a standalone tool. It is one of the three major components of the KRT Model. The Maturity Matrix is meant to be used in conjunction with the KRT Toolkit and Implementation Plan. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 PB - USAID LEARN UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/version_2_cla_toolkit_staff_transitions_tool_20190613.pdf Y2 - 2023/10/26/09:40:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing staff transistions through CLA: preserving institutional memory as staff come and go AU - USAID T2 - CLA Toolkit AB - This document is relevant for any position or hiring mechanism. While this document does not explicitly address what happens when someone arrives into a newly-created position, which has its own set of challenges, many of the principles, actions, and resources can be applied in that context. Section 1 offers guidance for how to set up and implement systems at Mission/OU or office to ensure that all staff help preserve institutional memory and enable continuity of relationships. This section is for any staff in a Mission/OU working to build systems that improve handovers and knowledge capture and sharing across the Mission or OU. If a Mission or OU is just beginning to develop a system to manage staff transitions, you may want to start by developing a system within an office or team and then expand it out to other offices or to the Mission/OU writ large. Section 2 includes key principles and actions individuals could consider following when arriving or departing a position, regardless of hiring mechanism and position. This includes staff new to the Mission/OU and staff who are currently in the Mission/OU and are moving into a new position. Section 3 provides a select number of resources to help you take a systematic and comprehensive approach to manage staff transitions as effectively and efficiently as possible at the individual or organizational level. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 PB - USAID LEARN UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/version_2_cla_toolkit_staff_transitions_tool_20190613.pdf Y2 - 2023/10/26/09:40:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Making Sense of Complexity: Using SenseMaker as a Research Tool AU - Van der Merwe, Susara E. AU - Biggs, Reinette AU - Preiser, Rika AU - Cunningham, Charmaine AU - Snowden, David J. AU - O’Brien, Karen AU - Jenal, Marcus AU - Vosloo, Marietjie AU - Blignaut, Sonja AU - Goh, Zhen T2 - Systems AB - There is growing interest in studying processes of human sensemaking, as this strongly influences human and organizational behavior as well as complex system dynamics due to the diverse lenses people use to interpret and act in the world. The Cognitive Edge SenseMaker® tool is one method for capturing and making sense of people’s attitudes, perceptions, and experiences. It is used for monitoring and evaluation; mapping ideas, mind-sets, and attitudes; and detecting trends and weak signals. However, academic literature describing the tool-set and method is lacking. This introduction aims to guide researchers in choosing when to use SenseMaker and to facilitate understanding of its execution and limitations. SenseMaker can provide nuanced insight into system-level patterns of human sensemaking that can provide insight to nudge systems towards more desirable futures, and enable researchers to measure beyond what they know. DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 DO - 10.3390/systems7020025 DP - www.mdpi.com VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 25 LA - en ST - Making Sense of Complexity UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/7/2/25 Y2 - 2019/10/11/10:39:26 KW - Mixed methods KW - SenseMaker tool KW - complex systems KW - sensemaking KW - social complexity ER - TY - RPRT TI - Broad Agency Announcement for Locally Led Development Innovation AU - USAID AB - This BAA allows USAID Operating Units (OUs) to co-create, co-design, co-invest, and collaborate in the research, development, piloting, testing, and scaling of innovative, practical, and cost-effective interventions to catalyze locally led development. The BAA aligns with a number of Agency priorities and policies, including the Journey to Self-Reliance, resilience, procurement innovation, and expanding and diversifying the partner base - as well as the New Partnerships Initiative and Acquisition and Assistance Strategy. E3/LS has put up the BAA’s first Addendum, "New Directions in Advancing Locally Led Development," which seeks Expressions of Interest on the following: - Engaging the Local Private Sector - Conflict, Post-Conflict, and Non-Permissive Environments - Effective Partnerships - The Changing Role of the Donor - Local Giving, Philanthropy, and Other Private Resources CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/05/31/ PY - 2019 PB - USAID UR - https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=316600 Y2 - 2019/06/04/08:33:47 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Future Democracies - Laboratory of Collective Intelligence for Participatory Democracy A3 - Yago Bermejo AB - The Laboratory of Collective Intelligence for Participatory Democracy (2016-2019) is a project that arose out of Medialab Prado in coordination with the Government Area of Citizen Participation, Transparency and Open Government of the city of Madrid. Its work has been very connected with the analysis, reflection and innovation found on the digital participation platform Decide Madrid. The project has also organised many workshops and conferences that have brought together hundreds of people from the world of participatory democracy. This publication summarises the project’s core working principles as well as the open activities it has hosted over the course of these three years. These pilot experiences offer a possible vision of the future of democratic governance. CY - Madrid DA - 2019/05/31/ PY - 2019 DP - Internet Archive LA - eng PB - MediaLab Prado UR - http://archive.org/details/FutureDemocraciesLCPD Y2 - 2020/11/17/11:34:57 KW - Democracy ER - TY - BLOG TI - You might not be as agile as you think you are AU - Lindpaintner, Julia AU - Rivera, Stephanie T2 - 18F AB - The mandate to be agile is everywhere. But agile isn’t an on-off switch. It’s a skill and a mindset that is developed over time, through dedicated work, open teams, and lots (and lots) of practice DA - 2019/05/29/ PY - 2019 LA - en ST - 18F UR - https://federalist.18f.gov/2019/05/29/you-might-not-be-as-agile-as-you-think-you-are/ Y2 - 2019/08/08/23:04:31 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Limits of Accounting-Based Accountability in Education (and Far Beyond): Why More Accounting Will Rarely Solve Accountability Problems AU - Honig, Dan AU - Pritchett, Lant AB - Accountability is rightly at the center of the conversation regarding how to improve governance systems, particularly health and education systems. But efforts to address accountability deficits often focus primarily on improving what can be counted and verified—what we term “accountingbased accountability.” We argue that introducing greater accounting-based accountability will only very rarely be the appropriate solution for addressing accountability problems. We illustrate this by exploring the role of Accountability ICT in (not) improving education system performance. Strengthening “real” accountability is not the same as improving data systems for observation and verification, and often attempts at the latter undermine the former. The development discourse’s frequent semantic misunderstanding of the term “accountability” has pernicious effects on system reform efforts and ultimately global welfare. DA - 2019/05/24/ PY - 2019 SP - 50 LA - en M3 - Working Paper PB - Center for Global Development SN - 510 UR - https://www.cgdev.org/publication/limits-accounting-based-accountability-education-and-far-beyond-why-more-accounting-will ER - TY - BOOK TI - Scaling Impact: Innovation for the Public Good AU - McLean, Robert AU - Gargani, John AB - Scaling Impact introduces a new and practical approach to scaling the positive impacts of research and innovation. Inspired by leading scientific and entrepreneurial innovators from across Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the Middle East, this book presents a synthesis of unrivalled diversity and grounded ingenuity. The result is a different perspective on how to achieve impact that matters, and an important challenge to the predominant more-is-better paradigm of scaling. For organisations and individuals working to change the world for the better, scaling impact is a common goal and a well-founded aim. The world is changing rapidly, and seemingly intractable problems like environmental degradation or accelerating inequality press us to do better for each other and our environment as a global community. Challenges like these appear to demand a significant scale of action, and here the authors argue that a more creative and critical approach to scaling is both possible and essential. To encourage uptake and co-development, the authors present actionable principles that can help organisations and innovators design, manage, and evaluate scaling strategies. Scaling Impact is essential reading for development and innovation practitioners and professionals, but also for researchers, students, evaluators, and policymakers with a desire to spark meaningful change. DA - 2019/05/14/ PY - 2019 SP - 286 LA - en PB - Routledge SN - 978-0-429-88638-6 ST - Scaling Impact UR - https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/scaling-impact-innovation-public-good KW - Developing & Emerging Countries ER - TY - BLOG TI - How to manage complexity: four lessons for DFID’s new Secretary of State AU - LearnAdapt T2 - Medium AB - Lessons for DFID in addressing complex problems without creating complicated, workload heavy programmes. DA - 2019/05/03/T11:04:46.674Z PY - 2019 ST - How to manage complexity UR - https://medium.com/learnadapt/how-to-manage-complexity-four-lessons-for-dfids-new-secretary-of-state-b1bdf06b513c Y2 - 2019/05/15/10:20:21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The guiding logics and principles for designing emergent transdisciplinary research processes: learning experiences and reflections from a transdisciplinary urban case study in Enkanini informal settlement, South Africa AU - van Breda, John AU - Swilling, Mark T2 - Sustainability Science AB - Transdisciplinarity is not a new science per se, but a new methodology for doing science with society. A particular challenge in doing science with society is the engagement with non-academic actors to enable joint problem formulation, analysis and transformation. How this is achieved differs between contexts. The premise of this paper is that transdisciplinary research (TDR) methodologies designed for developed world contexts cannot merely be replicated and transferred to developing world contexts. Thus a new approach is needed for conducting TDR in contexts characterised by high levels of complexity, conflict and social fluidity. To that end, this paper introduces a new approach to TDR titled emergent transdisciplinary design research (ETDR). A core element of this approach is that the research process is designed as it unfolds, that is, it transforms as it emerges from and within the fluid context. The ETDR outlined in this paper emerged through a case study in the informal settlement (slum) of Enkanini in Stellenbosch, South Africa. This case study demonstrates the context from and within which the ETDR approach and identifies a set of guiding logics that can be used to guide ETDR approaches in other contexts. The study demonstrates that the new logics and guiding principles were not simply derived from the TDR literature, but rather emerged from constant interacting dynamics between theory and practice. Learning how to co-design the research process through co-producing transformative knowledge and then implementing strategic interventions to bring about incremental social change is key to theory development in ways that are informed by local contextual dynamics. There are, however, risks when undertaking such TDR processes such as under-valuing disciplinary knowledge, transferring risks onto a society, and suppressing ‘truth-to-power’. DA - 2019/05/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1007/s11625-018-0606-x DP - Springer Link VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 823 EP - 841 J2 - Sustain Sci LA - en SN - 1862-4057 ST - The guiding logics and principles for designing emergent transdisciplinary research processes UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0606-x Y2 - 2022/08/08/08:58:25 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and learning for country-level portfolio decision-making and adaptation AU - Buffardi, Anne L AU - Mason, Paige AU - Hutchings, Claire AU - Sharp, Samuel T2 - Briefing Note AB - Most measurement and adaptive management approaches were developed for and from individual projects. This briefing aims to guide measurement and management of country-level portfolios of work. It identifies potential purposes portfolio-level analyses can fulfil, types of adaptation, and the relative role of monitoring, learning and evaluation (MEL). Drawing on reviews of practice from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), guidance notes, and experiences of members of the Global Learning for Adaptive Management (GLAM) initiative, it offers recommendations and considerations that are particularly relevant for this level of analysis and management. Key messages - Portfolio-level analyses can serve eight potential purposes, each of which answers different questions, involves adaptation at different times and levels, and requires different types of evidence. Identifying the purpose(s) and how the component parts relate to each other should guide the development of monitoring and learning systems. - Portfolios are oriented more towards breadth than depth, involve more people with different perspectives, and draw on multiple sources of evidence with potentially greater variation in quality. - In practice, four activities appear to be applied most frequently at a portfolio level: alignment of indicators and aggregation of monitoring data; synthesis of multiple sources and types of information to provide a summary of outputs, outcomes, common observations and trends; periodic review and reflection sessions; and strategic planning, design or refresh of the portfolio strategy. - The extent to which evidence-informed portfolio management is facilitating learning and adaptation has not been well documented to date, and we suggest potential indicators to do so. CY - London DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - ODI/GLAM UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/11351-monitoring-and-learning-country-level-portfolio-decision-making-and-adaptation Y2 - 2019/05/31/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Barrio Mio and Katye: PCI’s neighbourhood approach in cities AU - Campbell, Leah T2 - AKNAP case study CY - London DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 LA - en PB - ALNAP/ODI ER - TY - RPRT TI - Help! I’m hiring new staff and I want them to work adaptively. A guide to hiring adaptive employees. AU - Salib, Monalisa AB - If you are involved in hiring, this tool can help you increase your chances of selecting staff members skilled in adaptive management. It will help answer the questions: Which competencies should I recruit for in order to hire more adaptive employees? Which desired qualifications should I incorporate into position descriptions to attract adaptive employees? Which interview questions should I ask to screen for adaptive employee competencies? You should use this tool when you decide to hire a new individual - whether that be a direct hire, contractor, or consultant - or when you are changing an individual’s current position description or scope of work. Specifically, this tool will help you determine which qualifications are most important for the position and offers interview questions you can use with candidates. --- You’re in luck! We just released a new guide for hiring adaptive employees. This visual and user-friendly tool will help increase your chances of selecting staff skilled in adaptive management. Here are the details: What do you mean by “work adaptively” or an “adaptive employee”? An adaptive employee is an individual who, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, systematically acquires and uses knowledge to make decisions and adjustments in their work in order to achieve greater impact. Why focus on adaptive employees? Why does it matter? With industries, technologies, and organizations in a near constant state of flux, leaders are recognizing the importance of adaptability as a critical capacity. Because of this, it’s not surprising that a recent LinkedIn report found that adaptability was the most important soft skill hiring managers were screening for. In addition, evidence shows that teams that apply more data-driven and adaptive leadership practices perform better than those that focus less on these practices. It makes sense, then, that managers want to recruit more team members who are skilled in adaptive management - it helps achieve results. Who should use this tool? Anyone involved in hiring, responsible for developing or approving position descriptions, participating in interviews, and/or approving new hires. When should I use this tool? Use it as soon as you decide to hire a new staff person or when you’re adjusting existing position descriptions. What does the tool help me do? It will help you think through: Which competencies should I recruit for in order to hire more adaptive employees? Which desired qualifications should I incorporate into position descriptions to attract adaptive employees? (You can even copy and paste qualification language from the tool into scopes of work!) Which interview questions should I ask to screen for adaptive employee competencies? (You can copy and paste interview questions into your screening, interview, and reference check protocols!) Has the tool been tested? Yes, staff within USAID’s Global Development Lab and on the USAID LEARN contract tested the tool, providing feedback on the minimum viable product and subsequent versions. Testers confirmed finding the tool useful, and gave it a 9/10 score when asked if they would recommend it to colleagues. Some specific feedback from testers included: "The tool prompts deeper thought on what you might need and want in a job candidate" and "All [of the interview questions I used from the tool] worked well." What about the existing staff? How can they gain greater skills in adaptive management? Existing USAID staff and implementing partners can access online training in collaborating, learning, and adapting (CLA) and find resources in the CLA Toolkit. USAID staff also have access to an internal CLA community of practice and five-day, in-person CLA training. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 PB - USAID LEARN UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/community/blog/help-im-hiring-new-staff-and-i-want-them-work-adaptively Y2 - 2023/09/29/08:31:49 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Guide to Digital Feedback Loops. An approach to strengthening program outcomes through data for decision making AU - Whittle, Dennis AU - Campbell, Megan AB - Feedback is information about what happens as a result of what you do. Using that information to adapt what you do or how you do it creates what is called a feedback loop. A digital feedback loop uses digital technology at some stage of the feedback loop. Digital feedback loops help USAID missions improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their activities and can support partner countries on their journey to self-reliance through increased information sharing and improved government and civil society capacity. USAID missions and their partners have used digital feedback loops to improve HIV treatment targeting in Zimbabwe, engage three million young people in Nigeria in policy, and reduce field reporting times from one month to one day. Digital feedback loops provide access to information faster and more cheaply than ever before. As part of an adaptive management approach, digital feedback loops increase our ability to act on opportunities and respond to challenges. That in turn can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of waste and failure. This guide outlines the case for integrating digital feedback loops into your work, and provides tools, resources and guiding questions to support you as you get started. The guide includes examples of how USAID missions are using digital feedback loops to improve their programs in various sectors and provides worksheets to help you apply digital feedback loops to your own context. DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/A_Guide_to_Digital_Feedback_Loops.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/31/11:14:13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Policy-driven monitoring and evaluation: Does it support adaptive management of socio-ecological systems? AU - Waylen, Kerry A. AU - Blackstock, Kirsty L. AU - van Hulst, Freddy J. AU - Damian, Carmen AU - Horváth, Ferenc AU - Johnson, Richard K. AU - Kanka, Robert AU - Külvik, Mart AU - Macleod, Christopher J. A. AU - Meissner, Kristian AU - Oprina-Pavelescu, Mihaela M. AU - Pino, Joan AU - Primmer, Eeva AU - Rîșnoveanu, Geta AU - Šatalová, Barbora AU - Silander, Jari AU - Špulerová, Jana AU - Suškevičs, Monika AU - Van Uytvanck, Jan T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - Inadequate Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is often thought to hinder adaptive management of socio-ecological systems. A key influence on environmental management practices are environmental policies: however, their consequences for M&E practices have not been well-examined. We examine three policy areas - the Water Framework Directive, the Natura 2000 Directives, and the Agri-Environment Schemes of the Common Agricultural Policy - whose statutory requirements influence how the environment is managed and monitored across Europe. We use a comparative approach to examine what is monitored, how monitoring is carried out, and how results are used to update management, based on publicly available documentation across nine regional and national cases. The requirements and guidelines of these policies have provided significant impetus for monitoring: however, we find this policy-driven M&E usually does not match the ideals of what is needed to inform adaptive management. There is a tendency to focus on understanding state and trends rather than tracking the effect of interventions; a focus on specific biotic and abiotic indicators at the expense of understanding system functions and processes, especially social components; and limited attention to how context affects systems, though this is sometimes considered via secondary data. The resulting data are sometimes publicly-accessible, but it is rarely clear if and how these influence decisions at any level, whether this be in the original policy itself or at the level of measures such as site management plans. Adjustments to policy-driven M&E could better enable learning for adaptive management, by reconsidering what supports a balanced understanding of socio-ecological systems and decision-making. Useful strategies include making more use of secondary data, and more transparency in data-sharing and decision-making. Several countries and policy areas already offer useful examples. Such changes are essential given the influence of policy, and the urgency of enabling adaptive management to safeguard socio-ecological systems. DA - 2019/04/20/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.462 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 662 SP - 373 EP - 384 J2 - Science of The Total Environment SN - 0048-9697 ST - Policy-driven monitoring and evaluation UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718353580 Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:36:10 KW - Adaptive Management KW - Environmental governance KW - Monitoring and Evaluation KW - Policy making KW - Socio-ecological systems KW - Sustainability ER - TY - BLOG TI - Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning for Complex Programs in Complex Contexts: Three Facility Case Studies – Governance Soapbox AU - Davda, Tara AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia T2 - Abt Associates - Governance Soapbox DA - 2019/04/11/ PY - 2019 UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.wordpress.com/2019/04/11/monitoring-evaluation-and-learning-for-complex-programs-in-complex-contexts-three-facility-case-studies/ Y2 - 2019/06/21/15:16:37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scale Up Sourcebook AU - Cooley, Larry AU - Howard, Julie T2 - Scale Up Conference AB - The Scale Up Sourcebook is informed and inspired by the September 2018 conference, Innovations in Agriculture: Scaling Up to Reach Millions, organized by Purdue University, in partnership with the African Development Bank. The Sourcebook consolidates, extends, and disseminates some of the scaling insights presented at the Purdue conference. It is intended as an easy-to-use guidebook targeted to a broad and diverse audience of stakeholders associated with scaling agricultural technologies and innovations to meet the needs of the world’s poor. The Sourcebook has nine chapters: designing with scale in mind; assessing scalability; using commercial markets to drive scaling; financing the transition to scale; creating an enabling environment for scale; tailoring metrics, monitoring, and evaluation to support sustainable outcomes at scale; and the critical role of intermediary and donor organizations. The Sourcebook provides guidance, tips, and examples, along with links and references to additional resources on scale up. DA - 2019/04/09/ PY - 2019 UR - https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/scaleup/sourcebook/book/1 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How Does the World Bank Build Citizen Engagement Commitments into Project Design? Results from Pilot Assessments in Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan AU - Nadelman, Rachel AU - Le, Ha AU - Sah, Anjali T2 - Working Paper 525 AB - How and to what degree is the World Bank putting its new institutional citizen engagement (CE) commitments into practice? This question guides an independent assessment that the Accountability Research Center (ARC) at American University has undertaken as part of the Institute of Development Studies-led Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme’s investigation into how external actors can best support local processes of and conditions for empowerment and accountability. This report investigates the World Bank’s incorporation of CE into project design, the critical early stage of donor engagement. To accomplish this, ARC reviewed the World Bank’s fiscal year 2015–17 investment project portfolios for four A4EA priority countries, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan, which covers 57 projects that range from US$19 million to U$600 million. The analysis determines whether projects commit to seeking a strategic approach to CE, which involves combining multiple tactics so that the whole could be greater than the sum of the parts. This assessment of CE commitments is intended to help to inform possible national, civil society organisation strategies to monitor whether and how these commitments are actually implemented in practice. CY - Brighton DA - 2019/04/08/ PY - 2019 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS ST - How Does the World Bank Build Citizen Engagement Commitments into Project Design? UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14449 Y2 - 2019/04/17/08:18:27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behind the scenes: International NGOs’ influence on reproductive health policy in Malawi and South Sudan AU - Storeng, Katerini T. AU - Palmer, Jennifer AU - Daire, Judith AU - Kloster, Maren O. T2 - Global Public Health AB - Global health donors increasingly embrace international nongovernmental organisations (INGOs) as partners, often relying on them to conduct political advocacy in recipient countries, especially in controversial policy domains like reproductive health. Although INGOs are the primary recipients of donor funding, they are expected to work through national affiliates or counterparts to enable ‘locally-led’ change. Using prospective policy analysis and ethnographic evidence, this paper examines how donor-funded INGOs have influenced the restrictive policy environments for safe abortion and family planning in South Sudan and Malawi. While external actors themselves emphasise the technical nature of their involvement, the paper analyses them as instrumental political actors who strategically broker alliances and resources to shape policy, often working ‘behind the scenes’ to manage the challenging circumstances they operate under. Consequently, their agency and power are hidden through various practices of effacement or concealment. These practices may be necessary to rationalise the tensions inherent in delivering a global programme with the goal of inducing locally-led change in a highly controversial policy domain, but they also risk inciting suspicion and foreign-national tensions. DA - 2019/04/03/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1080/17441692.2018.1446545 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 555 EP - 569 J2 - Global Public Health LA - en SN - 1744-1692, 1744-1706 ST - Behind the scenes UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441692.2018.1446545 Y2 - 2020/10/15/12:15:19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advancing urban adaptation where it counts: reshaping unequal knowledge and resource diffusion in networked Indonesian cities AU - Geldin, Samuel T2 - Environment and Urbanization AB - Climate adaptation literature vocalizes the need for transnational municipal networks (TMNs) to expand activities in vulnerable medium-sized cities, but little work has examined the granular extent of city participation and processes constraining TMN growth. This study explores the effectiveness of TMNs in reaching adaptation outcomes and how financial, material, and knowledge exchanges of TMNs tend to exclude adaptation in high-priority intermediary cities. Nearly 40 semi-structured interviews with Indonesian city actors and a preliminary catalogue of cities participating in TMNs reveal that risk-averse selection criteria, insufficient impact assessments, and duplicative institutional efforts reinforce disparities between primary and intermediary cities. To effectively build adaptive capacity in the most vulnerable regions, TMNs should remove participation barriers for intermediary cities, improve incentives for institutional collaboration, and adopt more rigorous evaluative metrics. These results directly inform the governance, resource allocation, and operational goals of TMN stakeholders to advance distributive climate justice. DA - 2019/04/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1177/0956247818776532 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 32 J2 - Environment and Urbanization LA - en SN - 0956-2478 ST - Advancing urban adaptation where it counts UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818776532 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:47:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A study of the sustained uptake developmental evaluation: How does developmental evaluation work in the USAID context, what factors help and hinder its success, and what is its value to stakeholders? AU - Baylor, Rebecca AU - Fatehi, Y. K. AU - Esper, H. DA - 2019/04// PY - 2019 PB - USAID UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TNRP.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/17/11:44:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID’s partnerships with civil society organisations - A performance review AU - ICAI AB - DFID values civil society organisations (CSOs), but its funding and partnership practices do not fully support the long-term health of the civil society sector. CY - London DA - 2019/04// PY - 2019 LA - en-GB PB - Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) UR - https://icai.independent.gov.uk/report/csos/ Y2 - 2019/05/15/12:50:57 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making adaptive rigour work - Principles and practices for strenghening monitoring, evaluation and learning for adaptive management AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Wild, Leni AU - Buffardi, Anne L AB - Adaptive programmes can be accountable, rigorous and high quality in how they use evidence by taking an ’adaptive rigour’ approach. Core development and humanitarian challenges are complex, and require processes of testing, learning and iteration to find solutions – adaptive management offers one approach for this. Yet large bureaucracies and development organisations can have low tolerance for experimentation and learning, and adaptive management can be viewed as an excuse for ‘making things up as you go along’. This briefing from the Global Learning for Adaptive Management (GLAM) initiative argues that adaptive programmes can be accountable, rigorous and high quality in how they use evidence – but this requires rethinking some key assumptions about how they are practised. The paper sets out three key elements of an ‘adaptive rigour’ approach: - Strengthening the quality of monitoring, evaluation and learning data and systems. - Ensuring appropriate investment in monitoring, evaluation and learning across the programme cycle. - Strengthening capacities and incentives to ensure the effective use of evidence and learning as part of decision-making, leading ultimately to improved effectiveness. CY - London DA - 2019/04// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - ODI/GLAM ER - TY - BLOG TI - 5 Emerging Lessons from new research into Empowerment and Accountability in Messy Places AU - Gaventa, John T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Research guru John Gaventa summarizes the emerging lessons from a new research programme on 'action for empowerment and accountability' in messy places DA - 2019/03/15/T07:00:42+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - en-GB UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/5-emerging-lessons-from-new-research-into-empowerment-and-accountability-in-messy-places/ Y2 - 2019/03/15/08:42:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning from Results-Based Management evaluations and reviews AU - Vähämäki, Janet AU - Verger, Chantal T2 - Development Co-operation Working Papers AB - What have we learned from implementing results-based management in development co-operation organisations? What progress and benefits can be seen? What are the main challenges and unintended consequences? Are there good practices to address these challenges? To respond to these questions this paper reviews and analyses the findings from various evaluations and reviews of results-based management systems conducted by members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the OECD/DAC Results Community Secretariat and other bodies in the past four years (2015-2018). It also draws on emerging lessons from new methods for managing development co-operation results. This analytical work aims to: identify recent trends in results-based management, explore challenges faced by providers when developing their results approaches and systems, select good practices in responding to these challenges that can be useful for the OECD/DACResults Community, considering new approaches, new technologies and evolving contexts. This body of evidence will inform the development of a core set of generic guiding principles for results-based management in development co-operation. DA - 2019/03/15/ PY - 2019 DP - www.oecd-ilibrary.org LA - en PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/learning-from-results-based-management-evaluations-and-reviews_3fda0081-en Y2 - 2019/04/05/13:42:26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Knowing When to Adapt - A Decision Tree AU - USAID AB - This job aid will help you determine how best to resolve a challenge/issue in programming. It is intended for use by USAID, partners, and others working in international development. CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/03/05/T15:01:56-05:00 PY - 2019 LA - en PB - USAID LEARN UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/knowing-when-adapt-decision-tree Y2 - 2019/03/28/09:40:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can’t See the Wood For the Logframe: Integrating Logframes and Theories of Change in Development Evaluation AU - Freer, Gordon AU - Lemire, Sebastian T2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation AB - There are numerous ways in which to model the underlying theory of programs. In the context of international development evaluation, the most ubiquitous are likely “logframes” and to some extent “theories of change,” both of which may serve to guide program development and management, monitoring, and evaluation. While logframes and theories of change are often developed in parallel, they are rarely fully integrated in their practical application. Drawing on lessons from a recent theory-based evaluation, this article argues that fully integrating the program theory of change within the program logframe provides for a stronger and more holistic understanding of program progress. DA - 2019/03/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.3138/cjpe.53007 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 33 IS - 3 J2 - CJPE LA - en SN - 1496-7308, 0834-1516 ST - Can’t See the Wood For the Logframe UR - https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjpe/article/view/53007 Y2 - 2019/08/12/22:03:02 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Actor-Based Theories Of Change to Conduct Robust Contribution Analysis in Complex Settings AU - Koleros, Andrew AU - Mayne, John T2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation AB - The use of theories of change (ToCs) is a hallmark of sound evaluation practice. As interventions have become more complex, the development of ToCs that adequately unpack this complexity has become more challenging. Equally important is the development of evaluable ToCs, necessary for conducting robust theory-based evaluation approaches such as contribution analysis (CA). This article explores one approach to tackling these challenges through the use of nested actor-based ToCs using the case of an impact evaluation of a complex police-reform program in the Democratic Republic of Congo, describing how evaluable nested actor-based ToCs were built to structure the evaluation. DA - 2019/03/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.3138/cjpe.52946 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 33 IS - 3 J2 - CJPE LA - en SN - 1496-7308, 0834-1516 UR - https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjpe/article/view/52946 Y2 - 2019/08/12/22:14:58 KW - Behavioural strategy KW - COM-B ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating farmers’ adaptive knowledge into flood management and adaptation policies in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A social learning perspective AU - Tran, Thong Anh AU - Rodela, Romina T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Flood management and adaptation are important elements in sustaining farming production in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). While over the past decades hydraulic development introduced by the central government has substantially benefited the rural economy, it has simultaneously caused multiple barriers to rural adaptation. We investigate the relational practices (i.e., learning interactions) taking place within and across the flood management and adaptation boundaries from the perspective of social learning. We explore whether and how adaptive knowledge (i.e., experimental and experiential knowledge) derived from farmers’ everyday adaptation practices contributes to local flood management and adaptation policies in the selected areas. We collected data through nine focus groups with farmers and thirty-three interviews with government officials, environmental scientists, and farmers. Qualitative analysis suggests that such processes are largely shaped by the institutional context where the boundary is embedded. This study found that while the highly bureaucratic operation of flood management creates constraints for feedback, the more informal arrangements set in place at the local level provide flexible platforms conducive to open communication, collaborative learning, and exchange of knowledge among the different actors. This study highlights the pivotal role of shadow systems that provide space for establishing and maintaining informal interactions and relationships between social actors (e.g., interactions between farmers and extension officials) in stimulating and influencing, from the bottom-up, the emergence of adaptive knowledge about flood management and adaptation in a local context. DA - 2019/03/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.02.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 55 SP - 84 EP - 96 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 ST - Integrating farmers’ adaptive knowledge into flood management and adaptation policies in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378018305569 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:04:35 KW - Adaptation KW - Flood management KW - Knowledge brokers KW - Mekong Delta KW - Shadow systems KW - Social learning KW - Vietnamese ER - TY - JOUR TI - How We Model Matters: A Manifesto for the Next Generation of Program Theorizing AU - Whynot, Jane AU - Lemire, Sebastian AU - Montague, Steve T2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation AB - In this concluding article, grounded on the exemplary contributions contained in the preceding pages, the guest editors scale the proverbial soapbox and present a manifesto to guide the pursuit and advancement of the next generation of program theorizing. Formulating ten declarations for program theory development and examination, the modest hope of the authors is to motivate and inspire reflective evaluation practitioners to broaden their views, approaches, and techniques for future program theorizing. DA - 2019/03/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.3138/cjpe.53070 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 33 IS - 3 J2 - CJPE LA - en SN - 1496-7308, 0834-1516 ST - How We Model Matters UR - https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjpe/article/view/53070 Y2 - 2019/08/12/21:34:54 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bringing adaptive management to life: Insights from practice AU - Arora, Anmol AU - Gogoi, Elizabeth AU - Joy, Divya AU - Kumar, Pankaj AU - Luthra, Rajni AU - Pal, Uma AU - Pervaiz, Arif CY - Oxford DA - 2019/03// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Oxford Policy Management UR - http://www.acclimatise.uk.com/2019/03/26/bringing-adaptive-management-to-life-insights-from-practice/ Y2 - 2019/05/15/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - READ ME - HOW TO USE THIS AM LIBRARY AU - Prieto Martin, Pedro CY - Brighton DA - 2019/03// PY - 2019 PB - Institute of Development Studies UR - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OsXs9aofrF9faMrEawoRMjT5dCokSlnY ER - TY - RPRT TI - How DFID can better manage complexity in development programming AU - Sharp, Samuel AU - Valters, Craig AU - Whitty, Brendan AB - The United Kingdom’s (UK) Department for International Development (DFID) is an ambitious government department that is committed to reducing poverty and conflict overseas. Many of the issues on which DFID works are complex; whether focused on climate change, gender equality, health or other priorities, simple solutions rarely exist. And to tackle these complex challenges, DFID staff must interact with unpredictable systems of political, organisational and individual behaviours and incentives. There is a risk that complex problems spur more complicated programmes; that the complexity of development challenges is addressed through designing programmes with too many projects and implementers. While there may be valid reasons for this, too many of these complicated programmes will overburden staff. This briefing note is the outcome of an ongoing process within DFID to confront these issues and answer the question: how can DFID design and manage programmes to address complex development challenges without creating too much staff workload? Key messages DFID deals with complex problems, which require flexible systems to support testing, learning and adaptation. • Complex problems do not necessarily require workload-heavy delivery structures, but simpler approaches depend on delivery partners’ experience and competence. • However, programmes that tackle complex problems do require more hands-on engagement and face more workload from inflexible compliance requirements. We suggest that DFID and similar agencies: • Pay closer attention to delivery options in programme design, making use of existing options where possible and, where not, fostering local organisations through long-term investments. • Encourage programme designers to articulate how ambition matches resources and consider ‘good enough’ design. • Reduce the burden of compliance by cultivating partner autonomy, reassessing results and valuefor-money requirements and promoting more flexible contracting and procurement. • Plan and prioritise management resources across a portfolio of programmes to make sure they can be focused in the right areas, where the complexity of the problem requires greater engagement. CY - London DA - 2019/03// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en M3 - Briefing paper PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12675.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/15/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Agile Development in the Age of Adaptive Management AU - Davis, Taryn AU - Orton-Vipond, Sarah AU - Staid, Martha T2 - Development Gateway AB - Adaptive management – the idea that development projects should respond to real life complexities and be flexible enough to respond to unforeseen changes – is an often-praised approach to doing development differently, with donors and partners exploring how to apply it within their programming. DA - 2019/02/14/ PY - 2019 LA - en UR - http://www.developmentgateway.org/blog/agile-development-age-adaptive-management Y2 - 2019/03/15/09:06:47 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Towards ‘Targeted Systems Change’ AU - Rye, Sam T2 - Fieldnotes by Sam Rye AB - Modelling and communicating how to shift systems DA - 2019/02/09/T10:40:27.009Z PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://medium.com/fieldnotes-by-sam-rye/towards-targeted-systems-change-7f4db6febb51 Y2 - 2024/03/27/10:15:11 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What is different about how INGOs do Adaptive Management/Doing Development Differently? AU - Green, Duncan T2 - From Poverty to Power DA - 2019/02/08/ PY - 2019 UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/some-great-new-research-on-adaptive-management-doing-development-differently-by-ingos/ Y2 - 2019/11/04/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Thinking and Working Politically in Economic Development Programmes – Some Sprints and Stumbles from a DFID Programme in Kyrgyzstan AU - Koleros, Andrew AU - Rinnert, David T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - A DFID programme in Kyrgyzstan offers useful insights into how the Thinking and Working Politically approach can escape from its governance ghetto DA - 2019/02/06/T07:00:19+00:00 PY - 2019 LA - en-GB UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/thinking-and-working-politically-in-economic-development-programmes-some-sprints-and-stumbles-from-a-dfid-programme-in-kyrgyzstan/ Y2 - 2019/02/06/09:37:26 KW - Case Study ER - TY - RPRT TI - Short Course - Adaptive Management, an overview AU - Bazaz Smith, Komal CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 9 LA - en PB - American University ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring, Evaluating and Learning for Complex Programs in Complex Contexts: Three Facility Case Studies AU - Davda, Tara AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia T2 - Governance Working Paper 6 DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Abt Associates UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/abt-governance-working-paper-series-issue-no-6-final-8-march-2019.pdf Y2 - 2019/06/21/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - AID Programming Guide AU - DFAT DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 PB - Australian Government UR - https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Pages/aid-programming-guide.aspx Y2 - 2019/03/12/16:44:34 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Peacebuilding design, monitoring, and evaluation: A Training Package for participants and trainers at intermediate to advanced levels AU - Ernstorfer, Anita AU - Barnard-Webster, Kiely AB - This training package includes 7 Training Modules and a set of Annexes (Annexes A-O). The Training Modules build on each other and should ideally be used in a sequenced way in a training setting. However, for groups with specific training needs around particular areas, modules can also be used individually, but need to be tailored by the trainers and facilitators to meet the needs of specific audiences. The annexes provide worksheets and hand-outs that can be used as resources during the training for specific modules and exercises. CY - New York DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 PB - Carnegie Corporation UR - https://www.cdacollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PB-DME-Training-Package-final.pdf Y2 - 2022/06/17/13:12:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Designing Monitoring and Evaluation Approaches for Learning An FOS How-To Guide AU - FOS DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 PB - FOS UR - http://www.fosonline.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FOS-ME-Design-How-to-Guide-v.-2019-02.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/25/15:41:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Local Works Guidance - Round 4 AU - USAID CY - Washington DC DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/partnership-opportunities/ngo/localworks Y2 - 2019/02/13/15:51:51 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Hospicing The Old AU - Robinson, Cassie T2 - Stewarding Loss AB - In 2010 I was introduced to the Berkana Institutes’s Two Loop model, and I come back to it again and again. As I’ve moved across different… DA - 2019/01/11/T14:17:34.642Z PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://medium.com/thefarewellfund/hospicing-the-old-16e537396c4b Y2 - 2023/10/31/11:30:10 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Conflict and Human Rights Shareweb DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 UR - https://www.shareweb.ch/site/Conflict-and-Human-Rights/startpage-tools/cspm-tool/scenarios/#goto Y2 - 2019/03/06/12:46:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Positive deviance, big data, and development: A systematic literature review AU - Albanna, Basma AU - Heeks, Richard T2 - The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries AB - Positive deviance is a growing approach in international development that identifies those within a population who are outperforming their peers in some way, eg, children in low-income families who are well nourished when those around them are not. Analysing and then disseminating the behaviours and other factors underpinning positive deviance are demonstrably effective in delivering development results. However, positive deviance faces a number of challenges that are restricting its diffusion. In this paper, using a systematic literature review, we analyse the current state of positive deviance and the potential for big data to address the challenges facing positive deviance. From this, we evaluate the promise of “big data-based positive deviance”: This would analyse typical sources of big data in developing countries—mobile phone records, social media, remote sensing data, etc—to identify both positive deviants and the factors underpinning their superior performance. While big data cannot solve all the challenges facing positive deviance as a development tool, they could reduce time, cost, and effort; identify positive deviants in new or better ways; and enable positive deviance to break out of its current preoccupation with public health into domains such as agriculture, education, and urban planning. In turn, positive deviance could provide a new and systematic basis for extracting real-world development impacts from big data. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1002/isd2.12063 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 85 IS - 1 SP - e12063 LA - en SN - 1681-4835 ST - Positive deviance, big data, and development UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/isd2.12063 Y2 - 2021/11/25/14:49:21 KW - big data KW - developing countries KW - machine learning KW - mobile data KW - positive deviance KW - systematic literature review ER - TY - RPRT TI - Integrating Big Data and Thick Data to Transform Public Services Delivery AU - Ang, Yuen Yuen AB - This report explains how public organizations can combine big data and thick data to transform public services delivery—a strategy called mixed analytics. Governments can greatly enhance the value of big data by combining it with “thick” data—rich qualitative information about users, such as their values, goals, and consumption behavior, obtained by observing or interacting with them in their daily lives. Big data holds great promise for improving public services delivery and innovation in government, but they are not a panacea . Having lots of data can be overwhelming or have little utility if the data are “thin”—that is, they lack meaning for users or fail to capture issues that matter most . By yielding insights into what citizens really care about and how they consume services, thick data can inform both the collection and analysis of big data. This report introduces the concept of “mixed analytics,” integrating big data and thick data to transform government decision making, public services delivery, and communication. The report presents three case studies of organizations that employ mixed analytics at the international, federal, and city level, respectively. Together, this research offers a set of transferable lessons for agencies at all levels of government: Lesson 1: Big data is a means to an end, rather than an end. Lesson 2: Thick data can identify unexpected problems or previously unexpressed needs. Lesson 3: Thick data can inform the analysis of big data. Lesson 4: Mixed analytics can offer both scale and depth. Lesson 5: Applying technology is a social activity, not an isolated technical task. Lesson 6: The best solutions are not always high-tech. The report concludes with five actionable recommendations for public managers. Make data and technology relevant to the people who use it. Leverage thick data at appropriate stages of the problem-solving process. Build an interdisciplinary team of quantitative and qualitative experts who work closely with stakeholders. Combine big and thick data to improve communication Improve government agencies’ knowledge of mixed research methods. This report builds on multiple past IBM Center reports about how government can leverage data and analytics to improve decisions, including Data-Driven Government: The Role of Chief Data Officers, by Jane Wiseman; Ten Actions to Implement Big Data Initiatives: A Study of 65 Cities, by Alfred Ho and Bo McCall, and Realizing The Promise of Big Data, by Kevin DeSouza. The report also complements several chapters that assess the past and potential use of data across the public sector in our recent book, Government For The Future: Reflection and Vision For Tomorrow’s Leaders. At a time when the US and other governments continue to enhance their use of data as a strategic asset for transformation, we hope that Professor Ang’s report provides useful insights for government managers and stakeholders. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 47 LA - en PB - IBM Center for The Business of Government ER - TY - RPRT TI - Developmental Evaluation: How Barriers & Enablers Emerge Over Time AU - Baylor, Rebecca AU - Fatehi, Y. K. AU - Esper, H. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 6 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - CONF TI - Digital Development: Elements of a Critical ICT4D Theory and Praxis AU - Bon, Anna AU - Akkermans, Hans A2 - Nielsen, Petter A2 - Kimaro, Honest Christopher T3 - IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology AB - In recent years, critical research literature in ICT4D has grown. It is widely accepted that theory is to inform practice. However, the inverse directionality, practice informs theory, is much less present in ICT4D, including in critical research. In this paper, we discuss ways how ICT4D research and theory may be better informed by practice—in terms of (i) recognizing praxis-oriented research paradigms and integrating their results, (ii) development of foundational theories, (iii) critical analysis of ICT4D emerging policies, and (iv) positioning ICT4D in the wider development debate. This suggests several elements or directions in which critical research has the potential to push current boundaries of ICT4D in terms of content as well as relevance. C3 - Information and Communication Technologies for Development. Strengthening Southern-Driven Cooperation as a Catalyst for ICT4D DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Springer Link SP - 26 EP - 38 LA - en PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 978-3-030-19115-3 ST - Digital Development KW - Action research paradigm KW - Critical research KW - Network complexity theory KW - Principles for Digital Development ER - TY - JOUR TI - Polycentric Systems of Governance: A Theoretical Model for the Commons AU - Carlisle, Keith AU - Gruby, Rebecca L. T2 - Policy Studies Journal AB - Polycentricity is a fundamental concept in commons scholarship that connotes a complex form of governance with multiple centers of semiautonomous decision making. If the decision-making centers take each other into account in competitive and cooperative relationships and have recourse to conflict resolution mechanisms, they may be regarded as a polycentric governance system. In the context of natural resource governance, commons scholars have ascribed a number of advantages to polycentric governance systems, most notably enhanced adaptive capacity, provision of good institutional fit for natural resource systems, and mitigation of risk on account of redundant governance actors and institutions. Despite the popularity of the concept, systematic development of polycentricity, including its posited advantages, is lacking in the commons literature. To build greater clarity and specificity around the concept, we develop a theoretical model of a polycentric governance system with a focus on the features necessary or conducive for achieving the functioning predicted by commons scholars. The model is comprised of attributes, which constitute the definitional elements, and enabling conditions, which specify additional institutional features for achieving functionality in the commons. The model we propose takes the concept a step further toward specificity without sacrificing the generality necessary for contextual application and further development. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1111/psj.12212 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 927 EP - 952 LA - en SN - 1541-0072 ST - Polycentric Systems of Governance UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/psj.12212 Y2 - 2022/05/04/08:47:12 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Scale Up Sourcebook AU - Cooley, Larry AU - Howard, Julie AB - The Scale Up Sourcebook is informed and inspired by the September 2018 conference, Innovations in Agriculture: Scaling Up to Reach Millions, organized by Purdue University, in partnership with the African Development Bank. The Sourcebook consolidates, extends, and disseminates some of the scaling insights presented at the Purdue conference. It is intended as an easy-to-use guidebook targeted to a broad and diverse audience of stakeholders associated with scaling agricultural technologies and innovations to meet the needs of the world’s poor. The Sourcebook has nine chapters: designing with scale in mind; assessing scalability; using commercial markets to drive scaling; financing the transition to scale; creating an enabling environment for scale; tailoring metrics, monitoring, and evaluation to support sustainable outcomes at scale; and the critical role of intermediary and donor organizations. The Sourcebook provides guidance, tips, and examples, along with links and references to additional resources on scale up. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Purdue University ER - TY - RPRT TI - Inclusive Social Accountability AU - Counterpart International AB - Counterpart International’s Inclusive Social Accountability (ISA) developmental framework integrates elements of social inclusion and community accountability into one comprehensive approach. CY - Arlington, VA DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 16 LA - en PB - Counterpart International ER - TY - JOUR TI - Large-Scale Transdisciplinary Collaboration for Adaptation Research: Challenges and Insights AU - Cundill, Georgina AU - Harvey, Blane AU - Tebboth, Mark AU - Cochrane, Logan AU - Currie‐Alder, Bruce AU - Vincent, Katharine AU - Lawn, Jon AU - Nicholls, Robert J. AU - Scodanibbio, Lucia AU - Prakash, Anjal AU - New, Mark AU - Wester, Philippus AU - Leone, Michele AU - Morchain, Daniel AU - Ludi, Eva AU - DeMaria‐Kinney, Jesse AU - Khan, Ahmed AU - Landry, Marie-Eve T2 - Global Challenges AB - An increasing number of research programs seek to support adaptation to climate change through the engagement of large-scale transdisciplinary networks that span countries and continents. While transdisciplinary research processes have been a topic of reflection, practice, and refinement for some time, these trends now mean that the global change research community needs to reflect and learn how to pursue collaborative research on a large scale. This paper shares insights from a seven-year climate change adaptation research program that supports collaboration between more than 450 researchers and practitioners across four consortia and 17 countries. The experience confirms the importance of attention to careful design for transdisciplinary collaboration, but also highlights that this alone is not enough. The success of well-designed transdisciplinary research processes is also strongly influenced by relational and systemic features of collaborative relationships. Relational features include interpersonal trust, mutual respect, and leadership styles, while systemic features include legal partnership agreements, power asymmetries between partners, and institutional values and cultures. In the new arena of large-scale collaborative science efforts, enablers of transdisciplinary collaboration include dedicated project coordinators, leaders at multiple levels, and the availability of small amounts of flexible funds to enable nimble responses to opportunities and unexpected collaborations. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1002/gch2.201700132 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 1700132 LA - en SN - 2056-6646 ST - Large-Scale Transdisciplinary Collaboration for Adaptation Research UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gch2.201700132 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:42:34 KW - Climate change KW - collaboration KW - transdisciplinarity ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pocket Guide to Systems Wayfinding AU - Davidson, Seanna DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - The Systems School UR - https://www.the-systems-school.org/resources ER - TY - COMP TI - EvalC3 AU - Davies, Rick AB - Tools for developing, exploring and evaluating predictive models of expected outcomes DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 ET - 2.3.39 UR - https://evalc3.net/ Y2 - 2017/05/25/19:31:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID Smart Rules: Better Programme Delivery - version X (2019.01) AU - DFID CY - London DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - DFID ST - DFID Smart Rules UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/779532/Smart-Rules-External-Jan19.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Breaking the Mould: Alternative approaches to monitoring and evaluation AU - Dillon, Neil AB - This paper looks at a range of M&E innovations that are designed specifically to provide input to ongoing iterative decision-making and learning at the project level. It identifies three key areas for potential innovation: 1) timing of M&E data provision; 2) flexibility of M&E frameworks to evolve with programme change; and 3) approaches to integrate diverse perspectives on project implementation in a meaningful way. It then looks at a collection of approaches currently being used in each of these three areas through a series of ‘practice examples’, considering the key lessons learned. Finally, the paper discusses the major opportunities and challenges for applying and scaling up the use of these approaches inside the humanitarian sector. CY - London DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - ALNAP UR - https://reliefweb.int/report/world/breaking-mould-alternative-approaches-monitoring-and-evaluation Y2 - 2023/10/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Back to the Drawing Board: How to improve monitoring of outcomes AU - Dillon, Neil AU - Sundberg, Amelie T2 - ALNAP Paper CY - London DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 43 LA - en PB - ODI/ALNAP ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards an evidence base on the value of social learning-oriented approaches in the context of climate change and food security AU - Epp, Marissa Van AU - Garside, Ben T2 - Environmental Policy and Governance AB - Attention to social learning's potential to improve development outcomes in the context of climate change and food security challenges is growing. Yet evidence supporting the wide range of assertions about the outcomes of social learning processes is insufficient. More work is needed to understand when and how a social learning-oriented approach is effective. We respond to the gap in evidence by piloting the Climate Change and Social Learning initiative's monitoring and evaluation framework for social learning. Our objectives are to begin building an evidence base and to test the theory of change behind the framework. Using a peer-assist approach, we apply the framework to eight case studies in partnership with five initiatives. We analyse trends in evidence gathered across the case studies in four dimensions of social learning (engagement, iterative learning, capacity development, and challenging institutions) along three dimensions of change (process, learning outcomes, and changes in values and practice). DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1002/eet.1835 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 118 EP - 131 LA - en SN - 1756-9338 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1835 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:23:43 KW - Climate change adaptation KW - Monitoring and Evaluation KW - Social learning KW - food security ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban climate change adaptation as social learning: Exploring the process and politics AU - Fisher, Susannah AU - Dodman, David T2 - Environmental Policy and Governance AB - Responses to climate change that build on adaptive natural resource management conceptualise social learning processes as having the potential to form a key component of climate adaptation. Social learning processes represent a way of managing the inherent uncertainties and interconnectedness of adaptation issues through ongoing learning, iterative reflection, and change of responses over time. Although the theoretical case is emerging for social learning as adaptation, there is limited empirical evidence of how these processes play out as local governments engage in urban adaptation planning. This paper starts to address this gap by examining social learning processes in two cities in India. We show how the social learning processes interact with complex governance contexts in the two cities and how evidence of outcomes is emerging across individuals, networks, and systems. We go on to argue that there are several areas of social learning that need further theorisation to support its application in the urban context. First, theories of social learning need to allow for unequal power relationships to continue to shape learning processes and take into account structural and historical dynamics as well as relational forms of power. Second, the way that scale is understood needs to be reopened as a point of analysis to understand how scalar concepts are used by actors to frame and locate problems and solutions rather than being understood as fixed and immutable. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1002/eet.1851 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 29 IS - 3 LA - en SN - 1756-9338 ST - Urban climate change adaptation as social learning UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1851 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:55:15 KW - Climate change KW - India KW - Social learning KW - governance KW - urban planning ER - TY - RPRT TI - Empowerment and Accountability in difficult settings: What are we learning? AU - Gaventa, John AU - Oswald, Katy T2 - Key messages emerging from theAction for Empowerment and Accountability Programme AB - Empowerment and Accountability in Difficult Settings: What Are We Learning? Key Messages Emerging from the Action for Empowerment and Accountability Programme Empowerment and accountability have long been part of the international development vocabulary and a core part of governance, social development and civil society programmes. Yet, much of what has been learnt about these approaches has been drawn from studies in somewhat stable, open and middle-income places around the world. Less is known about how empowerment and accountability are achieved through social and political action in more difficult settings – those faced by institutional fragility, conflict, violence, and closing civic space. This document highlights key messages emerging from the work of the Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme (A4EA), and the implications for how donors, policy makers and practitioners support strategies for empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings (FCVAS). Our eight key messages have strong implications for the theories of change used for effective programming in the field. CY - Brighton DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS ST - Empowerment and Accountability in Difficult Settings UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/14756 Y2 - 2019/12/19/10:25:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Management Practice in the UK Government - The MUVA case AU - HLS AB - Case study about the MUVA programme in Mozambique. (Maybe it "misses the point of AP which is not learning for learning. Is learning for impact. The word impact doesn’t even come up once!") Adaptive Management programming within the Foreign & Commonwealth Development Office demonstrates that the UK Government has examples of optimising for learning within its existing management practice. However, currently, the adaptive management practices are unhelpfully framed by an approach which limits both their effectiveness and scope. The programmes use learning as their metastrategy. They succeed in connecting practicebased learning with strategic learning, and make a shift towards reframing accountability as accountability for learning. This learning strategy is enabled by funding and contract management arrangements which prioritise learning. Both at macro-level of programme management and micro level of de-risking experimentation and enabling necessary failure by decoupling people’s job security from potential failure. CY - London DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Human Learning Systems UR - https://www.humanlearning.systems/uploads/7685 CPI - FCDO case study V2- TL proof read version.pdf Y2 - 2024/01/29/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - When Reporting Undermines Performance: The Costs of Politically Constrained Organizational Autonomy in Foreign Aid Implementation AU - Honig, Daniel T2 - International Organization DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 VL - 2019 IS - winter UR - https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/79440b61-e70b-4220-b67f-e5edb0157a24/downloads/1c56piqgv_347672.pdf Y2 - 2018/02/16/08:11:02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and Result Measurement for Adaptive Programming - How to Use Data to Manage a MSD Program: Lessons from PRISMA AU - Khan, Khaled AU - Seely, Kevin AU - Ridwan, Mustika AU - Mulya, Bodhiya AB - Using monitoring data to improve interventions is harder than it seems. Decision-makers are often busy implementing activities, unclear about their roles in data collection and analysis, and uncertain what data matters most or when. PRISMA, an AUD77 million agricultural Market Systems Development (MSD) programme funded by DFAT Australia, has encountered these challenges. With the programme completing its first five year phase, this case study shares ten key lessons divided into three sections: shaping the culture, developing systems, and top management decisions. These lessons aim to help program, sector and intervention managers make better use of monitoring data to improve interventions. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - PRISMA UR - https://aip-prisma.or.id/data/public/uploaded_file/05_Monitoring%20and%20Result%20Measurement%20for%20Adaptive%20Programming%20-%20How%20to%20Use%20Data%20to%20Manage%20a%20MSD%20Program%20-%20Lessons%20from%20PRISMA.pdf Y2 - 2020/02/14/12:40:55 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Joint Programming in Conflict-Affected and Fragile States AU - Koenig, Sibylle AU - Brusset, Emery AB - On the Joint Programming Practices from the EU in fragile settings CY - Brussels DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero SP - 43 LA - en PB - Joint Programming - EU ER - TY - JOUR TI - Community-based monitoring of Indigenous food security in a changing climate: Global trends and future directions AU - Lam, Steven AU - Dodd, Warren AU - Skinner, Kelly AU - Papadopoulos, Andrew AU - Zivot, Chloe AU - Ford, James AU - Garcia, Patricia J. AU - Team, IHACC Research AU - Harper, Sherilee L. T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Climate change is expected to exacerbate existing food security challenges, especially in Indigenous communities worldwide. Community-based monitoring is considered a promising strategy to improve monitoring of, and local adaptation to climatic and environmental change. Yet, it is unclear how this approach can be applied in food security or Indigenous contexts. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) review and synthesize the published literature on community-based monitoring of Indigenous food security; and, 2) identify gaps and trends in these monitoring efforts in the context of climate change. Using a systematic search and screening process, we identified 86 published articles. To be included, articles had to be published in a journal, describe a community-based monitoring system, describe any aspect of food security, and explicitly mention an Indigenous community. Relevant articles were thematically analyzed to characterize elements of community-based monitoring in the context of climate change. Results show that the number of articles published over time was steady and increased more than two-fold within the last five years. The reviewed articles reported on monitoring mainly in North America (37%) and South America (28%). In general, monitoring was either collaborative with local communities (51%) or externally-driven (37%), and focused primarily on tracking wildlife (29%), followed by natural resources (16%), environmental change (15%), fisheries (13%), climate change (9%), or some combination of these topics (18%). This review provides an evidence-base on the uses, characteristics, and opportunities of community-based monitoring, to guide future food security monitoring efforts in the context of climate change. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab13e4 DP - Institute of Physics J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. LA - en SN - 1748-9326 ST - Community-based monitoring of Indigenous food security in a changing climate UR - http://iopscience.iop.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab13e4 Y2 - 2019/05/04/03:16:57 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Supporting users with the OutNav approash AU - Matter of Focus AB - This report has been generated in OutNav, using the theory-based approach to evaluation pioneered by Matter of Focus. Example of a report from the tool, explaining OutNav approach DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 LA - en UR - https://www.outnav.net/view-live-report/g/nlzyexVgPgXqtvgKvfBf2wJvIjw5syiM#findings-pathway-406-stone-4583 Y2 - 2021/02/18/14:20:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Thinking and Working Politically: Learning from practice. Overview to Special Issue AU - McCulloch, Neil AU - Piron, Laure-Hélène T2 - Development Policy Review AB - Over the last 15 years, a set of ideas now referred to as “thinking and working politically” (TWP) has coalesced into a “second orthodoxy” about how to take context into account when implementing development interventions. This approach stresses the importance of obtaining a better understanding of the local context (“thinking politically”) in order to support local actors to bring about sustainable developmental change (“working politically”). However, the evidence base to justify this new approach remains thin, despite a growing number of programmes which purport to be implementing it. Officials in development agencies struggle with putting it into practice and it is unclear how TWP differs—or not—from similar approaches, such as Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) and Doing Development Differently (DDD). This Special Issue sheds light on what TWP means in practice by examining a set of initiatives undertaken by both development partners and government departments in Nigeria, the Occupied Palestinian Territories, China and India. This overview article outlines, in brief, each of the Special Issue's four papers and then draws out five lessons—for funders and for practitioners—from across all the papers. Our five lessons are: (1) the fundamental importance of undertaking political economy analysis (PEA) to adapt programmes to their contexts; (2) the importance of having a realistic level of ambition for interventions; (3) the need to support local ownership—not just “agreement ownership” (between a donor agency and government) or local “management ownership” of the programme, but critically “driver ownership” by generating trust with the key local actors driving change; (4) the need for a more effective set of tools for measuring results in complex programmes that attempt to achieve improvements in long-run governance; and, (5) that although the political economy of donors is often seen as a barrier to applying TWP, the articles show how much can be done with a TWP approach if the analysis takes into account the political economy of donors as well as that of the local context. We conclude with a set of operational recommendations for donors and implementors, as well as suggestions of avenues for further research. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1111/dpr.12439 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 37 IS - S1 SP - O1 EP - O15 LA - en SN - 1467-7679 ST - Thinking and Working Politically UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dpr.12439 Y2 - 2020/08/13/10:51:06 KW - Adaptation KW - Development programmes KW - Political economy analysis KW - Reform space KW - thinking and working politically ER - TY - RPRT TI - DAC Peer Review of Switzerland - 2019 AU - OECD DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Crossref LA - en PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/peer-reviews/Switzerland-2019-Memorandum.pdf Y2 - 2019/08/20/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Evaluation of development programmes - OECD AU - OECD AB - Data & research on evaluation of development programmes inc. paris declaration, budget support, multilateral effectiveness, impact evaluation, joint evaluations, governance, aid for trade DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/ Y2 - 2019/11/27/11:59:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Planning & Navigating Social Change - Tools for Pacific voyagers AU - Orr, Douglas Epeli AU - Cavatore, Maria AU - Aston, Tom AB - Those working to advance social change in the Pacific must understand, work with and respond to the complex and changing relationships and dynamics of power that exist within such networks, and situate their work in the context of decolonisation and self-determination. But the approaches typically used by NGOs to plan our projects and programs have failed to give due attention to these dynamics. The result is that our projects fall short of achieving their promise, despite being technically sound and logical. In this guide, we aim to provide a process and tools that prioritise and draw out the rich, often implicit, knowledge that Pacific Islanders have about our contexts to plan and manage social change initiatives in a manner that values and responds to this ocean of relationships. Drawing from these relationship-based and voyaging traditions, we emphasise the need to: • frame change in terms of change in people; e.g. change in the situation of groups of people and change in terms of the actions of people; • identify a course towards a particular ‘change destination’; • identify the signs to read that will help you determine where you are on that course; • be constantly attentive to the context as you make the journey, and • be ready to adjust your course in response to changes in your context. To support this way of working, we have selected a number of tools from approaches that we believe fit. In particular, we have drawn from the following approaches: • Thinking and Working Politically and other ‘politically aware’ approaches that recognise that the success of a development initiative will be determined by the interplay of relationships of power within a particular context, not just by having the right technical solution; • Outcome mapping because of its focus on people and relationships, and on identifying and supporting needed changes in the behaviour of specific actors in relation to others. This is key, because it’s individuals who deliver services, individuals who decide whether to allocate budget and resources to address a problem, and individuals who make the choice to believe whether a service is relevant to solving their issues; • Adaptive management because of its recognition that development initiatives take place within complex and changing systems and need to adjust to these and that this requires ongoing learning and adaptation. CY - Fiji DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Oxfam UR - https://www.pasifikarising.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Navigating-Social-Change_FINAL_web_250919.pdf Y2 - 2020/02/06/09:07:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring And Evaluation Tools and Approaches to Support Adaptive Management AU - Pasanen, Tiina DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - GLAM ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Rapid Evaluation, Action, and Learning (REAL) Approach: A toolkit to measure and refine changes and interventions in health campaigns AU - PATH AB - Evaluative Tools for Improving Campaign Effectiveness Public health campaigns aim to control disease or deliver essential health services and products through time-limited and periodic channels. Many countries use campaigns to augment or replace routine service delivery, to target certain populations, or to accelerate progress towards coverage targets. The Root Cause Analysis and Rapid Evaluation, Action, and Learning toolkits present a systematic but flexible approach to identifying the root causes of campaign bottlenecks and then designing, testing, and refining solutions to optimize potential impact. These toolkits respond to a growing need for “fit-for-purpose” rapid-testing, adaptive learning approaches to evaluation and the need for a culture shift toward iterative adaptation and improvement that integrates measurement and evidence-informed decision-making into daily practice. The comprehensive package of toolkits, in addition to the individual Root Cause Analysis toolkit and Rapid Evaluation, Action, and Learning toolkit are available below. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - PATH UR - https://media.path.org/documents/RapidTestingProtocol_Toolkit02.pdf Y2 - 2023/11/15/10:49:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identifying general trends and patterns in complex systems research: An overview of theoretical and practical implications AU - Preiser, Rika T2 - Systems Research and Behavioral Science AB - Research on complex systems is becoming more prolific, and there is a need to provide some point of orientation to researchers and practitioners that are drawing on the body of literature that informs the field of complexity research. In this paper, I aim to give an overview of the development of the field and offer some overarching trends and patterns that are recognizable in research on complex systems. The paper then draws on the work to provide six organizing principles of complex systems to inform practical implications and methods for studying and understanding complex systems. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2619 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 36 IS - 5 SP - 706 EP - 714 LA - en SN - 1099-1743 ST - Identifying general trends and patterns in complex systems research UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sres.2619 Y2 - 2021/06/04/11:11:31 KW - complex systems KW - heuristics KW - trends and patterns ER - TY - JOUR TI - Defining and using evidence in conservation practice AU - Salafsky, Nick AU - Boshoven, Judith AU - Burivalova, Zuzana AU - Dubois, Natalie S. AU - Gomez, Andres AU - Johnson, Arlyne AU - Lee, Aileen AU - Margoluis, Richard AU - Morrison, John AU - Muir, Matthew AU - Pratt, Stephen C. AU - Pullin, Andrew S. AU - Salzer, Daniel AU - Stewart, Annette AU - Sutherland, William J. AU - Wordley, Claire F. R. T2 - Conservation Science and Practice AB - There is growing interest in evidence-based conservation, yet there are no widely accepted standard definitions of evidence, let alone guidance on how to use it in the context of conservation and natural resource management practice. In this paper, we first draw on insights of evidence-based practice from different disciplines to define evidence as being the “relevant information used to assess one or more hypotheses related to a question of interest.” We then construct a typology of different kinds of information, hypotheses, and evidence and show how these different types can be used in different steps of conservation practice. In particular, we distinguish between specific evidence used to assess project hypotheses and generic evidence used to assess generic hypotheses. We next build on this typology to develop a decision tree to support practitioners in how to appropriately use available specific and generic evidence in a given conservation situation. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how to better promote and enable evidence-based conservation in both projects and across the discipline of conservation. Our hope is that by understanding and using evidence better, conservation can both become more effective and attract increased support from society. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1111/csp2.27 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 1 IS - 5 SP - e27 LA - en SN - 2578-4854 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/csp2.27 Y2 - 2019/06/19/11:20:05 KW - Adaptive Management KW - Evidence-based conservation KW - Evidence-based practice KW - Natural resource management KW - Project management KW - biodiversity KW - environmental evidence ER - TY - RPRT TI - What is Uncertainty and Why Does it Matter? AU - Scoones, Ian T2 - STEPS Working Paper 105 AB - Uncertainty defines our times. Whether it is in relation to climate change, disease outbreaks, financial volatility, natural disasters or political settlements, every media headline seems to assert that things are uncertain, and increasingly so. Uncertainty, where we do not know the probabilities of either likelihoods or outcomes, is different to risk, the implications of which are explored in this paper through five different ways of thinking about uncertainty, derived from highly diverse literatures encompassing societal, political, cultural, practice and individual perspectives. The paper continues by examining how these perspectives relate to four domains: finance and banking; critical infrastructures; disease outbreaks and climate change; natural hazards and disasters. Reflecting on these experiences, the paper argues that embracing uncertainty raises some fundamental challenges. It means questioning simple, linear perspectives on modernity and progress. It means rethinking expertise and including diverse knowledges in deliberations about the future. It means understanding how uncertainties emerge in social, political and economic contexts, and how uncertainties affect different people, depending on class, gender, race, age and other dimensions of social difference. And, if uncertainty is not reducible to probabilistic risk, it means a radically different approach to governance; one that rejects control-oriented, technocratic approaches in favour of more tentative, adaptive, hopeful and caring responses. The paper concludes by asking whether we can learn from those who live with and from uncertainty – including pastoralists in marginal settings – as part of a wider conversation about embracing uncertainties to meet the challenges of our turbulent world. CY - Brighton DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - STEPS centre UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14470 Y2 - 2019/05/15/13:48:06 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing and Adapting a development program: Lessons from PRISMA AU - Seely, Kevin AB - This case study is part of the AIP-Rural Learning Series. Funders and implementers of international development programs largely agree that adaptive management is industry best practice. Most development experts also broadly agree on what ‘adaptive management’ means. In this case study, we use a common definition of ‘adaptive management’, including the following features: Flexibility. Implementers create, modify and drop interventions when circumstances change or new information emerges, in order to tailor strategies to context and maximise impact. Purposeful experimentation. Implementers test different activities at the same time, monitoring them to learn what will achieve the desired impact. Since 2015, the number of publications calling for and praising adaptive management in development programs has grown fast. These publications give us an idea of the state of adaptive management in development programs. They reveal progress in some areas, such as tailoring interventions to local context and using evidence for decision-making. Yet they also reveal multiple, ongoing, real-world constraints to adaptive management. This case study explores how one development program, PRISMA, has avoided and overcome some of these constraints, whilst continuing to battle others. Four major constraints revealed in the adaptive management literature are discussed in this case study: Programs are designed in ways that make it hard to adapt interventions, target regions or sectors based on new learning or changing circumstances. Programs struggle to create an organisational culture that encourages learning and adapting. When staffing programs, recruiters prioritise sectoral expertise and length of experience over adaptive managerial competence. Program managers face pressures to spend their budgets predictably and before their program ends. Learning and testing take time and cost little, so managers feel pressure to deprioritise them. The first of these constraints is explored in the next section, ‘Design’, which looks at how the selection of target sectors and performance targets affects PRISMA implementers’ ability to manage adaptively. The third section, ‘Organisational Culture’, shares lessons on encouraging staff to test and improve interventions. Section 4, ‘Staffing’, looks at hiring adaptive managers, and freeing up their time to improve interventions. The final section summarises this case study’s key lessons. Throughout this paper, findings are based on 16 in-depth interviews with PRISMA’s junior, mid-level and senior staff, and its funders. To contextualise these findings, the authors reviewed the ‘adaptive management’ literature, and drew on their experience with development programs worldwide. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - PRISMA UR - https://www.springfieldcentre.com/managing-and-adapting-a-development-program-lessons-from-prisma Y2 - 2020/07/15/15:23:12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Agile distributed software development in nine Central European teams: challenges, benefits and recommendations AU - Stadler, Manuel AU - Vallon, Raoul AU - Pazderka, Martin AU - Grechenig, Thomas T2 - Information Technology DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - Zotero VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 18 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing adaptive management at Sida AU - Tim Ruffer AU - Helen Bailey AU - Stefan Dahlgren AU - Patrick Spaven AU - Mark Winters T2 - Evaluation Brief AB - Lessons from the market systems development approach The evaluation focuses on Sida’s management of MSD projects. The projects are applying the MSD approach with an aim to: - contribute to improved MSD programming by Sida through better management practices across the project cycle - generate recommendations on how Sida can create conducive conditions for systems approaches and adaptive programming more generally. The brief assesses Sida’s organisational capacity for adaptive management in three dimensions: - leadership and culture - staff capacities - skills, and systems and procedures DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 LA - en PB - SIDA UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/1413/ Y2 - 2022/07/01/11:12:04 ER - TY - BLOG TI - How should donors manage adaptively? Market Systems Development as a case study. AU - Itad T2 - Itad AB - Itad has recently completed a strategic evaluation for Sida to help them work through how they can best manage programmes that are adaptive and apply systems approaches - the conclusions from the evaluation about what funders need to do to manage adaptively are of broader relevance. DA - 2018/12/20/T10:52:27+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US ST - How should donors manage adaptively? UR - https://www.itad.com/how-should-donors-manage-adaptively-market-systems-development-as-a-case-study/ Y2 - 2019/01/08/12:25:21 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Working the System: What We’ve Learned About Strengthening Accountability AU - Nugent, Sarah T2 - Chemonics International AB - When designing a new project, how often do we set out to strengthen a particular actor’s or institution’s ability to “hold government to account?” What does that mean exactly? Maybe the better question to ask is: what is the most effective way to strengthen accountability in our development work? And then, what does it look … DA - 2018/12/20/T14:15:09+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US ST - Working the System UR - https://www.chemonics.com/blog/working-the-system-what-weve-learned-about-strengthening-accountability/ Y2 - 2019/04/08/18:57:43 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Debiasing: a systematic discipline and delight for development professionals AU - Chambers, Robert T2 - Institute of Development Studies AB - Do we really need debiasing, yet another word?  Yes, unless anyone can improve on it, because we need a word to describe a rigorous discipline we development professionals need for grounded realism. This has been coming on me slowly. But now explorations and ‘aha!’ moments in India have accumulated and combined into an epiphany.  For […] DA - 2018/12/18/T15:17:36+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-GB ST - Debiasing UR - https://www.ids.ac.uk/opinions/debiasing-a-systematic-discipline-and-delight-for-development-professionals/ Y2 - 2020/10/16/14:06:20 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Transformative Networks Are Multiscalar AU - Holley, June T2 - NetworkWeaver AB - This is an excerpt from the Network Weaver Handbook. I’ll be writing an update with my latest research and thinking on the topic in the coming weeks so stay tuned!     June Holley How does tr… DA - 2018/12/18/T17:10:26+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - https://networkweaver.com/transformative-networks-are-multiscalar/ Y2 - 2018/12/19/12:59:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Was bedeutet “Staying Engaged” im Kontext der aktuellen Krise in Nicaragua? Überlegungen und Strategien der ALAK (Internal memo) AU - SDC AB - «Mitigation» (im Sinne von Notlinderung) und «Transformation» sind die zwei Schlagworte, an welchen sich die Neuausrichtung des Portfolios in Nicaragua über die nächsten Monate orientieren wird. Ziel ist es, dass die Schweiz ihr über die letzten Jahrzehnte akquiriertes politisches Kapital und ihre Expertise nutzt, um zu einer Linderung der Auswirkung der Krise für die Bevölkerung beizutragen und mithilft die Grundlagen für eine Transformation der politischen Kultur und eine langfristig angelegte Demokratisierung zu schaffen. DA - 2018/12/13/ PY - 2018 PB - SDC ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Development Differently in the Global South - Workshop Report AU - CARE CY - Nairobi DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 PB - CARE and British Council UR - https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/media/k2/attachments/CARE_British-Council_DDD-workshop-report-Dec-2018.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/01/10:14:20 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Seeking balanced ownership in changing development cooperation relationships AU - Keijzer, Niels AU - Klingebiel, Stephan AU - Örnemark, Charlotte AU - Scholtes, Fabian T2 - Rapport 2018:08 AB - According to the Paris Declaration and the 2030 Agenda, ownership is a prerequisite for effective development cooperation. How can the principle of ownership be promoted in today’s complex development cooperation, in which the numbers of actors have increased? This is the subject of the Expert Group for Aid Studies report Seeking balanced ownership in changing development cooperation relationships. The report contains two country case studies – on Liberia and Rwanda – as well as interviews with the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and studies on documents concerning ownership in a Swedish development cooperation context. The authors note that ownership remains relevant as a guiding principle in international development cooperation. The trend from country-to-country cooperation to various forms of support through UN bodies and specialised global funds has created new conditions and competing interests for ownership. An understanding of ownership and how it can be promoted in the complex reality of today needs to be thoroughly re-examined. The study recommends the following: 1. Starting a discussion within the OECD-DAC on effective development cooperation that has global ownership right up to the end of the process. 2. Establishing an international code of conduct in accordance with agreed ownership principles concerning development cooperation funding to and via UN bodies and global funds. 3. Sweden should formulate an explicit policy and approach for how to promote ownership in development cooperation that includes numerous partners. CY - Stockholm DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 207 LA - en PB - Expert Group for Aid Studies UR - https://eba.se/en/rapporter/seeking-balanced-ownership-in-changing-development-cooperation-relationships/9267/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Modern Slavery Prevention and Responses in South Asia: An Evidence Map AU - Oosterhoff, Pauline AU - Yunus, Raudah AU - Jensen, Charity AU - Somerwell, Francis AU - Pocock, Nicola AB - The Asia Pacific region has the highest numbers of both slavery and child labour victims in the world. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that 16.5 million and 8.4 million persons were in situations of forced labour and forced marriage respectively in Asia Pacific, among 40.3 million in modern slavery globally (ILO & Walk Free Foundation 2017). Although there is a growing body of research and evaluations on specific sub-sectors and interest in the worst forms of labour exploitation, there has not yet been a systematic scoping or synthesis of studies that would help policymakers understand ‘what works’ to reduce the prevalence of “Modern Slavery”2(MS) in the countries of interest to DFID (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan). India alone is estimated to have the largest number of people in modern slavery in the world with nearly 8 million persons living in modern slavery, followed by 3.2 million, 592,000 and 171,000 in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal respectively (Walk Free Foundation 2018). While systematic reviews on interventions to reduce prevalence of trafficking, forced or bonded labour or slavery exist, these have not focused on the target countries of interest to DFID. Previous systematic reviews have focussed on particular types of MS, such as cross border sexual exploitation globally (van der Laan et al. 2011), labour exploitation in Europe (Cockbain et al. 2018) or community based interventions for safer migration programming in low and middle income countries (LMICs) (Zimmerman et al. 2016). Several systematic reviews focus specifically on health needs and post-trafficking care or interventions (Ottisova et al. 2016; Muraya & Fry 2016; Hemmings et al. 2016; Dell et al. 2017), and research methods and tools used in trafficking in persons (TIP) and health research (Cannon et al. 2018; Doherty et al. 2016). A recent global review and evidence map of MS interventions found some interventions in the target countries, but the outcomes were not specified (Bryant & Joudo 2018). In this Evidence Map, we address this gap in evidence for India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan specifically, scoping the range of Modern Slavery interventions and outcomes for specific target populations (survivors, employers, landlords, services providers, criminal justice officials) and at different levels (individual, community, state). This map is foremost targeted to DFID and its partners in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan to inform evidence-based policy making. We hope that it is also useful to academics and practitioners working to address modern slavery, or in intervention areas or locations described. CY - London DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 PB - DFID UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c0e42f7ed915d0c736a1e2e/MS_Evidence_Map_Report__final_.pdf Y2 - 2023/10/26/09:07:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation of the market systems development approach: Lessons for expanded use and adaptive management at Sida Volume I: Evaluation Report AU - Ruffer, Tim AU - Bailey, Helen AU - Dahlgren, Stefan AU - Spaven, Patrick AU - Winters, Mark T2 - Evaluation of the market systems development approach AB - This report presents the findings of an evaluation of Sida’s management of the market systems development (MSD) approach. It aims to inform thinking on how Sida can best manage its growing portfolio of MSD programs. Beyond this, it provides insights relevant to Sida’s wider support to complex and adaptive programs. The evaluation identified several factors that affect Sida’s ability to ensure that conducive conditions are in place for effective MSD programs and good development programming more generally. Sida’s relatively flexible framework of rules, guidelines and systems for project management provide the space needed for staff to innovate and manage adaptively. But for this to happen consistently and effectively, Sida needs to invest more deliberately in building the capacity of its staff in relevant areas. In addition, leadership and incentives are key to shaping a culture of active experimentation and learning. This needs to be supported with clearer guidance for those involved in the design and appraisal of MSD projects; and strengthened oversight of project performance, including through adjustments to Sida’s contracts and funding agreements. CY - Stockholm DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 PB - Sida UR - https://www.sida.se/contentassets/bfe15e8902fa4dbb864bd478c2f14df1/2018_2a_evaluation_market_systems_dev_approach_vol-1.pdf Y2 - 2019/01/08/12:11:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation of the market systems development approach: Lessons for expanded use and adaptive management at Sida Volume II: Case studies AU - Ruffer, Tim AU - Bailey, Helen AU - Dahlgren, Stefan AU - Spaven, Patrick AU - Winters, Mark T2 - Evaluation of the market systems development approach AB - This report presents the findings of an evaluation of Sida’s management of the market systems development (MSD) approach. It aims to inform thinking on how Sida can best manage its growing portfolio of MSD programs. Beyond this, it provides insights relevant to Sida’s wider support to complex and adaptive programs. The evaluation identified several factors that affect Sida’s ability to ensure that conducive conditions are in place for effective MSD programs and good development programming more generally. Sida’s relatively flexible framework of rules, guidelines and systems for project management provide the space needed for staff to innovate and manage adaptively. But for this to happen consistently and effectively, Sida needs to invest more deliberately in building the capacity of its staff in relevant areas. In addition, leadership and incentives are key to shaping a culture of active experimentation and learning. This needs to be supported with clearer guidance for those involved in the design and appraisal of MSD projects; and strengthened oversight of project performance, including through adjustments to Sida’s contracts and funding agreements. CY - Stockholm DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 PB - Sida UR - https://www.sida.se/contentassets/bfe15e8902fa4dbb864bd478c2f14df1/2018_2a_evaluation_market_systems_dev_approach_vol-1.pdf Y2 - 2019/01/08/12:11:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Volume 3: Participatory Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning in Complex Adaptive Environments AU - SACE AB - This volume is the last in a series of papers about systems approaches in complex environments, which includes the use of the collective impact model to address large-scale social problems, and the application of participant-driven MEL techniques across 17 networks of civil society organizations. It is based on the experiences of Root Change and Chemonics, two development partners working on a USAID civic engagement project in Nigeria (2013-2018), as well as hundreds of civil society organization partners. This is the final paper in the series and aims to highlight how the adaptation of participatory monitoring, evaluation, and learning techniques (e.g., most significant change, outcome mapping, and outcome harvesting) evolved and ultimately empowered cluster members. The first paper in the series presented a brief introduction to systems approaches in advocacy settings, the SACE theory of change, and the scope of Root Change’s work as technical lead on capacity building and measurement. The second volume aims to address the innovative use of the advocacy strategy matrix, adapted from work by the Center for Evaluation Innovation, for collective impact and the Collective Impact Model, an approach that engages multiple players in working together to solve complex social problems. DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 PB - SACE Program UR - https://www.rootchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SACE-Legacy-Volume-3-Branded.pdf Y2 - 2020/02/14/12:19:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Acquisition and Assistance Strategy - USAID AB - The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) of tomorrow is one in which the Agency enables partner countries to plan, resource, and manage their own development through strengthened capacity and commitment — this is the essence of the Journey to Self-Reliance. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2018, the Agency obligated over 80 percent of its programmatic funding — a total of $17 billion — through acquisition and assistance (A&A) mechanisms. Partnering and procurement are central to how we do our work. Therefore, we must think holistically about with whom we work and how we work, if we are to achieve our ambitious goals for the USAID of tomorrow. The purpose of this document is to provide a transparent strategy that guides changes to Agency policy and practice for both our staff and implementing partners in how we approach our core A&A work. This strategy, which builds on previous and current reform efforts, outlines the shifts we will make to embrace a self-reliance model for A&A and move concretely toward the goal of ending the need for foreign assistance. GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF PARTNERING AT USAID USAID’s partnering approaches have evolved significantly over time as we have tested new and innovative ways of working. The principles outlined below support the Journey to Self-Reliance by empowering our staff and partners to produce results-driven solutions responsive to partner country needs and priorities — building capacity and commitment based on creative and entrepreneurial approaches that have already begun to develop. The Agency must move beyond our traditional approaches to embrace greater collaboration, co-design, and co-financing to improve upon our models of partnering. DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - USAID UR - http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/disasterrelief/n303.xml Y2 - 2020/10/15/13:51:03 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Programming in Fragile, Conflict and Violence-Affected Settings, What Works and Under What Conditions?: The Case of PERL, Nigeria AU - Punton, Melanie AU - Burge, Richard T2 - Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme AB - This paper examines adaptive approaches to aid programming in Nigeria. Through field research and desk reviews, we have investigated some of the assertions around the ‘adaptive management and programming’ approach, which has arisen in recent years as a response to critiques of overly rigid, pre-designed, blueprint and linear project plans. This is the second of three case studies in a series which explore if and how adaptive approaches, including rapid learning and planning responses, are particularly relevant and useful for promoting empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS). This case study focuses on PERL (Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn) in Nigeria, a five-year governance programme (2016-21) with a total budget of £100 million. It aims to promote better service delivery through bringing together government and citizens groups to collectively address governance challenges. PERL is viewed by DFID as the final stage of a 20-year investment, building on learning, experience and partnerships from 15 years of DFID-funded governance programming in Nigeria. It was designed to incorporate learning and adaptation through a ‘living’ theory of change, continuous political economy analysis at different levels, adaptive implementation by location-based delivery teams who are encouraged to be flexible and let partners take the lead, regular learning and reflection, and adaptive resourcing, HR and administrative systems. The case study draws on a conceptual framework (the ‘adaptive triangle’) that looks at three types of adaptation – adaptive management, adaptive programming and adaptive delivery – and the interconnections and tensions between them. CY - Brighton DA - 2018/11/26/ PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - Itad, Oxfam and IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14148 Y2 - 2019/02/04/00:00:00 KW - A4EA KW - Adaptive Development KW - Economy KW - Fishery ER - TY - RPRT TI - Parliament and the people AU - Rumbul, Rebecca AU - Moulder, Gemma AU - Parsons, Alex AB - How digital technologies are shaping democratic information flow in Sub-Saharan Africa DA - 2018/11/21/ PY - 2018 LA - en UR - http://research.mysociety.org/publications/parliament-and-people Y2 - 2018/11/22/10:43:26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluation and learning in complex, rapidly changing health systems: China’s management of health sector reform AU - Xiao, Yue AU - Husain, Lewis AU - Bloom, Gerald T2 - Globalization and Health AB - Healthcare systems are increasingly recognised as complex, in which a range of non-linear and emergent behaviours occur. China’s healthcare system is no exception. The hugeness of China, and the variation in conditions in different jurisdictions present very substantial challenges to reformers, and militate against adopting one-size-fits-all policy solutions. As a consequence, approaches to change management in China have frequently emphasised the importance of sub-national experimentation, innovation, and learning. Multiple mechanisms exist within the government structure to allow and encourage flexible implementation of policies, and tailoring of reforms to context. These limit the risk of large-scale policy failures and play a role in exploring new reform directions and potentially systemically-useful practices. They have helped in managing the huge transition that China has undergone from the 1970s onwards. China has historically made use of a number of mechanisms to encourage learning from innovative and emergent policy practices. Policy evaluation is increasingly becoming a tool used to probe emergent practices and inform iterative policy making/refining. This paper examines the case of a central policy research institute whose mandate includes evaluating reforms and providing feedback to the health ministry. Evaluation approaches being used are evolving as Chinese research agencies become increasingly professionalised, and in response to the increasing complexity of reforms. The paper argues that learning from widespread innovation and experimentation is challenging, but necessary for stewardship of large, and rapidly-changing systems. DA - 2018/11/20/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1186/s12992-018-0429-7 DP - BioMed Central VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 112 J2 - Globalization and Health SN - 1744-8603 ST - Evaluation and learning in complex, rapidly changing health systems UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0429-7 Y2 - 2019/03/15/10:31:43 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Connect. Learn. Adapt. Repeat - Practicing adaptive management in complex, conflict-affected environments: barriers and promising practices AU - Queen, Emily Forsyth AB - To shift aid culture toward adaptive management, we can: - Stay humble, empathetic, and build skills in facilitation and listening. - Focus on working with more flexible foundations or individual donors. Or, work for more rigid donors and help make their policies more flexible. - Get clearer about goals and processes while finding ways to be less specific and more committed to local leadership about pathways to get to the goal. - Resist looking for a magic adaptive management tool and instead get clearer about when teams make what kinds of decisions and matching to tools that support that decision-making. - Validate that everyone’s perspective is a form of data and try out simple ways to document how teams learns and changes. - Broaden and ground the idea of expertise – remembering that, especially when working with folx on the margins, people are the only experts on their own life. Practitioners must also examine how dominant patriarchal, white supremacist, colonial ideas have pushed us toward wanting more control, less flexibility, and less space for equitable decision making. DA - 2018/11/18/T19:22:47Z PY - 2018 UR - https://datavizhelp.kumu.io/connect-learn-adapt-repeat Y2 - 2022/06/17/13:03:40 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Revisiting the Foundational Assumptions of Fiscal Transparency and Accountability Work AU - Carothers, Thomas AU - Brechenmacher, Saskia T2 - International Budget Partnership AB - The Fiscal Futures team recently updated the foundational assumptions of fiscal transparency and accountability work to fit today’s world. Learn more. DA - 2018/11/15/T12:58:51+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - https://www.internationalbudget.org/2018/11/revisiting-fiscal-transparency-accountability-foundational-assumptions/ Y2 - 2018/11/23/13:39:53 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Old Wine in New Bottles? 6 ways to tell if a programme is really ‘doing development differently’ AU - Green, Duncan T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Some top adaptive management exponents give their top tips on how to distinguish spin from reality, when looking at an avowedly AM programme DA - 2018/11/13/T07:30:53+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-GB ST - Old Wine in New Bottles? UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/old-wine-in-new-bottles-6-ways-to-tell-if-a-programme-is-really-doing-development-differently/ Y2 - 2018/11/13/11:49:11 ER - TY - GEN TI - Sample criteria to select case studies for evaluation AU - Methods Lab AB - Time and budget constraints often mean that organisations are unable to evaluate all of their programmes, and large programmes, operating in multiple locations, are unable to evaluate all project sites. This tool introduces two sets of criteria to support evaluators and programme managers to select case studies or programmes for evaluation: i) information about how relevant or feasible evaluation is for individual programmes, and ii) across the overall portfolio, strategic thinking around what types of cases are most important to understand. This tool was developed by Anne Buffardi, Irene Guijt, Simon Hearn and Tiina Pasanen for use in The Methods Lab projects. DA - 2018/11// PY - 2018 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10043.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Guidance: Rigor and Reproducibility in Grant Applications | grants.nih.gov AU - NIH CY - Bethesda, MA DA - 2018/11// PY - 2018 PB - National Institutes of Health UR - https://grants.nih.gov/policy/reproducibility/guidance.htm Y2 - 2019/03/12/15:46:09 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Getting Past the Rhetoric #2: Managing for ‘Thinking and Working Politically’ in Large Facilities AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia T2 - Abt Associates - Governance Soapbox DA - 2018/10/30/ PY - 2018 UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.wordpress.com/2018/10/30/getting-past-the-rhetoric-2-managing-for-thinking-and-working-politically-in-large-facilities/ Y2 - 2019/06/21/15:17:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - USAID ADS 201 - Program Cycle Operational Policy (Update 10/29/2018) AU - USAID CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/10/29/ PY - 2018 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/201.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Course: Introduction to Collaborating, Learning and Adapting (CLA) in the Program Cycle AU - USAID LEARN T2 - USAID Learning Lab DA - 2018/10/29/T23:50:26-04:00 PY - 2018 LA - en M3 - Text ST - Course UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/course-introduction-cla-program-cycle Y2 - 2019/03/06/09:52:50 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Getting Past the Rhetoric #1: Tendering for ‘Thinking and Working Politically’ in Large Facilities AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia T2 - Abt Associates - Governance Soapbox DA - 2018/10/26/ PY - 2018 UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.wordpress.com/2018/10/26/getting-past-the-rhetoric-1-tendering-for-thinking-and-working-politically-in-large-facilities/ Y2 - 2019/06/21/15:17:17 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Advancing Work with the Grain at USAID AU - Jacobstein, David T2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - In December 2017, I wrote a blog about some of the insights gained during a workshop on Context-Driven Adaptation, where many of our sharpest field officers shared the ways that they assessed and adapted to shifts in context to keep programming relevant and effective. DA - 2018/10/18/T07:46:20-04:00 PY - 2018 LA - en M3 - Text UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/advancing-work-grain-usaid Y2 - 2018/10/26/09:17:38 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Outcome Mapping FAQs AU - Outcome Mapping Learning Community T2 - Outcome Mapping AB - FAQ resource produced by IDRC's Evaluation Unit, with contributions from Kaia Ambrose, Sarah, Earl, Jan Van Ongevalle and Julius Nyangaga. We've added it here to answer some of your OM related questions. DA - 2018/10/18/ PY - 2018 UR - https://www.outcomemapping.ca/about/faqs.php ER - TY - BLOG TI - Putting Gender into Political Economy Analysis: why it matters and how to do it AU - Brown, Emily AU - Haines, Rebecca AU - O’Neil, Tam T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Gender specialists from Oxfam and Care introduce a new guide that covers both theory and practice of including gender in political economy analysis. DA - 2018/10/11/T06:30:18+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-GB ST - Putting Gender into Political Economy Analysis UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/putting-gender-into-political-economy-analysis-why-it-matters-and-how-to-do-it/ Y2 - 2020/10/01/11:13:37 KW - Gender ER - TY - JOUR TI - Portfolios of Agile Projects: A Complex Adaptive Systems’ Agent Perspective AU - Sweetman, Roger AU - Conboy, Kieran T2 - Project Management Journal AB - While agile approaches can be extremely effective at a project level, they can impose significant complexity and a need for adaptiveness at the project portfolio level. While this has proven to be highly problematic, there is little research on how to manage a set of agile projects at the project portfolio level. What limited research that does exist often assumes that portfolio-level agility can be achieved by simply scaling project level agile approaches such as Scrum. This study uses a complex adaptive systems lens, focusing specifically on the properties of projects as agents in a complex adaptive portfolio to critically appraise current thinking on portfolio management in an agile context. We then draw on a set of 30 expert interviews to develop 16 complex adaptive systems (CAS)-based propositions as to how portfolios of agile projects can be managed effectively. We also outline an agenda for future research and discuss the differences between a CAS-based approach to portfolio management and traditional approaches. DA - 2018/10/11/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1177/8756972818802712 VL - 49 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enabling collaborative synthesis in multi-partner programmes AU - Cochrane, Logan AU - Cundill, Georgina T2 - Development in Practice AB - Multi-partner consortia have emerged as an important modality for knowledge generation to address complex sustainability challenges. Establishing effective multi-partner consortia involves significant investment. This article shares lessons from the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), which aims to support policy and practice for climate change adaptation through a consortium model. Key lessons include the need to facilitate collaborative spaces to build trust and identify common interests, while accepting that this is not a guarantee of success; the importance of programmatic leadership to achieve synthesis; and the value of strategic planning in supporting motivation and alignment between partners. DA - 2018/10/03/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/09614524.2018.1480706 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 922 EP - 931 LA - en SN - 0961-4524, 1364-9213 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09614524.2018.1480706 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:28:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Representing theories of change: technical challenges with evaluation consequences AU - Davies, Rick T2 - Journal of Development Effectiveness AB - This paper looks at the technical issues associated with the representation of Theories of Change and the implications of design choices for the evaluability of those theories. The focus is on the description of connections between events rather than the events themselves, because this is seen as a widespread design weakness. Using examples and evidence from Internet sources six structural problems are described along with their consequences for evaluation. The paper then outlines a range of different ways of addressing these problems that could be used by programme designers, implementers and evaluators. The paper concludes with some caution speculating on why the design problems are so endemic but also pointing a way forward. Four strands of work are identified that CEDIL and DFID could invest in to develop solutions identified in the paper. DA - 2018/10/02/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/19439342.2018.1526202 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 438 EP - 461 SN - 1943-9342 ST - Representing theories of change UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2018.1526202 Y2 - 2021/04/16/08:24:00 KW - Evaluation KW - evaluability KW - representation KW - theory of change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Timely evaluation in international development AU - Webster, Jayne AU - Exley, Josephine AU - Copestake, James AU - Davies, Rick AU - Hargreaves, James T2 - Journal of Development Effectiveness AB - Impact and process evaluations are increasingly used in international development; however they are generally retrospective in outlook. A more timely approach to evaluation aims to identify necessary, feasible and effective changes during a programme or intervention’s lifetime. This paper aims to identify, categorise, describe and critically appraise methods to support more timely evaluation in international development. Potential methods were identified through scoping seminar, public symposium, targeted review of the literature, and the authors’ own experiences and opinions. Findings from the different data sources were reviewed collectively by the author group and triangulated to develop an analytical framework. We identified four purposes of timely evaluation for international development, and critiqued the use of approaches against four dimensions of timeliness and flexibility. Whilst we found significant interest in more timely approaches to evaluation in international development, there was a dearth of published empirical evidence upon which to base strong recommendations. There is significant potential for timely evaluation to improve international development outcomes. New approaches to mixing and adapting existing methods, together with new technologies offer increased potential. Research is needed to provide an empirical evidence base upon which to further develop the application, across sectors and contexts, of timely evaluation in international development. DA - 2018/10/02/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/19439342.2018.1543345 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 482 EP - 508 SN - 1943-9342 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2018.1543345 Y2 - 2019/03/12/16:55:49 KW - Adaptive learning KW - Outcome evaluation KW - Programme improvement KW - impact evaluation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding and governing learning in sustainability transitions: A review AU - van Mierlo, Barbara AU - Beers, Pieter J. T2 - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions AB - Many transitions scholars underscore the importance of learning in sustainability transitions, but the associated learning processes have hardly been conceptualised. The diverse, well-established research fields related to learning are broadly ignored or loosely applied. In this paper, we systematically explore four interesting learning traditions in terms of their value for gaining an in-depth understanding of learning in sustainability transitions and their relevance for fostering learning, by connecting them to key features of transitions. The selected learning traditions from different disciplinary backgrounds provide valuable insights. None of them sufficiently addresses the complexity of transitions. They include, however, a diversity of relevant learning contexts. We conclude that they have value for investigating new areas such as learning in socio-technological regimes and in later phases of a transition, while enlightening forms of learning that have not yet been fully recognised in transition studies, such as superficial learning, unlearning, and learning to resist change. DA - 2018/10/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.eist.2018.08.002 DP - ScienceDirect J2 - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions SN - 2210-4224 ST - Understanding and governing learning in sustainability transitions UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210422417301983 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:18:16 KW - Collaborative learning KW - Interactive learning KW - Organizational learning KW - Social learning KW - Sustainability transition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Going Local 2.0: How to Reform Development Agencies to Make Localized Aid More Than Talk AU - Ang, Yuen Yuen T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - More and more global aid agencies believe they should replace one-size-fits-all best practices with locally tailored solutions, but they must shift from just agreeing to “go local” to preparing development experts for the task by taking on three major problems with their internal practices. DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 LA - en-us ST - Going Local 2.0 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/going_local_2.0_how_to_reform_development_agencies_localized_aid Y2 - 2018/10/26/09:03:03 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Bringing Participation into Complexity-Aware MEL: What is the evidence? A2 - Apgar, Marina A2 - Higdon, Grace Lyn CY - Thessaloniki DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 LA - en ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gendered voices for climate action AU - Fisher, Susannah AU - Shakya, Clare T2 - iied Working Paper AB - Including local women and men who have experienced the impacts of climate change in decision-making forums is key to developing a just process hearing local voices and experiences. The Paris Agreement signs up the international community to delivering countrydriven, gender-responsive climate action. Including local women and men will be critical to this transition and to achieving the scale and pace of change needed through both procedural and distributional justice. However, there is scarce evidence on how these voices and experiences can impact on and strengthen climate responses, or how best to enable and facilitate this participation. DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 25 LA - en UR - https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/10193IIED.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Caja de Herramientas PDIA - Un enfoque “hazlo tú mismo” para resolver problemas complejos AU - Samji, Salimah AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Woolcock, MIchael AB - (Spanish version of he PDIA toolkit) The PDIAtoolkit is designed to guide you through the process of solving complex problems which requires working in teams. We call it a Do-it-Yourself (DIY) kit, where the ‘you’ is a committed team of 4-6 people mobilized to work together to solve a complex problem that cannot be solved by one person. DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 LA - en PB - Center for International Development at Harvard University UR - https://bsc.cid.harvard.edu/PDIAtoolkit Y2 - 2018/10/26/08:43:41 ER - TY - RPRT TI - PDIA Toolkit - A DIY Approach to Solving Complex Problems AU - Samji, Salimah AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Woolcock, MIchael AB - The PDIAtoolkit is designed to guide you through the process of solving complex problems which requires working in teams. We call it a Do-it-Yourself (DIY) kit, where the ‘you’ is a committed team of 4-6 people mobilized to work together to solve a complex problem that cannot be solved by one person. DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 LA - en PB - Center for International Development at Harvard University UR - https://bsc.cid.harvard.edu/PDIAtoolkit Y2 - 2018/10/26/08:43:41 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning from adaptive programmes - 10 lessons and 10 case studies AU - Valters, Craig AB - Internal DFID document from the DevAdapt Programme. Based on another previous document (also internal). CY - London DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 PB - Overseas Development Institute ER - TY - BLOG TI - Collective intelligence and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals AU - Mulgan, Geoff T2 - nesta AB - Collective intelligence and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals DA - 2018/09/27/ PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/collective-intelligence-and-achieving-sustainable-development-goals/ Y2 - 2018/10/03/07:49:19 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Iterative Design and Monitoring for Adaptive Management: How Causal Link Monitoring can help AU - Britt, Heather AU - Hummelbrunner, Richard AU - Green, Jackie T2 - Better Evaluation AB - Development actors are embracing the concept and practice of adaptive management, using evidence to inform ongoing revisions throughout implementation. In this guest blog, Heather Britt, Richard Hummelbrunner and Jackie Greene discuss a practical approach that donors and partners can use to agree on what’s most important to monitor as a project continues to evolve. DA - 2018/09/26/ PY - 2018 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/blog/iterative-design-and-monitoring-adaptive-management-how-causal-link-monitoring-can-help Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A systematic review of adaptations of evidence-based public health interventions globally AU - Escoffery, Cam AU - Lebow-Skelley, E. AU - Haardoerfer, R. AU - Boing, E. AU - Udelson, H. AU - Wood, R. AU - Hartman, M. AU - Fernandez, M. E. AU - Mullen, P. D. T2 - Implementation Science AB - Adaptations of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) often occur. However, little is known about the reasons for adaptation, the adaptation process, and outcomes of adapted EBIs. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review to answer the following questions: (1) What are the reasons for and common types of adaptations being made to EBIs in community settings as reported in the published literature? (2) What steps are described in making adaptations to EBIs? and (3) What outcomes are assessed in evaluations of adapted EBIs? DA - 2018/09/26/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1186/s13012-018-0815-9 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 125 J2 - Implementation Science SN - 1748-5908 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0815-9 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Sounding clever or being smart? – How to do more with less in evaluating governance programmes AU - Aston, Tom T2 - Care Insights AB - About a decade ago, the development sector fell into the same trap the financial services industry did in the mid-1990s. We were all seduced by clever... DA - 2018/09/25/ PY - 2018 LA - en-gb ST - Sounding clever or being smart? UR - https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/development-blog/sounding-clever-or-being-smart-how-to-do-more-with-less-in-evaluating-governance-programmes Y2 - 2018/09/26/10:29:54 ER - TY - BLOG TI - The role of research and learning in adaptive programming AU - Babon, Andrea AU - Denney, Lisa T2 - Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre AB - Andrea Babon and Lisa Denney explore how learning partners - a common feature of aid programs - can operate and feed into programs. DA - 2018/09/20/T06:00:19+10:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - http://www.devpolicy.org/the-role-of-research-and-learning-in-adaptive-programming-20180920/ Y2 - 2018/09/24/08:15:49 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Monitoring and evaluation for adaptive programming AU - Roche, Chris AU - Kelly, Linda T2 - Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre AB - Chris Roche and Linda Kelly with six take-aways on what is being tried and learnt in setting up monitoring and evaluation frameworks for adaptive programs. DA - 2018/09/18/T06:00:54+10:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - http://www.devpolicy.org/monitoring-and-evaluation-for-adaptive-programming-20180918/ Y2 - 2018/09/24/08:15:51 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A guide to agile communication - Defra digital AU - DEFRA Digital AB - This guide is intended for: people planning communications activity on behalf of agile teams people doing the communications activity (especially blogging, presenting, or filmmaking) people who manage the people described above, who want to understand what they're doing and why The government service standard encourages teams to work in the open as much as possible, echoing item 10 in the government design principles, “make things open, it makes them better”. This guide was written to help teams do just that. DA - 2018/09/12/ PY - 2018 PB - Departmetn for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK) UR - https://defradigital.blog.gov.uk/a-guide-to-agile-communication/ Y2 - 2020/10/15/12:23:03 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Walking the adaptive talk AU - Denney, Lisa T2 - Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre AB - The first in a three-part series on adaptive aid.Lisa Denney clarifies the confusion. DA - 2018/09/11/T06:00:03+10:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - http://www.devpolicy.org/walking-the-adaptive-talk-20180911/ Y2 - 2018/09/24/08:15:47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evidence to Action: Research to Address Illegal Wildlife Trade AU - Milner-Gulland, E. J. AU - Cugniere, Laure AU - Hinsley, Amy AU - Phelps, Jacob AU - Rolfe, Michael 't Sas AU - Veríssimo, Diogo AB - Tools and expertise to improve the evidence base for national and international Illegal Wildlife Trade policy already exist but are underutilised. Tapping into these resources would produce substantive benefits for wildlife conservation and associated sectors, enabling governments to better meet their obligations under the Sustainable Development Goals and international biodiversity conventions. This can be achieved through enhanced funding support for inter-sectoral research collaborations, engaging researchers in priority setting and programme design, increasing developing country research capacity and engaging researchers and community voices in policy processes. This briefing, addressed to policy makers and practitioners, is part of the 2018 Evidence to Action: Research to Address Illegal Wildlife Trade event programme, organised by five of the UK’s most active IWT research institutions, to support the London 2018 IWT Conference. DA - 2018/09/04/T14:59:21.345Z PY - 2018 DO - 10.31235/osf.io/35ndz DP - osf.io ST - Evidence to Action UR - https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/35ndz/ Y2 - 2019/02/27/09:27:36 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning to make a difference: Christian Aid Ireland’s adaptive programme management in governance, gender, peace building and human rights AU - Booth, David AU - Balfe, Karol AU - Gallagher, Róisín AU - Kilcullen, Gráinne AU - O'Boyle, Sarah AU - Tiernan, Alix AB - This paper assesses the relevance of adaptive or trial-and-error approaches to the field of governance, peace building and human rights. Tackling the problems of poverty, vulnerability and exclusion that persist in parts of the world that continue to be affected by violence or political insecurity is difficult for several reasons. For one, because of the complexity of the prevailing social, economic and political systems, solutions to chronic problems are far from obvious. One response to this aspect of the challenge is adaptive programme design and management. This paper is the product of a multi-year collaboration between ODI and the core team of Christian Aid Ireland to assess the relevance of adaptive or trial-and-error approaches to the field of governance, peace building and human rights. It explains the basis on which Christian Aid Ireland’s current five-year programme has become committed to an adaptive approach. It then describes and seeks to draw lessons from the programme’s first year of experience, considering the possible implications for implementation over the coming years. The authors find that to get full benefits from the move to adaptive management, the new ways of working and their underlying principles will need to become more embedded in organisational practices and cultures. CY - London DA - 2018/09// PY - 2018 LA - en PB - ODI ST - Learning to make a difference UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/11191-learning-make-difference-christian-aid-ireland-s-adaptive-programme-management-governance-gender Y2 - 2019/02/01/09:44:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Achieving value for money through procurement. Part 2: DFID’s approach to value for money through tendering and contract management - A performance review AU - ICAI AB - Summary In 2016-17, the Department for International Development (DFID) spent £1.4 billion, or 14% of its budget, through commercial suppliers on contracts ranging from school construction to family planning services and the delivery of humanitarian aid. The quality of its procurement and contract management – how it engages and manages commercial firms to support the delivery of aid programmes on time, to budget and at the appropriate quality – is a key driver of value for money for UK aid. It is also a subject of considerable Parliamentary and public interest. In recent years, DFID has implemented a range of initiatives to strengthen its procurement practices and embed commercial capability across the department – including its 2017 Supplier Review, undertaken to address concerns about excessive profit-making by DFID suppliers. This review on achieving value for money through procurement (part 2) was published in September 2018. We awarded a green-amber score and made three recommendations to government. The follow-up to this review was published in July 2020, and rated the government’s response as ‘inadequate’, as a result of DFID’s failure to put in place a formal contract management regime, despite the risks this entails for programme results. We will return to this in the next follow-up in summer 2021. Review Our review found an appropriate overall approach to procurement with good performance in most areas of tendering, but significant weaknesses in contract management. We therefore awarded a green-amber score and made three recommendations to government. Findings Since 2015, DFID has progressed towards a more mature procurement approach. DFID’s tender process follows current EU legislation and UK government guidelines and cross-government peer reviews confirm improvements in DFID’s procurement approach. The Supplier Review lent momentum to the reforms but risks having unintended consequences. Poor consultation with suppliers has heightened the risk of unintended consequences. DFID is reviewing its business processes to protect aid recipients from sexual abuse and exploitation. DFID does not always choose the most appropriate procurement process but a new strategic sourcing process has resulted in stronger procurement planning. DFID has built up its commercial capability, but this will need to be an ongoing process. The contract management function in DFID is poorly defined and contracts are frequently amended or extended beyond their advertised length and values. Inception phases are often too short for adequate preparation and planning. Progress on flexible and adaptive programming will require more innovative approaches to tendering and contract management. Recommendations Before the next major revision of its supplier code and contracting terms, or future changes that may materially affect suppliers, DFID should conduct an effective consultation process with its supplier market, to ensure informed decisions and minimise the risks of unintended consequences. DFID should accelerate its timetable for acquiring a suitable management information system for procurement, to ensure that its commercial decisions are informed by data. DFID should instigate a formal contract management regime, underpinned by appropriate training and guidance and supported by a senior official responsible for contract management across the department. The new regime should include appropriate adaptive contract management techniques, to ensure that supplier accountability is balanced with the need for innovation and adaptive management in pursuit of development results. DA - 2018/09// PY - 2018 PB - Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) UR - https://icai.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/ICAI-Achieving-value-for-money-through-procurement-Part-2-.pdf Y2 - 2021/06/04/10:27:29 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Integrating Food Security and Wild Caught Fisheries Management in USAID Programming. Illustrative situation Model and Results Chain AU - Swaminathan, Vinaya AU - Best, Barbara AU - Ajroud, Brittany T2 - Measuring Impact AB - Integrating Food Security and Wild Caught Fisheries Management in USAID Programming is an illustrative case example that demonstrates how two adaptive management programming tools—situation models and results chains—can help USAID staff and its partners to better design and implement activities that integrate food security, nutrition, and sustainable management of wild fisheries. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/09// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 18 LA - en M3 - Case Example PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Building a global learning alliance on adaptive management AU - Wild, Leni AU - Ramalingam, Ben CY - London DA - 2018/09// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12327.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/21/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Q&A: Complexity-Aware Planning for Stabilization Programming AU - Martins, Christy T2 - DAI - Checkpoint DA - 2018/08/13/ PY - 2018 UR - http://dai-global-checkpoint.com/q-and-a-complexity-aware-planning-for-stabilization-programming.html Y2 - 2018/08/20/11:11:20 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Procuring and Managing Adaptively: 5 Case Studies of Adaptive Mechanisms AU - Pryor, Tony T2 - USAID Learning Lab, USAID AB - Flexibility in program management is essential in all of the countries where USAID works. This is especially true in non-permissive environments (NPEs), where the ability to learn and adapt quickly to changing circumstances can help USAID staff members achieve their desired outcomes. DA - 2018/08/13/T13:51:32-04:00 PY - 2018 LA - en ST - Procuring and Managing Adaptively UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/procuring-and-managing-adaptively-5-case-studies-adaptive-mechanisms Y2 - 2019/08/22/21:43:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using a social learning configuration to increase Vietnamese smallholder farmers’ adaptive capacity to respond to climate change AU - Phuong, Le Thi Hong AU - Wals, Arjen AU - Sen, Le Thi Hoa AU - Hoa, Nguyen Quoc AU - Lu, Phan Van AU - Biesbroek, Robbert T2 - Local Environment AB - Social learning is crucial for local smallholder farmers in developing countries to improve their adaptive capacity and to adapt to the current and projected impacts of climate change. While it is widely acknowledged that social learning is a necessary condition for adaptation, few studies have systematically investigated under which conditions particular forms of social learning are most successful in improving adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable groups. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate a social learning configuration in a coastal community in Vietnam. We make use of various methods during four workshop-based interventions with local smallholder farmers: interviews with key farmers and commune leaders, farmer-to-farmer learning, participatory observations and focus group discussions. The methods for evaluation of social learning configuration include in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and structured survey interviews. Our findings show that the social learning configuration used in this study leads to an increased problem ownership, an enhanced knowledge-base with regard to climate change impacts and production adaptation options, improved ability to see connections and interdependencies and finally, strengthened relationships and social cohesion. The results suggest that increased social learning in the community leads to increase in adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers and improves both their economic and environmental sustainability. We discuss the key lessons for designing learning configurations that can successfully enhance adaptive capacity and smallholder farmers’ agency and responsiveness to the challenges posed by climate change impacts. DA - 2018/08/03/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/13549839.2018.1482859 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 23 IS - 8 SP - 879 EP - 897 SN - 1354-9839 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2018.1482859 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:21:52 KW - Adaptive capacity KW - Social learning KW - Vietnamese smallholder farmers ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Peacebuilding Programming Through Effective Feedback Loops: Promising Practices AU - Barnard-Webster, Kiely AU - Jean, Isabella AB - This case study report was developed by CDA’s part of Peacebuilding Evaluation Consortium collaborative research on the use of feedback loops in support of adaptive programming. Feedback loops are just one element of adaptive programming and are defined and used in different ways by organizations working on social change, peace and development issues. This document includes key findings from our desk review of reports and grey literature, key informant interviews, observations documented during CDA’s advisory and learning engagements with peacebuilding partners as well as the case study on SFCG’s feedback processes in Burundi. The findings are most relevant to program and M&E staff but have implications for senior management and policymakers in light of growing interest in strengthening adaptive management. DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 LA - en-US PB - CDA ST - Adaptive Peacebuilding Programming Through Effective Feedback Loops UR - https://www.cdacollaborative.org/publication/adaptive-peacebuilding-programming-through-effective-feedback-loops-promising-practice/ Y2 - 2022/06/28/14:42:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Independent Review of Facilities: review and management response AU - DFAT DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 PB - DFAT UR - https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Pages/independent-review-of-facilities-review-and-management-response.aspx Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Guidelines for designing and monitoring social accountability interventions AU - Franco, Erika Lopez AU - Shankland, Alex CY - Brighton DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 26 LA - en PB - IDS ER - TY - RPRT TI - Opportunities for Using Complexity-Aware Approaches to Theory of Change AU - Goodier, Sarah AU - Apgar, Marina T2 - SDC-IDS Briefing Note 8 AB - The purpose of this briefing note is to review opportunities for using complexity aware approaches to Theory of Change (ToC) to inform the SDC approach. It provides an overview of complexity-aware approaches and then focuses on demonstrating how complexity thinking can support programming by building on the frameworks currently being used in the project/programme cycle management (PCM) processes. It is aimed at SDC staff, in particular Programme Officers and staff of partner organisations involved in the management of SDC interventions. CY - Brighton DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14040 Y2 - 2019/03/06/11:07:33 ER - TY - RPRT TI - State of the Art on Use of Theory of Change in the Development Sector AU - Goodier, Sarah AU - Apgar, Marina AU - Clark, Louise T2 - SDC-IDS Briefing Note 7 AB - The purpose of this briefing note is to add to SDC’s understanding of Theory of Change (ToC), drawing on the literature and practice to sketch out the current state of the art approach. This involves expanding on ToC beyond SDC’s current practice of using Impact Hypotheses (IH) to bridge it to operational practice and use ToC more explicitly in the project/programme cycle management (PCM) processes. Sharing the state of the art on use of ToC in the development sector, this briefing note outlines what a ToC is, what it is used for and why it is needed in the development sector. It discusses ToC as both a process and a product, providing step by step guidance on how to facilitate a ToC process. The differences between a ToC and a logframe are highlighted. Some key criteria for recognising when you have a ‘good’ ToC are also included. This brief is aimed at SDC staff, in particular Programme Officers, and staff of partner organisations involved in the management of SDC interventions. CY - Brighton DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14039 Y2 - 2019/03/06/12:10:50 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using adaptive monitoring, evaluation and learning in programme design AU - Nzegwu, Femi DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 5 LA - en PB - INASP ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making humanitarian response more flexible: Challenges and questions AU - Obrecht, Alice AU - Bourne, S. CY - London DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 M3 - ALNAP Background Paper PB - ALNAP/ODI UR - https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/ALNAPpaper%20Making%20humanitarian%20response%20more%20flexible_1.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/18/12:04:15 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What can the Thinking and Working Politically community learn from peace and conflict mediation? AU - Douglas, Alex T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Wily aid practitioners have long understood the importance of adapting their programs to the political environment, and even use their activities to push politics in a progressive direction. But this magic was spun secretly, hidden behind logframes and results frameworks. Only recently has a range of programs been permitted to escape the dead hand of technocracy. But there was one corner of the development and humanitarian world that never needed to shroud its political ambitions; those of us working on resolving violent conflicts. Donors have always understood our work could never be disembodied from politics. This field included elements of the UN, regional organisations, and NGOs, such as the one I work for: the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. With a new focus on development being enabled by a series of ‘deals’ between different actors, it seems timely to examine the strategies used to reach peace agreements and whether they contain broader lessons for TWP/DDD/Adaptive Management. DA - 2018/07/14/ PY - 2018 UR - https://frompoverty.oxfam.org.uk/what-can-the-thinking-and-working-politically-community-learn-from-peace-and-conflict-mediation/ Y2 - 2023/08/15/07:54:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Programming in Fragile, Conflict and Violence-Affected Settings, What Works and Under What Conditions?: The Case of Pyoe Pin, Myanmar AU - Christie, Angela AU - Green, Duncan T2 - Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme AB - This paper examines adaptive approaches in aid programming in a fragile, conflict and violence-affected setting (FCVAS), namely Myanmar. A combination of desk review and field research has been used to examine some of the assertions around the ‘adaptive management’ approach, which has arisen in recent years as a response to critiques of overly rigid, pre-designed, blue-print and linear project plans. This paper explores if and how adaptive approaches, including rapid learning and planning responses (fast feedback loops and agile programming) are particularly relevant and useful for promoting empowerment and accountability in such ‘messy places’. This case study focuses on Pyoe Pin (‘Young Shoots’), a DFID-funded, British Council managed governance programme, which has been running since 2007. CY - Brighton DA - 2018/07/12/ PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - Itad, Oxfam and IDS ST - Adaptive Programming in Fragile, Conflict and Violence-Affected Settings, What Works and Under What Conditions? UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13888 Y2 - 2018/08/02/09:48:28 KW - A4EA KW - Adaptive Development KW - Economy KW - Fishery ER - TY - MGZN TI - The fashion for agile management is spreading AU - The Economist T2 - The Economist AB - Executives need to be a cross between Spider-Man and Simone Biles DA - 2018/07/05/T14:57:17Z, 2018-07-05T14:57:17Z PY - 2018 DP - The Economist SN - 0013-0613 UR - https://www.economist.com/business/2018/07/05/the-fashion-for-agile-management-is-spreading Y2 - 2018/07/16/13:05:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barriers and enablers to climate change adaptation in hierarchical governance systems: the case of Vietnam AU - Phuong, Le Thi Hong AU - Biesbroek, G. Robbert AU - Wals, Arjen E. J. T2 - Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning AB - Governments fulfil important roles in increasing the adaptive capacity of local communities to respond to climate change impacts, particularly in developing countries. Existing studies on how governments enable and constrain the ways in which local level communities learn and build their adaptive capacity, however, generally adopt network or market-oriented types of governance. However, the most vulnerable regions to climate change impact in the world are generally governed through hierarchical policy systems. This research aims to understand how the hierarchical policy system in Vietnam creates enables and/or constrains the policy capacity of policy actors to contribute to effective climate change adaptation. We conducted interviews (n = 26) with key actors at multiple levels of government. Our findings show the importance of clear legal institutions, available financing for implementing policies, and the training of governmental staff, particularly at district and commune levels where the policy capacities are generally too low to deal with climate change impacts. We conclude that any efforts to support local actors (i.e. smallholder farmers) should include investments in policy capacity to ensure uptake and upscaling of adaptation actions more broadly. DA - 2018/07/04/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/1523908X.2018.1447366 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 518 EP - 532 LA - en SN - 1523-908X, 1522-7200 ST - Barriers and enablers to climate change adaptation in hierarchical governance systems UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1523908X.2018.1447366 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:33:39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond the tools: supporting adaptation when organisational resources and capacities are in short supply AU - Fünfgeld, Hartmut AU - Lonsdale, Kate AU - Bosomworth, Karyn T2 - Climatic Change AB - Climate change adaptation is increasingly concerned with how organisations develop capacity to adapt to uncertain futures. A participatory action research project conducted in Victoria, Australia, examined how health and social service organisations developed their organisational adaptive capacity through the use of adaptation decision-support tools. It can be challenging for any organisation to select and apply a decision-support tool, but this is particularly the case where resources and capacities are limited. For most organisations, climate change is only one of a complex set of dynamic stressors they must consider in meeting organisational goals. This paper shows that while decision-support tools can help co-generate knowledge and facilitate customised organisational adaptation processes, for them to be practically helpful for organisations with limited resources and capacities, intensive collaborative and discursive processes are needed to adjust such tools to fit specific organisational contexts and needs. Facilitators and participatory approaches that enable co-inquiry can play a critical role in supplementing scarce resources and initiating adaptation processes that go well beyond the scope and purpose of the decision-support tool used. Organisations working effectively with decision-support tools to adapt to climate change will need to feel ownership of them and have confidence in modifying them to suit their particular adaptation needs and organisational goals. DA - 2018/07/03/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1007/s10584-018-2238-7 DP - Springer Link J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 1573-1480 ST - Beyond the tools UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2238-7 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:33:20 KW - Adaptive capacity KW - Climate change KW - Community services KW - Decision-support tools KW - Facilitation KW - Health and social services KW - Organizational change ER - TY - BLOG TI - Simplicity, Accountability and Relationships: Three ways to ensure MEL supports Adaptive Management AU - Roche, Chris T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Based on a recent discussion in Manila, Chris Roche reflects on how Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning can better support 'adaptive programming'. DA - 2018/07/03/T06:30:33+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-GB ST - Simplicity, Accountability and Relationships UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/simplicity-accountability-and-relationships-three-ways-to-ensure-mel-supports-adaptive-management/ Y2 - 2018/07/17/10:47:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Addressing Maladaptive Coping Strategies of Local Communities to Changes in Ecosystem Service Provisions Using the DPSIR Framework AU - Ehara, Makoto AU - Hyakumura, Kimihiko AU - Sato, Ren'ya AU - Kurosawa, Kiyoshi AU - Araya, Kunio AU - Sokh, Heng AU - Kohsaka, Ryo T2 - Ecological Economics AB - The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework has been applied to various environmental problems at multiple spatial and temporal scales and attempts have been made to conceptually improve the framework to encompass various stakeholder perspectives. However, recent literature experiences in the field have challenged the inclusive character of the framework applications. In particular, the framework's inability to incorporate the aggregated informal responses of people affected by changes in ecosystem service provisions has not been fully addressed. This limits the framework's validity in categorizing and disseminating information for addressing particular environmental challenges. Herein, we address this problem by analyzing a case study of deforestation and its impact on non-timber forest product collections by rural residents in Cambodia. We incorporate the concept of maladaptive coping strategies into the DPSIR framework and then further elaborate Ness et al.'s (2010) approach of merging the DPSIR framework with Hägerstrand's (2001) system of nested spatial domains. This conceptualizes the incorporation of the aggregated informal responses into the system, as exemplified in the case study. DA - 2018/07/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.03.008 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 149 SP - 226 EP - 238 J2 - Ecological Economics SN - 0921-8009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800916306887 Y2 - 2019/07/19/20:46:07 KW - DPSIR framework KW - Ecosystem services KW - Maladaptive coping strategy KW - Nested spatial domains ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scaling Up Inclusive Approaches for Marginalised and Vulnerable People AU - Carter, Becky AU - Joshi, Anu AU - Remme, Michelle AB - This rapid review summarises the evidence on how to scale up inclusive approaches to complex social change. It looks at how to design scalable inclusive change interventions, as well as how to plan and manage the scale-up process. Focusing on interventions with the aim of reaching the most marginalised and transform social norms, it covers programmes aiming to deliver inclusive outcomes for women and girls (with a particular focus on preventing violence against women and girls) and persons with disabilities. To date, many interventions seeking to change harmful gender and disability norms have been implemented as small-scale projects. There are limited experiences of scale-up and fewer evaluations of these experiences. However, there are some documented case studies as well as emerging analysis that draw out lessons learned. From this evidence base, this rapid desk review identifies eight critical issues commonly highlighted as important considerations when scaling up inclusive change interventions: 1. Opportunities for systemic approach, including integrating political and community-level scale-up, and coordinating across multiple sectors and stakeholders 2. Political support for scale-up 3. Strategic choices: balancing reach, speed, cost, quality, equity, and sustainability 4. Catalysing change: tipping points, diffusion effects, and local champions 5. Locally grounded, participatory, and adaptive approaches 6. Long-term approaches with funding models to match 7. Cost-effective and financially feasible scale-up strategies 8. Measuring impact and sustainability. DA - 2018/07// PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13964 Y2 - 2019/02/15/09:40:16 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Humanitarian Innovation Guide AU - ELHRA AB - The Humanitarian Innovation Guide is a growing online resource to help individuals and organisations define humanitarian problems and successfully develop innovative solutions. ABOUT THE GUIDE The humanitarian sector is investing in exciting innovations, but it is not yet producing a steady pipeline of well-designed solutions that effectively address problems, evidence their impact, and have the potential to be scaled. As stated in a recent independent evaluation of the Humanitarian Innovation Fund (Triple Line, 2017), a review of the innovation ecosystem in 2015 found significant gaps in resources for innovation, including a shortage of guidance on the skills needed to manage successful innovation projects. These findings were echoed in the research carried out to inform this resource. As part of a grant agreement with the European Commission to provide financial and technical support to emerging humanitarian innovations, and in line with our strategic aim to develop the sector’s skills and capabilities in humanitarian innovation, this resource aims to translate our own learning, along with learning from across the sector, into a practical, grounded guide for innovators working in humanitarian contexts. Building on our unique position in the sector, the Humanitarian Innovation Guide is designed to provide targeted support to individuals and organisations attempting to develop innovative solutions to the challenges facing humanitarian assistance, resulting in a more effective humanitarian response. The Guide is written with two audiences in mind: humanitarian practitioners who are seeking to develop a new approach to their work and want to apply an innovation lens to solving problems; and social entrepreneurs from outside the sector who have identified an opportunity to engage with the sector and need a humanitarian framework to contextualise their innovation plans. We also hope that it will be a useful resource for innovation managers who are tasked with supporting innovation in their agencies, labs or networks. As the first step-by-step guide to managing innovation in the humanitarian sector, we hope that its continued development will better enable individuals, organisations and the wider sector to: Plan the activities involved in an innovation process and systematise the management of innovation. Manage a successful innovation project and generate evidence for innovation. Ensure that innovations are developed in an ethical way, with full consideration of risks and responsibilities. DA - 2018/07// PY - 2018 LA - en-GB UR - https://higuide.elrha.org/ Y2 - 2022/06/10/13:32:50 ER - TY - BLOG TI - MLE or MEL in adaptive programming? AU - Pellini, Arnaldo T2 - Knowledge counts DA - 2018/06/21/ PY - 2018 UR - https://arnaldopellini.org/2018/06/21/mle-or-mel-in-adaptive-programming/ Y2 - 2018/07/17/10:57:17 ER - TY - BLOG TI - 3 fallacies of embracing complexity AU - Ang, Yuen Yuen T2 - UNDP Blog AB - Global development is seeing an exciting paradigm shift. Increasingly, leaders and practitioners recognize that development is not a “complicated” challenge that can be neatly parsed out into separate problems and siloed departments, like assembling a car. Rather, the various tasks of development—poverty eradication, improving governance, climate action, gender equality, and so on—are all connected, making development a “complex” challenge. DA - 2018/06/12/ PY - 2018 LA - en UR - http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/blog/2018/3-fallacies-of-embracing-complexity.html Y2 - 2018/06/22/16:17:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning for social-ecological change: a qualitative review of outcomes across empirical literature in natural resource management AU - Suškevičs, Monika AU - Hahn, Thomas AU - Rodela, Romina AU - Macura, Biljana AU - Pahl-Wostl, Claudia T2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management DA - 2018/06/07/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/09640568.2017.1339594 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 61 IS - 7 SP - 1085 EP - 1112 LA - en SN - 0964-0568, 1360-0559 ST - Learning for social-ecological change UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09640568.2017.1339594 Y2 - 2019/05/02/17:49:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Marine Conservation Outcomes are More Likely when Fishers Participate as Citizen Scientists: Case Studies from the Mexican Mesoamerican Reef AU - Fulton, Stuart AU - Caamal-Madrigal, Jacobo AU - Aguilar-Perera, Alfonso AU - Bourillón, Luis AU - Heyman, William D. T2 - Citizen Science: Theory and Practice AB - Small-scale fishers on Caribbean coral reefs have exploited fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) for generations, but intense fishing has led to the loss of traditional aggregation sites. In many areas, the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of fishers has contributed greatly to the characterization of spawning aggregations and implementation of local conservation initiatives. TEK has identified more than 40 potential FSA sites along the coast of the Mexican Mesoamerican Reef. These sites have been characterised and scientifically validated, in some cases with traditional western science and in others, with a participatory citizen-science approach. The objective of this work is to compare the science and conservation outcomes at these FSA sites. We report that those FSA sites where scientific surveys were conducted without community participation remain unprotected. By contrast, the FSAs where local fishers were engaged in characterization and subsequent monitoring are now protected at the behest of the fishers themselves. Conservation initiatives to protect FSAs can be more effective through a combination of TEK, western science, and participatory citizen science involving local fishers. DA - 2018/06/05/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.5334/cstp.118 DP - theoryandpractice.citizenscienceassociation.org VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 7 LA - eng SN - 2057-4991 ST - Marine Conservation Outcomes are More Likely when Fishers Participate as Citizen Scientists UR - http://theoryandpractice.citizenscienceassociation.org/articles/10.5334/cstp.118/ Y2 - 2019/05/04/03:22:08 KW - Citizen science KW - Fishers KW - Spawning Aggregation KW - Traditional Ecological Knowledge ER - TY - ELEC TI - Context-Driven Adaptation (Overview) AU - Jacobstein, David T2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - CONTEXT-DRIVEN ADAPTATION COLLECTION DA - 2018/06/05/T17:34:09-04:00 PY - 2018 LA - en M3 - Text UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/context-driven-adaptation-overview Y2 - 2021/01/04/11:52:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Twinning “Practices of Change” With “Theory of Change”: Room for Emergence in Advocacy Evaluation AU - Arensman, Bodille AU - van Waegeningh, Cornelie AU - van Wessel, Margit T2 - American Journal of Evaluation AB - Theory of change (ToC) is currently the approach for the evaluation and planning of international development programs. This approach is considered especially suitable for complex interventions. We question this assumption and argue that ToC’s focus on cause–effect logic and intended outcomes does not do justice to the recursive nature of complex interventions such as advocacy. Supported by our work as evaluators, and specifically our case study of an advocacy program on child rights, we illustrate how advocacy evolves through recursive interactions, with outcomes that are emergent rather than predictable. We propose putting “practices of change” at the center by emphasizing human interactions, using the analytical lenses of strategies as practice and recursiveness. This provides room for emergent outcomes and implies a different use of ToC. In this article, we make a clear distinction between theoretical reality models and the real world of practices. DA - 2018/06/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1177/1098214017727364 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 39 IS - 2 SP - 221 EP - 236 J2 - American Journal of Evaluation LA - en SN - 1098-2140 ST - Twinning “Practices of Change” With “Theory of Change” UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214017727364 Y2 - 2020/10/15/14:41:48 ER - TY - BLOG TI - In pursuit of the deep and sustained shifts necessary for adaptive management AU - Simister, Nigel T2 - INTRAC AB - The final blog in Nigel Simister's series on adaptive management and the M&E of complex projects and programmes. DA - 2018/06/01/T14:22:47+01:00 PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.intrac.org/pursuit-deep-sustained-shifts-necessary-adaptive-management/ Y2 - 2018/07/17/10:42:36 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing the Demand for a Global Evidence Network. Mapping Existing Initiatives and Understanding Network Lessons and Opportunities AU - Gandolfo, Ari AU - Taddese, Abeba CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Results for all UR - https://results4america.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Results-for-All-Network-Mapping-Report-1-3.pdf Y2 - 2020/08/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - State of the Field Review: Fiscal Transparency and Accountability AU - Rudiger, Anja CY - https://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/state-of-the-field-review-fiscal-transparency-and-accountability DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 34 LA - en PB - International Budget Partnership ER - TY - RPRT TI - USAID Risk Appetite Statement AU - USAID CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/policy/risk-appetite-statement Y2 - 2019/02/18/12:29:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How Decent is Decent Work? Using SenseMaker to understand workers’ experiences AU - Mager, Franziska AU - Smith, Becca AU - Gujit, Irene DA - 2018/05/31/ PY - 2018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - Oxfam ST - How Decent is Decent Work? UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10546/620476 Y2 - 2020/02/06/09:09:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - How Adaptive Management is challenging the monitoring and evaluation of complex programmes AU - Simister, Nigel T2 - INTRAC AB - By Nigel Simister Adaptive management is a broad approach designed to support development or humanitarian programmes in complex or uncertain … DA - 2018/05/18/T13:10:39+01:00 PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.intrac.org/adaptive-management-challenging-monitoring-evaluation-complex-programmes/ Y2 - 2018/08/10/09:52:41 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Fostering Learning and Effectiveness through Collaboration: A New Collaborative on Transparency, Accountability, and Participation T2 - TAI AB - What are the features, values, and practices of effective learning organizations? How do learning practices contribute to more effective programming? And, how can collaborations between academics, researchers and practitioners better support learning organizations in the global South?  These are just a few of the questions that a new global learning collaborative seeks to explore. In … DA - 2018/05/17/T14:34:00+00:00 PY - 2018 LA - en-US ST - Fostering Learning and Effectiveness through Collaboration UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/uncategorized/2820/fostering-learning-effectiveness-collaboration-new-collaborative-transparency-accountability-participation/ Y2 - 2018/07/17/10:58:51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What's in a name? Unpacking “participatory” environmental monitoring AU - Turreira-García, Nerea AU - Lund, Jens AU - Domínguez, Pablo AU - Carrillo-Anglés, Elena AU - Brummer, Mathias AU - Duenn, Priya AU - Reyes-García, Victoria T2 - Ecology and Society AB - Turreira-García, N., J. F. Lund, P. Domínguez, E. Carrillo-Anglés, M. C. Brummer, P. Duenn, and V. Reyes-García. 2018. What's in a name? Unpacking “participatory” environmental monitoring. Ecology and Society 23(2):24. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10144-230224 DA - 2018/05/14/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.5751/ES-10144-230224 DP - www.ecologyandsociety.org VL - 23 IS - 2 LA - en SN - 1708-3087 ST - What's in a name? UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol23/iss2/art24/ Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:54:30 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - TICTeC 2018 - The Making All Voices Count programme: new lessons about donor-funded civic tech AU - mySociety DA - 2018/05/10/ PY - 2018 DP - YouTube ST - TICTeC 2018 - The Making All Voices Count programme UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNBUs-CmraI Y2 - 2018/07/27/09:03:36 KW - Accountability KW - Civic Tech KW - IDS KW - TICTeC KW - transparency ER - TY - CONF TI - Approaches for addressing complexity in programme theory: Experiences in applying the Actor-based Change (ABC) Framework to a variety of international development programmes and evaluations AU - Koleros, Andrew AU - Oldenbeuving, Mark T2 - UK Evaluation Society 2018 Annual Evaluation Conference DA - 2018/05/03/ PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 15 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and working politically in Somalia: A case study on the Somalia Stability Fund AU - Laws, Ed DA - 2018/05// PY - 2018 SP - 36 PB - TWP Coommunity of Practice and ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12251.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Prioritizing and Selecting Strategic Approaches in USAID Biodiversity Programming AU - Stem, Caroline AU - Swaminathan, Vinaya AU - Flores, Marco T2 - Measuring Impact AB - This guide supplements Biodiversity How-To Guide 2: Using Results Chains to Depict Theories of Change in USAID Biodiversity Programming. Step 4, Brainstorming Strategic Approaches, involves generating a suite of potential strategic approaches for a design team to consider. Step 5 introduces the practice of prioritizing and selecting among these draft strategic approaches but does not provide in-depth guidance on the process and criteria for doing so. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/05// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 15 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Combating Wildlife Trafficking Case Study Compilation: Capacity Building for Enforcement and Prosecution AU - USAID DA - 2018/05// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 36 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Program Cycle - Discussion Note: Designing Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Platforms AU - USAID AB - This Discussion Note complements ADS 201.3.1.2 Program Cycle Principles by elaborating on Principle 2: Manage Adaptively through Continuous Learning. This Discussion Note is intended for USAID staff interested in learning about recent and promising practices in adaptive management across the Program Cycle. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/05// PY - 2018 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Discussion Note UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/discussion-note-adaptive-management Y2 - 2018/03/08/13:48:40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Dilemmas of Citizen Inclusion in Urban Planning and Governance to Enable a 1.5 °C Climate Change Scenario AU - Chu, Eric AU - Schenk, Todd AU - Patterson, James T2 - Urban Planning AB - Cities around the world are facilitating ambitious and inclusive action on climate change by adopting participatory and collaborative planning approaches. However, given the major political, spatial, and scalar interdependencies involved, the extent to which these planning tools equip cities to realise 1.5 °C climate change scenarios is unclear. This article draws upon emerging knowledge in the fields of urban planning and urban climate governance to explore complementary insights into how cities can pursue ambitious and inclusive climate action to realise 1.5 °C climate change scenarios. We observe that urban planning scholarship is often under-appreciated in urban climate governance research, while conversely, promising urban planning tools and approaches can be limited by the contested realities of urban climate governance. By thematically reviewing diverse examples of urban climate action across the globe, we identify three key categories of planning dilemmas: institutional heterogeneity, scalar mismatch, and equity and justice concerns. We argue that lessons from urban planning and urban climate governance scholarship should be integrated to better understand how cities can realise 1.5 °C climate change scenarios in practice. DA - 2018/04/24/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.17645/up.v3i2.1292 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 128 LA - en SN - 2183-7635 UR - https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/1292 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:28:36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Small-scale farmers in a 1.5°C future: The importance of local social dynamics as an enabling factor for implementation and scaling of climate-smart agriculture AU - Martinez-Baron, Deissy AU - Orjuela, Guillermo AU - Renzoni, Giampiero AU - Loboguerrero Rodríguez, Ana María AU - Prager, Steven D T2 - Sustainability governance and transformation 2018 AB - Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has the potential to help farmers implement both adaptation and mitigation practices. The mitigation aspect of CSA is often not considered by farmers due to a high discount rate and, as such, adaptation is usually the priority concern. This review article offers perspective on this issue and highlights two key gaps in the literature: (i) understanding of factors related to the uptake of adaptation practices with co-benefits for mitigation and, (ii) the role of social networks to better enable rapid, widespread implementation of CSA, the latter being critical to bringing CSA to scale. The systematic review treated literature on synergies between adaptation, mitigation and social networks in the rural sector, as well as case studies illustrating the importance of social networks in climate change interventions when addressing synergies in adaptation and mitigation. We find that additional research is required that explicitly focuses on how social networks and social capital may be harnessed to hasten the adoption and uptake of highly synergistic CSA practices. This will facilitate both adaptation in the near term and contribute to mitigation at scale, allowing small-scale farmers to both benefit from and contribute to a 1.5°C future. DA - 2018/04/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2018.02.013 VL - 31 SP - 112 EP - 119 J2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability SN - 1877-3435 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343517300830 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Incubating policy for economic transformation: Lessons from Nepal AU - Booth, David DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 SP - 28 M3 - Report PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12163.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Global Affairs Canada: an approach to development innovation AU - GAC AB - For Global Affairs Canada, development innovation includes new or improved business models, policy practices, approaches, technologies, behavioral insights or ways of delivering products and services that benefit and empower the poorest and most vulnerable people in developing countries. CY - Ottawa DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 LA - eng PB - Global Affairs Canada UR - https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/priorities-priorites Y2 - 2019/05/19/11:54:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Digital Principles into practice AU - HDIF CY - Dar es Salaam DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 PB - HDIF UR - http://www.hdif-tz.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/11/HDIF_PDD_Web7.pdf Y2 - 2018/08/09/15:12:16 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Playbook for innovation learning. 35 diagrams to support talking and thinking about learning for innovation AU - Leurs, Bas AU - Roberts, Isobel CY - London DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 PB - Nesta UR - http://states-of-change.org/assets/downloads/nesta_playbook_for_innovation_learning.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/03/09:15:47 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Skills, atitudes and behaviours that fuel public innovation - a guide to getting the most from Nesta's Competency Framework for Experimenting and Public Problem Solving AU - Nesta CY - London DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 PB - Nesta UR - http://states-of-change.org/assets/downloads/nesta_playbook_for_innovation_learning.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/03/09:15:47 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How Does Developing Enforcement Capacity Reduce Wildlife Crime? Increasing program effectiveness by understanding common assumptions AU - Price, Claire AU - Buff, Jesse AU - Peabody, Shawn AU - Present, Tess AU - Lauck, Liz AB - "How Does Developing Enforcement Capacity Reduce Wildlife Crime?" summarizes findings from the literature around four key assumptions about capacity building for enforcement and prosecution. Using the experiences and evidence summarized in this brief, program designers and implementing partners should be able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their capacity building efforts. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 20 LA - en M3 - Technical Brief PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and Working Politically through Applied Political Economy Analysis. A guide for practitioners AU - Rocha Menocal, Alina AU - Cassidy, Marc AU - Swift, Sarah AU - Jacobstein, David AU - Rothblum, Corinne AU - Tservil, Ilona AB - Thinking and Working Politically (TWP) through Applied Political Economy Analysis (PEA). A guide for practitioners Have you ever done everything right in a development program — followed every technical best practice — but still missed the mark? When this happens, it often relates to factors in the context beyond any external development actor’s ability to control. DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 LA - en M3 - Text PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/thinking-and-working-politically-twp-through-applied-political-economy-analysis-pea-guide Y2 - 2018/07/20/13:51:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Program Cycle - Discussion Note: Managing Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Platforms AU - USAID AB - This Discussion Note complements ADS 201.3.1.2 Program Cycle Principles by elaborating on Principle 2: Manage Adaptively through Continuous Learning. This Discussion Note is intended for USAID staff interested in learning about recent and promising practices in adaptive management across the Program Cycle. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Discussion Note UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/discussion-note-adaptive-management Y2 - 2018/03/08/13:48:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing to Adapt: Analysing adaptive management for planning, monitoring, evaluation, and learning AU - Desai, Harsh AU - Maneo, Gabriele AU - Pellfolk, Erica AU - Schlingheider, Annika T2 - Oxfam Research Reports AB - Adaptive management is at the heart of ‘Doing Development Differently’. It emerges from stakeholders’ calls for development programmes to be more flexible and responsive to their contexts. Whether it becomes a mainstreamed practice depends on how much it is DA - 2018/03/22/ PY - 2018 DP - policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk LA - English PB - Oxfam ST - Managing to Adapt UR - https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/managing-to-adapt-analysing-adaptive-management-for-planning-monitoring-evaluat-620446 Y2 - 2018/05/14/11:02:16 ER - TY - SOUND TI - How do we know what works? Interview with Prof. Michael Woolcock, Lead Social Scientist at the World Bank A2 - Evans, Alice T3 - Rocking our priors AB - Dr Alice Evans and leading experts discuss growth, governance, & gender inequalities. Alice is a Lecturer at King's College London, and Faculty Associate at the Harvard Kennedy School. DA - 2018/03/17/ PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://soundcloud.com/user-845572280/how-do-we-know-what-works-dr-michael-woolcock Y2 - 2022/01/28/13:00:43 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Managing Humanitarian Innovation: The cutting edge of aid A3 - James, Eric A3 - Taylor, Abigail AB - The challenges facing humanitarian logistics are huge. Refugee camps present enormously challenging environments in which sudden spikes in demand, difficult to access locations, disruptions due to conflict or disasters, as well as normal supply chain problems are commonplace. This means that orders for medical and other supplies can take weeks and sometimes months to fulfil, severely impeding humanitarian operations. There is also a lack of or slow adoption of technology routinely used elsewhere. In addition, humanitarian logistics are also expensive. When customs clearance, transportation, storage, middlemen and administration are added in, the costs of basic items are often exorbitant. Managing Humanitarian Innovation presents a new approach that is beginning to transform the way humanitarian logistics are conducted. Innovation in logistics includes disrupting and improving supply chains through the use of technology, especially 3D printers, and engaging people to manage this approach. The book discusses what innovation is, and strategies for supporting it; it describes practical innovations and how they have been applied; and it outlines how innovation labs can be run. Finally it covers how to fund innovation and it suggests how humanitarian innovation might develop in the future. This book brings together the real experience of practitioners who have made innovation work. It is a collaborative work written by and for the community of people involved in humanitarian innovation, in particular in the making and manufacturing of humanitarian supplies. The book is full of practical and actionable points of value to the humanitarian community. Managing Humanitarian Innovation is essential reading for humanitarian practitioners as well as volunteers and others involved in humanitarian supplies provision. It is equally helpful to thought leaders, policy makers and educators. DA - 2018/03/15/ PY - 2018 DP - Amazon SP - 172 LA - English PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 978-1-85339-954-1 ST - Managing Humanitarian Innovation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Human-Centered, Systems-Minded Design AU - Both, Thomas T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Both human-centered and systems-thinking methods fit within an effective design approach, and can work in conjunction to address social challenges. DA - 2018/03/09/ PY - 2018 LA - en-us UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/human_centered_systems_minded_design Y2 - 2019/08/09/00:07:49 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking big: How to use theory of change for systems change AU - Abercrombie, Rob AU - Boswell, Katie AU - Thomasoo, Rosanna AB - We think that, applied well, theory of change can support charities and funders to take a systemic approach to their work. This report identifies five common pitfalls that organisations fall into when using theory of change, and walks through five rules of thumb that will help organisations to use the approach to tackle complex problems. We think that, applied well, theory of change can support charities and funders to take a systemic approach to their work. This report identifies five common pitfalls that organisations fall into when using theory of change, and walks through five rules of thumb that will help organisations to use the approach to tackle complex problems. CY - London DA - 2018/03// PY - 2018 PB - NPC UR - https://www.thinknpc.org/publications/thinking-big/ Y2 - 2018/08/16/08:40:01 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Thinking and working politically: An introduction to key ideas, examples and further reading T2 - TWP Community of Practice A2 - Laws, Ed A2 - Marquette, Heather CY - London DA - 2018/03// PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://twpcommunity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Thinking-and-working-politically-reviewing-the-evidence.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and working politically: Reviewing the evidence on the integration of politics into development practice over the past decade AU - Laws, Ed AU - Marquette, Heather CY - London DA - 2018/03// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - TWP Community of Practice UR - https://twpcommunity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Thinking-and-working-politically-reviewing-the-evidence.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - ICOMM TI - DRG Center practical tips to implement more context-adaptive programming AU - Jacobstein, David T2 - #AdaptDev AB - Hi #adaptdevers, The cross-sectoral programs team in the DRG Center have been working in support of ways that programming can be made more aware of, and responsive to, context considerations that have to do with incentives and relationships between different actors - often called power dynamics or political economy. Following several discussions with field folks, we were asked to come up with simple and practical tips that could help staff to implement more context-adaptive programming, or to better Work Politically to use TWP jargon. With assistance from many of our field staff and partners, we've put together three documents (to start) that have now been cleared to share publicly: • Tips on Making Your Solicitations Invite Context-Driven Adaptive Programming - suggestions spanning most sections of a typical solicitation to better weave in Thinking and Working Politically. I'm particularly excited that this document contains embedded links to excerpts from a set of solicitations that model good practice. You can also find a summary of all the excerpts from real solicitations, and links onward to the public posting of those solicitations on Fed Biz Ops or Grants.gov, here. • Tips on Power Dynamics and Theories of Change - suggestions relevant to those working on project designs and logic models. • Tips for Better Use of Advisory Councils - suggestions to set up better advisory bodies that help you to incorporate political economy more automatically into your programmatic adjustments. I hope that you'll find these practical and helpful! Feedback is always welcome. Best, David DA - 2018/02/27/ PY - 2018 UR - https://groups.google.com/forum/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer#!msg/adaptdev/TVvijW_iUx8/a5-0xdsIDgAJ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptive management: why we find it so hard to operationalise AU - Teskey, Graham T2 - Abt Associates - Governance Soapbox DA - 2018/02/23/ PY - 2018 UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.wordpress.com/2018/02/23/adapative-management-why-we-find-it-so-hard-to-operationalise/ Y2 - 2019/06/21/15:11:11 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - An Introduction to the DCED Standard for Results Measurement A2 - Bekkers, Nabanita Sen AB - Introduction used in the DCED-BEAM seminar CY - Nairobi DA - 2018/02/21/ PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.enterprise-development.org/dced-beam-seminar-2018/ ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Using elements of DCED Standards for CLA A2 - Mitra, Bilash A2 - Jalil, Mohammad Muaz AB - Introduction used in the DCED-BEAM seminar in Nairobi CY - Nairobi DA - 2018/02/21/ PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.enterprise-development.org/dced-beam-seminar-2018/ ER - TY - SLIDE TI - The Debate about RCTs in Development is over. We won. They lost. T2 - DRi Seminar A2 - Pritchett, Lant AB - There has been a debate in development economics over the last 20 years as some claimed the use of RCTs as a tool for independent impact evaluation would significantly improve development practice and hence development. While right about the methodological claims about the superiority of randomization to produce cleaner estimates of the LATE (local average treatment effect) of projects and programs, this, in and of itself, does not change development practice. All of the five claims needed to sustain a positive model in which RCT/IIE has a major positive impact are demonstrably false. The proponents of RCTs have responded to losing the first round decisively by changing significantly both their claims and their practice. CY - New York DA - 2018/02/21/ PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - http://www.nyudri.org/events-index/2018/2/22/lant-pritchett-talk-the-debate-about-rcts-in-development-is-over-we-won-they-lost Y2 - 2019/03/15/11:55:02 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Why We Lie About Aid: Development and the Messy Politics of Change AU - Yanguas, Pablo AB - Foreign aid is about charity. International development is about technical fixes. At least that is what we, as donor publics, are constantly told. The result is a highly dysfunctional aid system which mistakes short-term results for long-term transformation and gets attacked across the political spectrum, with the right claiming we spend too much, and the left that we don't spend enough. The reality, as Yanguas argues in this highly provocative book, is that aid isn't – or at least shouldn't be – about levels of spending, nor interventions shackled to vague notions of ‘accountability’ and ‘ownership’. Instead, a different approach is possible, one that acknowledges aid as being about struggle, about taking sides, about politics. It is an approach that has been quietly applied by innovative development practitioners around the world, providing political coverage for local reformers to open up spaces for change. Drawing on a variety of convention-defying stories from a variety of countries – from Britain to the US, Sierra Leone to Honduras – Yanguas provides an eye-opening account of what we really mean when we talk about aid. DA - 2018/02/15/ PY - 2018 DP - Amazon SP - 275 LA - English PB - Zed Books SN - 978-1-78360-933-8 ST - Why We Lie About Aid ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Complexity & Development 2.0: From Agreeing We Should Adapt to Creating the Conditions that Enable Adaptation A2 - Ang, Yuen Yuen AB - The field of global development has reached a critical turning point. Almost gone is the mechanical, one-size-fits-all “good governance” paradigm of the past. In its place is a growing embrace of complexity and systems thinking. While this is an encouraging shift in the right direction, the discussion mostly ends by concluding that we should adapt. Yuen Yuen Ang urges that it’s time to take our conversation on “complexity & development” to the next level: how to enable adaptation. Effective adaptation doesn’t automatically arise just because we desire it—rather, it requires certain enabling conditions. In How China Escaped the Poverty Trap (2016), she introduces a generic complexity 2.0 framework that she terms “directed improvisation.” Effective adaptation, Yuen Yuen argues, requires a paradoxical blend of top-down direction and bottom-up improvisation. Such a system can be created—and produce dramatic results and adaptive solutions—even within a closed political regime like China. CY - Brighton, UK DA - 2018/02/13/ PY - 2018 LA - en-GB M3 - Complexity and Development seminar series ST - Complexity & Development 2.0 UR - https://www.ids.ac.uk/events/complexity-development-2-0-from-agreeing-we-should-adapt-to-creating-the-conditions-that-enable-adaptation/ Y2 - 2023/06/09/09:10:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - OPM’s approach to assessing Value for Money AU - King, Julian AU - OPM AB - This document offers practical guidance for assessing value for money (VfM) in international development programmes. Since 2016, evaluation expert Julian King has been working with OPM to develop and deploy a robust approach to VfM assessment. The approach combines cutting-edge evaluation practice with concepts from economic evaluation to respond to donor requirements for accountability and good resource allocation, as well as to support reflection, learning, and adaptive management. CY - Oxford DA - 2018/02/05/ PY - 2018 LA - en PB - Oxford Policy Management UR - http://www.opml.co.uk/publications/opm%E2%80%99s-approach-assessing-value-money Y2 - 2018/03/16/09:58:46 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods AU - Yin, Dr Robert K. AB - Winner of the 2019 McGuffey Longevity Award from the Textbook & Academic Authors Association (TAA) Recognized as one of the most cited methodology books in the social sciences, the Sixth Edition of Robert K. Yin′s bestselling text provides a complete portal to the world of case study research. With the integration of 11 applications in this edition, the book gives readers access to exemplary case studies drawn from a wide variety of academic and applied fields. Ultimately, Case Study Research and Applications will guide students in the successful use and application ofthe case study research method. CY - Los Angeles DA - 2018/02/02/ PY - 2018 ET - Sixth edition SP - 352 LA - English PB - SAGE Publications, Inc SN - 978-1-5063-3616-9 ST - Case Study Research and Applications UR - https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/case-study-research-and-applications/book250150 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diffusion Of Innovations Theory, Principles, And Practice AU - Dearing, James W. AU - Cox, Jeffrey G. T2 - Health Affairs AB - Aspects of the research and practice paradigm known as the diffusion of innovations are applicable to the complex context of health care, for both explanatory and interventionist purposes. This article answers the question, “What is diffusion?” by identifying the parameters of diffusion processes: what they are, how they operate, and why worthy innovations in health care do not spread more rapidly. We clarify how the diffusion of innovations is related to processes of dissemination and implementation, sustainability, improvement activity, and scale-up, and we suggest the diffusion principles that can be readily used in the design of interventions. DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1104 DP - healthaffairs.org (Atypon) VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 183 EP - 190 SN - 0278-2715 UR - https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1104 Y2 - 2023/01/13/10:35:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Politically informed, gender aware programming: Five lessons from practice AU - Derbyshire, Helen AU - Gibson, Sam AU - Hudson, David AU - Roche, Chris CY - Birmingham DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 28 LA - en M3 - Briefing note PB - DLP Program UR - http://www.dlprog.org/gender-and-politics-in-practice/publications/from-silos-to-synergy.php ER - TY - RPRT TI - From Silos to Synergy: Learning from politically informed, gender aware programs AU - Derbyshire, Helen AU - Siow, Orlanda AU - Gibson, Sam AU - Hudson, David AU - Roche, Chris CY - Birmingham DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 28 LA - en PB - DLP Program UR - http://www.dlprog.org/gender-and-politics-in-practice/publications/from-silos-to-synergy.php ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Whistler principles to accelerate innovation for development impact AU - G7 AB - The Whistler principles to accelerate innovation for development impact : 2018 G7 Summit – Canada 2018 G7 Presidency – Charlevoix, Quebec CY - G7 Summit 2018 DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 LA - en-US PB - G7 UR - http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/dev/180602-innovation.html Y2 - 2018/11/13/12:09:29 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID’s approach to value for money in programme and portfolio management AU - ICAI AB - ICAI published this review on DFID’s approach to value for money in February 2018, and as value for money is both a process and an outcome and cuts across all aspects of DFID’s operations, did not score this review. We made five recommendations and published a follow-up to this review in July 2019. All UK government departments are required to achieve value for money in their use of public funds. In recent years, DFID has been working to build value for money considerations further into its management processes and its relationships with implementers and multilateral partners, establishing itself as a global champion on value for money. Review This review was published in February. Though it was not rated, ICAI made five recommendations, and found that the Department for International Development’s approach to value for money was helping to make UK aid spending go further, but improvements are still needed. Findings This review found that DFID has strengthened its processes and systems for ensuring it gains maximum value for each pound spent, has taken swift remedial action to tackle under-performing programmes, and has become a strong global champion on value for money. The review also found that DFID has been diligent in its efforts to cut waste, detect fraud, and improve efficiency, and that this work is improving the return on the UK investment in aid. However, the review found that DFID’s approach was not adequately reporting and capturing results and value for money at the country portfolio level, or how programmes work together to deliver lasting impact, including reducing future dependency on aid. It also found that weakness in the annual review process could undermine DFID’s approach to value for money. It found that targets were frequently revised, and that there could be pressures for optimistic scoring of programmes. Recommendations Based on this review, we made the following five recommendations to help DFID improve its approach to value for money still further: DFID country offices should articulate cross-cutting value for money objectives at the country portfolio level, and should report periodically on progress at that level. Drawing on its experience with introducing adaptive programming, DFID should encourage programmes to experiment with different ways of delivering results more cost-effectively, particularly for more complex programming. DFID should ensure that principles of development effectiveness – such as ensuring partner country leadership, building national capacity and empowering beneficiaries – are more explicit in its value for money approach. Programmes should reflect these principles in their value for money frameworks, and where appropriate incorporate qualitative indicators of progress at that level. DFID should be more explicit about the assumptions underlying the economic case in its business cases, and ensure that these are taken into account in programme monitoring. Delivery plans should specify points in the programme cycle when the economic case should be fully reassessed. Senior responsible owners should also determine whether a reassessment is needed following material changes in the programme, results targets or context. Annual review scores should include an assessment of whether programmes are likely to achieve their intended outcomes in a cost-effective way. DFID should consider introducing further quality assurance into the setting and adjustment of logframe targets. CY - London DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 LA - en-GB PB - Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) UR - https://icai.independent.gov.uk/report/value-for-money/ Y2 - 2019/03/12/16:53:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Program Cycle - Discussion Note: Adaptive Management AU - USAID AB - This Discussion Note complements ADS 201.3.1.2 Program Cycle Principles by elaborating on Principle 2: Manage Adaptively through Continuous Learning. This Discussion Note is intended for USAID staff interested in learning about recent and promising practices in adaptive management across the Program Cycle. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/01/30/ PY - 2018 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Discussion Note UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/discussion-note-adaptive-management Y2 - 2018/03/08/13:48:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adapting to Learn and Learning to Adapt: Practical Insights from International Development Projects AU - Brinkerhoff, Derick W. AU - Frazer, Sarah AU - McGregor, Lisa AB - Adaptive programming and management principles focused on learning, experimentation, and evidence-based decision making are gaining traction with donor agencies and implementing partners in international development. Adaptation calls for using learning to inform adjustments during project implementation. This requires information gathering methods that promote reflection, learning, and adaption, beyond reporting on pre-specified data. A focus on adaptation changes traditional thinking about program cycle. It both erases the boundaries between design, implementation, and evaluation and reframes thinking to consider the complexity of development problems and nonlinear change pathways.Supportive management structures and processes are crucial for fostering adaptive management. Implementers and donors are experimenting with how procurement, contracting, work planning, and reporting can be modified to foster adaptive programming. Well-designed monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems can go beyond meeting accountability and reporting requirements to produce data and learning for evidence-based decision making and adaptive management. It is important to continue experimenting and learning to integrate adaptive programming and management into the operational policies and practices of donor agencies, country partners, and implementers. We need to devote ongoing effort to build the evidence base for the contributions of adaptive management to achieving international development results. DA - 2018/01/05/ PY - 2018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - RTI Press ST - Adapting to Learn and Learning to Adapt UR - https://www.rti.org/rti-press-publication/adapting-learn-and-learning-adapt Y2 - 2023/08/18/11:32:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adapting to learn and learning to adapt: Practical insights from international development projects AU - Brinkerhoff, Derick AU - Frazer, Sarah T2 - RTI AB - Adaptive programming and management principles focused on learning, experimentation, and evidence-based decision making are gaining traction with donor agencies and implementing partners in international development. Adaptation calls for using learning to inform adjustments during project implementation. This requires information gathering methods that promote reflection, learning and adaption, beyond reporting on pre-specified data. A focus on adaptation changes traditional thinking about program cycle. DA - 2018/01/03/ PY - 2018 DP - www.rti.org LA - en ST - Adapting to learn and learning to adapt UR - https://www.rti.org/rti-press-publication/adapting-learn-and-learning-adapt-practical-insights-international-development-projects Y2 - 2018/01/15/09:53:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The rise of the randomistas: on the experimental turn in international aid AU - Donovan, Kevin P. T2 - Economy and Society AB - In recent years, the use of experimental methodologies has emerged as a central means of evaluating international aid interventions. Today, proponents of randomized control trials (so-called randomistas) are among the most influential of development experts. This paper examines the growth of this thought collective, analysing how uncertainty has become a central concern of development institutions. It demonstrates that transformations within the aid industry – including the influence of evidence-based policy, the economization of development and the retreat from macro-planning – created the conditions of possibility for experimentation. Within this field, the randomistas adeptly pursued a variety of rhetorical, affective, methodological and organizational strategies that emphasized the lack of credible knowledge within aid and the ability of experiments to rectify the situation. Importantly, they have insisted on the moral worth of experimentation; indeed, the experimental ethic has been proposed as the way to change the spirit of development. Through causal certitude, they propose to reduce human suffering. The rise of experimentation has not, however, eliminated accusations of uncertainty; rather, it has redistributed the means through which knowledge about development is considered credible. DA - 2018/01/02/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/03085147.2018.1432153 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 58 SN - 0308-5147 ST - The rise of the randomistas UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2018.1432153 Y2 - 2019/03/15/11:57:35 KW - Development KW - Evidence KW - Experimentation KW - aid KW - uncertainty ER - TY - JOUR TI - Making good on donors’ desire to Do Development Differently AU - Honig, Dan AU - Gulrajani, Nilima T2 - Third World Quarterly AB - AbstractForeign aid donors are increasingly focused on changing the way their development agencies function. This discourse has focused on desired qualities, including greater knowledge of local contextual realities, appropriate adaptation to context and greater flexibility to respond to changing circumstances. We argue that more attention needs to be devoted to the achievement of these qualities and turn to contingency theory to identify some under-exploited ways to ?do development differently?. The qualities sought by donors are emergent properties of complex organisational systems and will only be achieved through a micro-level and interlinked focus on the fundamentals of organisation. DA - 2018/01/02/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/01436597.2017.1369030 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 68 EP - 84 J2 - Third World Quarterly SN - 0143-6597 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1369030 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developmental evaluation: Bridging the gaps between proposal, program, and practice , Developmental evaluation: Bridging the gaps between proposal, program, and practice AU - Lawrence, Rachael B. AU - Rallis, Sharon F. AU - Davis, Laura C. AU - Harrington, Karen T2 - Evaluation AB - Developmental evaluation supports grant-funded initiatives seeking innovation and change. Programs born from aspirational grant language and plans often need guidance as they work toward creating workable models for social innovation. This article describes the challenge of designing and implementing complex programs and presents a case that illustrates how a program moves from proposal to practice. The Massachusetts Charter Public School Association Capacity Building Network is a complex intervention, funded by the US federal government, aimed at raising school capacity to serve students with disabilities and English language learners. Developmental evaluation served to bridge the gaps between an aspirational proposal, an ambitious and ambiguous program plan, and emerging practices to serve this population of students. Jointly reviewing our experience in this developmental evaluation, the evaluation team and a program director share important thematic lessons learned about the developmental evaluation approach., Developmental evaluation supports grant-funded initiatives seeking innovation and change. Programs born from aspirational grant language and plans often need guidance as they work toward creating workable models for social innovation. This article describes the challenge of designing and implementing complex programs and presents a case that illustrates how a program moves from proposal to practice. The Massachusetts Charter Public School Association Capacity Building Network is a complex intervention, funded by the US federal government, aimed at raising school capacity to serve students with disabilities and English language learners. Developmental evaluation served to bridge the gaps between an aspirational proposal, an ambitious and ambiguous program plan, and emerging practices to serve this population of students. Jointly reviewing our experience in this developmental evaluation, the evaluation team and a program director share important thematic lessons learned about the developmental evaluation approach. DA - 2018/01/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1177/1356389017749276 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 83 J2 - Evaluation LA - en SN - 1356-3890 ST - Developmental evaluation UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389017749276 Y2 - 2018/07/27/09:42:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Accountability Differently: A 'Vertically Integrated' Approach AU - Amakom, Uzochukwu AU - Fashola, Temitope AU - Gay, Charles AU - Shutt, Cathy CY - Abuja DA - 2018/01// PY - 2018 PB - Christian Aid UR - https://www.christianaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/2018-03/Doing-Accountability-Differently-V2P-Governance-January2018.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/06/10:03:42 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Supporting innovation and the use of technologies in accountability initiatives: lessons from Making All Voices Count AU - Edwards, Duncan AU - Hudson, Hannah AU - Anderson, Colin AU - McGee, Rosemary AU - Brock, Karen T2 - MAVC Learning Report AB - Making All Voices Count was an international initative that harnessed the power of innovation and new technologies to support effective, accountable governance. Focusing on six countries in Africa and Asia, the programme was implemented by a consortium of implementing partners, and used funding from four donors to make grants to support new ideas that amplified the voices of citizens, and enabled governments to listen and respond. From the start, Making All Voices Count was also a learning programme. The objective of this learning was not only to bring about change during the programme’s life cycle, but also to leave a legacy that would help to ensure that future governance programmes and initiatives seeking to capitalise on the transformative potential of innovation and technology are more informed, inclusive and impactful. This programme learning report emerged from a wider process of analysing, discussing and synthesising the data and learning from the programme, which wove together evidence-based learning about technology for accountable governance initiatives with experiential learning on how best to support such work. The report highlights five of the lessons learned from Making All Voices Count about how – and how not – to run large, complex programmes that intend to support innovation in governance. CY - Brighton DA - 2018/01// PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS ST - Supporting innovation and the use of technologies in accountability initiatives UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13451 Y2 - 2018/03/23/08:34:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reflection methods: Tools to make learning more meaningful AU - Gordijn, Femke AU - Eernstman, Natalia AU - Helder, Jan AU - Brouwer, Herman AB - This handbook summarises methods that can be used to facilitate the process of reflection on the knowledge and experiences people acquire during a capacity development trajectory or training event. We believe that by explicitly integrating reflection in the learning process the learning will become clearer and better articulated and will contribute more strongly to meaningful change. Therefore we advise facilitators to deliberately include reflective learning sessions in their process design and implementation. This handbook can inspire you to do so and provides many methods which help to facilitate this. CY - Wageningen DA - 2018/01// PY - 2018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation ST - Reflection methods UR - https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/b03d4b46-36ad-4d89-a7cf-2669f0b43319 Y2 - 2023/02/09/12:00:14 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Innovation lifecycle and the missing middle AU - Gray, Ian AU - McClure, Dan T2 - Managing Humanitarian Innovation - The cutting edge of aid A2 - James, Eric A2 - Taylor, Abigail DA - 2018/01// PY - 2018 DP - DataCite SP - 51 EP - 60 PB - Practical Action Publishing UR - https://practicalactionpublishing.com/book/1325/managing-humanitarian-innovation Y2 - 2018/04/26/14:48:07 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Appropriating technology for accountability: messages from Making All Voices Count AU - McGee, Rosemary AU - Edwards, Duncan AU - Hudson, Hannah AU - Anderson, Colin AU - Feruglio, Francesca AB - Making All Voices Count was a programme designed to solve the ‘grand challenge’ of creating more effective democratic governance and accountability around the world. It used funding from four donors to support the development and spread of innovative ideas for solving governance problems – many of them involving tools and platforms based on mobile phone and web technologies. Between 2013 and 2017, the programme made grants for innovation and scaling projects that aimed to amplify the voices of citizens and enable governments to listen and respond. It also conducted research and issued research grants to explore the roles that technology can play in securing responsive, accountable government and building an evidence base. This synthesis report reviews the Making All Voices Count’s four-and-a-half years of operational experience and learning. It shares 14 key messages on the roles technologies can play in enabling citizen voice and accountable and responsive governance. These messages are presented in four sections: (1) Applying technologies as technical fixes to solve service delivery problems; (2) Applying technologies to broader, systemic governance challenges ; (3) Applying technologies to build the foundations of democratic and accountable governance systems; (4) Applying technologies for the public ‘bad’, when tech can be dangerous for democracy. The tech optimism of the era in which the programme was conceived can now be reappraised from the better-informed vantage point of hindsight. Making All Voices Count’s wealth of diverse and grounded experience and documentation provides an evidence base that should enable a more sober and mature position of tech realism as the field of tech for accountable governance continues to evolve. CY - Brighton DA - 2018/01// PY - 2018 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en M3 - MAVC Research Report PB - IDS ST - Appropriating technology for accountability UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13452 Y2 - 2018/03/23/08:36:04 ER - TY - ELEC TI - About the BEAM Exchange T2 - BEAM Exchange DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://beamexchange.org/about-beam/ Y2 - 2019/03/01/11:21:10 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Collaboration for Impact AB - The site seeks to accelerate the adoption of system collaboration and Collective Impact in Australia. It does so by creating knowledge, network and tools; shining a light on successful Collective Impact initiatives; and building an Australian community of practice. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://collaborationforimpact.com Y2 - 2023/01/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Donor Committee for Enterprise Development T2 - DCED AB - The DCED is a forum for learning about the most effective ways to fulfil the SDGs – based on practical experience in Private Sector Development (PSD). DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en-GB UR - https://www.enterprise-development.org/ Y2 - 2019/03/01/11:20:33 ER - TY - COMP TI - Feedback Commons DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Keystone Accountability UR - https://feedbackcommons.org/ Y2 - 2019/07/16/21:21:47 ER - TY - ELEC TI - MIRADI: Adaptive Management Software for Conservation Projects DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://www.miradi.org/ ER - TY - ELEC TI - NetworkWeaver T2 - NetworkWeaver AB - Weaving Smart Networks DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en-US UR - https://networkweaver.com/ Y2 - 2018/12/19/12:43:11 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Swiss Programme for Research on Global Issues for Development (r4d programme) - NFP [Nr.] AB - Research and innovation are decisive factors for sustainable global development. With their knowledge, skills, experience and worldwide network of partners, researchers can make an important contribution towards the solution of global problems. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en UR - http://www.r4d.ch/r4d-programme Y2 - 2019/03/01/13:02:37 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Lean Data Approaches to Measure Social Impact AU - ACUMEN T2 - NovoEd DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://plusacumen.novoed.com/#!/courses/lean-data-2018-2/flyer Y2 - 2018/06/28/17:11:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - An introduction to systems thinking and tools for systems thinking AU - Allen, Will AU - Kilvington, Margaret AB - Systems thinking is an approach to integration that is based on the belief that the component parts of a system will act differently when isolated from the system’s environment or other parts of the system. THIS PAGE PROVIDES PLENTY OF RESOURCES ON SYSTEM THINKING CY - Wellington DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en-US PB - Learning fro Sustainability UR - https://learningforsustainability.net/systems-thinking/ Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:41:37 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making humanitarian response more flexible: bibliography AU - ALNAP DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 20 M3 - ALNAP Background Paper UR - https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/ALNAP%20Making%20humanitarian%20response%20more%20flexible%20biblio.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Combining Big Data and Thick Data to Improve Services Delivery AU - Ang, Yuen Yuen DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - IBM Center for The Business of Government UR - http://www.businessofgovernment.org/node/2513 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Evaluating interventions that prevent or counter violent extremism: A practical guide A3 - Hofman, Joanna A3 - Sutherland, Alex DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Crossref SP - 173 LA - en PB - RAND Corporation ST - Evaluating interventions that prevent or counter violent extremism UR - https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2094.html Y2 - 2019/09/17/10:53:42 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluating Systems Change Results: an inquiry framework AU - Cabaj, Mark DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero SP - 22 LA - en PB - Tamarack Institute UR - https://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/evaluating-impact-evaluating-systems-change ER - TY - RPRT TI - What's missing? Adding context to the urban response toolbox AU - Campbell, Leah T2 - ALNAP Study CY - London DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - ALNAP/ODI UR - https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/Whats%20Missing_Adding%20context%20to%20the%20urban%20response%20toolbox_Digital.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/06/16:50:24 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Global governance and local peace: accountability and performance in international peacebuilding AU - Campbell, Susanna AB - Local peacebuilding and global accountability -- The country context--Burundi from 1999 to 2014 -- Ingos in peacebuilding--globally unaccountable, locally adaptive -- International organizations in peacebuilding--globally accountable, locally constrained -- Bilateral development donors--accountable for global targets, not local change CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom New York, NY Port Melbourne, Australia DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 292 LA - eng PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-108-41865-2 ST - Global governance and local peace ER - TY - RPRT TI - 2018 Map of the Complexity Sciences AU - Castellani, Brian AB - A map that provides a macroscopic, trans-disciplinary introductions to the complexity sciences. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Durham University UR - http://www.art-sciencefactory.com/complexity-map_feb09.html Y2 - 2018/10/02/13:26:42 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strengthening Advocacy and Civic Engagemetn in Nigeria AU - Chemonics DA - 2018//12/ PY - 2018 PB - Chemonics International UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TPWG.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/01/12:18:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban climate adaptation and the reshaping of state–society relations: The politics of community knowledge and mobilisation in Indore, India AU - Chu, Eric K T2 - Urban Studies AB - Current research on climate change adaptation in cities highlights the role of local governments in facilitating adaptation actions, but rarely assesses whether (and if so, how) local communities organise around emerging climate priorities to affect political change. This paper explores changing state–society relationships through the reconstitution of community collectives and advocacy organisations for advancing climate change adaptation in the Indian city of Indore. The paper shows that communities are indeed recognising the need for adaptation but are, at the same time, integrating adaptation actions with existing strategies for advocating development rights. Communities are also rebuilding alliances between municipal and local institutions for public service and infrastructure provision, which point to the centrality of community politics in urban climate adaptation processes. However, such mobilisations are often dependent on existing political networks and a legacy of advocacy around poverty alleviation needs, which sideline more transformative agendas around inclusiveness, equity, and resilient urban futures. DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1177/0042098016686509 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 55 IS - 8 SP - 1766 EP - 1782 LA - en SN - 0042-0980, 1360-063X ST - Urban climate adaptation and the reshaping of state–society relations UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0042098016686509 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:15:15 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Rwanda Multi-Donor Civil Society Support Programme (2015-2021) AU - DFID T2 - Development Tracker AB - Project data for the Rwanda Multi-Donor Civil Society Support Programme (2015-2021). Strengthened civil society engagement on critical social cohesion, reconciliation and governance issues in Rwanda. DFID will provide funding and technical support to Rwandan civil society organisations to support the design and implementation of governance and reconciliation focused initiatives, and to support more effective engagement (influencing) with government on these issues. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://devtracker.dfid.gov.uk/projects/GB-1-203927/documents Y2 - 2019/04/16/10:10:21 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Adding Up to Peace: The Cumulative Impacts of Peace Initiatives AU - Diana Chigas AU - Peter Woodrow AB - Adding Up to Peace: The Cumulative Impacts of Peace Initiatives aims to identify how cumulative impacts in peace practice operate at all levels, in order to provide practical lessons for policymakers, donors and practitioners to develop more effective strategies for greater progress towards peace. This book builds on CDA’s Reflecting on Peace Practice Project (RPP), launched to answer the question: What works—and what doesn’t work—in peacebuilding? It seeks to deepen our understanding of how multiple peacebuilding initiatives in a conflict zone interacted and added up (or didn’t), to result in progress towards larger societal level peace, or Peace Writ Large. The findings are a product of sixteen case studies conducted between 2007 and 2012, gathering the perceptions of both local and international stakeholders. The finalization of this book was generously funded by Humanity United. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Humanity United or of CDA Collaborative Learning Projects. CY - Cambridge, MA DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en-US PB - CDA Collaborative Learning Projects ST - Adding Up to Peace UR - https://www.cdacollaborative.org/publication/adding-peace-cumulative-impacts-peace-initiatives/ Y2 - 2022/06/17/13:38:01 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Principles for Digital Development AU - digitalprinciples.org DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://digitalprinciples.org/ ER - TY - ELEC TI - Food security indicators AU - FAO T2 - ESS Website DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-fs/ess-fadata/en/#.XRp3auhKg2w Y2 - 2019/07/01/21:13:24 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Development Switchboard - Final Report (Internal Document) AU - Feedback Labs DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - LearnAdapt Programme ER - TY - RPRT TI - Switchboard Survey Analysis (Internal Document) AU - Feedback Labs DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - LearnAdapt Programme ER - TY - RPRT TI - FeverBee’s Online Community Strategy Template AU - FeverBee DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - FeverBee UR - http://course.feverbee.com/PSCommunityStrategyTemplate.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/10/14:29:24 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Survey Template - Help decide the future of the [name] Community Survey AU - FeverBee DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - FeverBee UR - https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/NX6P86Y Y2 - 2018/10/10/14:23:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The usability of climate information in sub-national planning in India, Kenya and Uganda: the role of social learning and intermediary organisations AU - Fisher, Susannah AU - Dodman, David AU - Epp, Marissa Van AU - Garside, Ben T2 - Climatic Change AB - Abstract Research on using climate information has often focused on the interaction between users and producers and the technical fit of information for real decision-making. However, due to resource and capacity constraints within both user and producer communities, this approach will not always be feasible or indeed necessary depending on the decisions at hand. These contexts have been relatively under-explored by scholars, and this paper provides an original empirical contribution using three case studies of sub-national governments in India, Kenya and Uganda. In the paper, we analyse how social learning supports changing the usability of climate information and the role of intermediary organisations in these processes. Firstly, the paper shows that intermediaries often choose to build the commitment to project aims rather than using climate information as an entry point to working on climate change, and this allows them to instigate challenging learning processes. Secondly, there are barriers to iterative processes and critical reflection with government stakeholders but these processes can gain traction when built into institutional practices such as formal M&E processes. Lastly, social learning can broaden the framing of climate change from a single sector issue to a multi-sectoral one. We conclude by arguing that bringing together scholarship on social learning with that on the usability of climate information can deepen understanding of the dynamic context in which the information becomes usable. The evidence from the case studies shows that learning processes can alter this context across scales. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1007/s10584-018-2291-2 DP - ideas.repec.org VL - 151 IS - 2 SP - 219 EP - 245 LA - en ST - The usability of climate information in sub-national planning in India, Kenya and Uganda UR - https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/climat/v151y2018i2d10.1007_s10584-018-2291-2.html Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:27:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between adaptive management of social-ecological systems and law: a systematic review AU - Frohlich, Miguel F. AU - Jacobson, Chris AU - Fidelman, Pedro AU - Smith, Timothy F. T2 - Ecology and Society AB - Adaptive management has been considered a valuable approach for managing social-ecological systems involving high levels of complexity and uncertainty. However, many obstacles still hamper its implementation. Law is often seen as a barrier for moving adaptive management beyond theory, although there has been no synthesis on the challenges of legal constraints or how to overcome them. We contribute to filling this knowledge gap by providing a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on the relationship between adaptive management and law in relation to social-ecological systems. We analyze how the scholarship defines the concept of adaptive management, identifies the legal barriers to adaptive management, and the legal strategies suggested for enabling this approach. Research efforts in this domain are still highly geographically concentrated in the United States of America, unveiling gaps concerning the analysis of other legal jurisdictions. Overall, our results show that more flexible legal frameworks can allow for adaptive management without undermining the role of law in providing stability to social interactions. Achieving this balance will likely require the reform of existing laws, regulations, and other legal instruments. Legal reforms can facilitate the emergence of adaptive governance, with the potential to support not only adaptive management implementation but also to make law itself more adaptive. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.5751/ES-10060-230223 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 23 IS - 2 J2 - E&S LA - en SN - 1708-3087 ST - The relationship between adaptive management of social-ecological systems and law UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol23/iss2/art23/ Y2 - 2019/11/08/09:14:19 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Our priorities in international assistance AU - GAC T2 - GAC AB - For Global Affairs Canada, development innovation includes new or improved business models, policy practices, approaches, technologies, behavioral insights or ways of delivering products and services that benefit and empower the poorest and most vulnerable people in developing countries. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - eng UR - https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development-enjeux_developpement/priorities-priorites Y2 - 2019/05/31/10:55:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - GIZ's Evaluation Policy: Principles, guidelines and requirements of our evaluation practice AU - GIZ CY - Bonn DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 16 PB - GIZ UR - https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/GIZ_EVAL_EN_evaluation%20policy.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - GIZ’s evaluation system AU - GIZ Evaluation Unit AB - This provides a general description of GIZ’s new evaluation system, which is designed to implement our new policy and to achieve the objectives of evaluation reform. This general description is accompanied by two other documents that provide supplementary details of GIZ’s key evaluation instruments: project evaluations for BMZ business and corporate strategic evaluations. They are geared in particular to GIZ staff members who commission, implement or support evaluations and to evaluators who conduct evaluations on behalf of GIZ as well as repre-sentatives of commissioning parties, clients and cooperation partners. The current versions are very much a ‘work in progress’ in many regards. We are well aware that we will only be able to meet our own high expectations of our evaluations if we continue to develop their quality in dialogue with project staff, our commissioning parties, clients and partners and with evaluation practitioners and experts from the academic, scientific and research community. We look forward to taking on this task and to sharing our experience with all interested parties. CY - Bonn DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - GIZ GmbH UR - https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/GIZ_EVAL_EN_general%20description.pdf Y2 - 2023/03/28/09:51:55 ER - TY - RPRT TI - GLAM Monitoring and Learning Strategy (internal document) AU - GLAM CY - London DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - ODI ER - TY - RPRT TI - Summer School Course - Adaptive Management - Working Effectively in the Complexity of International Development (weekplan) AU - Green, Duncan AU - Guijt, Irene CY - Bologna DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Oxfam UR - http://www.cid-bo.org/2018/Summer%20school/Adaptive-management_2018.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - Leaving No One Behind in a Digital World AU - Hernandez, Kevin AU - Roberts, Tony T2 - K4D Emerging Issues Report CY - Brighton, UK DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Institute of Development Studies UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c178371ed915d0b8a31a404/Emerging_Issues_LNOBDW_final.pdf Y2 - 2023/06/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Measuring Up: Evaluating the Impact of P/CVE Programs AU - Holmer, Georgia AU - Bauman, Peter AB - This report considers the various conceptual and practical challenges in measuring the impact and value of programs designed to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE). It examines potential solutions and emphasizes the significance of efforts to assess changes in attitudes, behaviors, and relationships. The report was developed in tandem with “Taking Stock: Analytic Tools for Understanding and Designing P/CVE Programs” and seeks to help advance more rigor and sustainability in P/CVE programming. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - United States Institute of Peace ER - TY - BOOK TI - Navigation by Judgment: Why and when Top Down Management of Foreign Aid Doesn't Work AU - Honig, Dan AB - Foreign aid organizations collectively spend hundreds of billions of dollars annually, with mixed results. Part of the problem in these endeavors lies in their execution. When should foreign aid organizations empower actors on the front lines of delivery to guide aid interventions, and when should distant headquarters lead? In Navigation by Judgment, Dan Honig argues that high-quality implementation of foreign aid programs often requires contextual information that cannot be seen by those in distant headquarters. Tight controls and a focus on reaching pre-set measurable targets often prevent front-line workers from using skill, local knowledge, and creativity to solve problems in ways that maximize the impact of foreign aid. Drawing on a novel database of over 14,000 discrete development projects across nine aid agencies and eight paired case studies of development projects, Honig concludes that aid agencies will often benefit from giving field agents the authority to use their own judgments to guide aid delivery. This "navigation by judgment" is particularly valuable when environments are unpredictable and when accomplishing an aid program's goals is hard to accurately measure. Highlighting a crucial obstacle for effective global aid, Navigation by Judgment shows that the management of aid projects matters for aid effectiveness. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 285 LA - en PB - Oxford University Press SN - 978-0-19-067245-4 ST - Navigation by Judgment ER - TY - RPRT TI - Building a Learning Community in Liberia Through Partnerships at iCampus AU - iCampus T2 - 2018 CLA Case Competition AB - Accountability Lab Liberia (ALab) and iLab Liberia established iCampus- a shared innovation, co-working and community space for organizations focusing on the intersection of technology, accountability and social change in Liberia. ALab implements DAI’s Learning activities at iCampus, and it is referred to as the Strategic Learning Partner of USAID Liberia Accountability and Voice Initiative (LAVI). LAVI is a five year USAID program with an overarching goal to strengthen multi-stakeholder partnerships to advocate for and monitor policy and accountability reforms. The iCampus CLA case scenario captures joint efforts of Accountability Lab Liberia, iLab Liberia and USAID LAVI, to ensure that learning and methodologies are shared and applied by development actors; address common capacity challenges that particularly hinder civil society from engaging in evidence-based and issues-based advocacy using various approaches, including network-building, creation of a cross-sectoral learning space- through collaboration and learning. In 2017, iCampus conducted a learning mapping survey to understand how organizations are learning in Liberia. The result indicated that frameworks and concepts of organizational learning are not yet well understood or used to guide strategic or programmatic practices, by either Liberian or international organizations. ALab, iLab and USAID LAVI then adopted a set of strategies, that led to the implementation of a CLA, enabling the establishment of the first multi-sectoral learning community in Liberia. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - USAID LEARN UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/building_a_learning_community_in_liberia_through_partnerships_at_icampus.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/11/14:51:14 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Tips for Finding Unusual Allies and Building Innovative Alliances AU - Jacobstein, David T2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - One of the truisms of thinking and working politically (TWP) is that it requires looking differently at how stakeholders relate to a given development challenge or process, and building coalitions of the “right actors at the right time” who can drive forward progress while working with the grain of the context. While it’s easy to call for coalitions for change and diverse stakeholder engagement, identifying allies beyond those already seized with an issue, and finding ways to collaborate with stakeholders who may have different reasons for joining a coalition, is a challenging task. These are some suggested tips to improve working in that fashion. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/tips-finding-unusual-allies-and-building-innovative-alliances ER - TY - RPRT TI - The water of Systems Change AU - Kania, John AU - Kramer, Mark AU - Senge, Peter AB - Foundations involved in systems change can increase their odds for success by focusing on the least explicit but most powerful conditions for change, while also turning the lens on themselves. The Water of Systems Change aims to clarify what it means to shift these conditions. We offer the “inverted triangle” framework as an actionable model for funders and others interested in creating systems change, particularly those who are working to advance equity. Top Takeaways Systems change is about advancing equity by shifting the conditions that hold a problem in place. To fully embrace systems change, funders should be prepared to see how their own ways of thinking and acting must change as well. Shifts in system conditions are more likely to be sustained when working at three different levels of change: explicit, semi-explicit, and implicit. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - FSG UR - https://www.fsg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/The-Water-of-Systems-Change_rc.pdf Y2 - 2024/02/12/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The water of Systems Change: Action learning exercise AU - Kania, John AU - Kramer, Mark AU - Senge, Peter AB - Based on the “inverted triangle” framework presented in The Water of Systems Change, this activity is designed to help individuals think systemically about social change, explore what is happening below the surface on issues they care about, and determine how they and their organizations can pursue large-scale change in a disciplined and holistic manner. The exercise is divided into 3 parts: Part I uses the “inverted pyramid” introduced in The Water of Systems Change to perform an external assessment of opportunities to make progress on the social or environmental issue you are focused on. Part II uses the same framework to consider internal conditions within yourself and your organization that should change in order for you to better support progress on your issue. Part III takes what was developed in Parts I and II and asks “What to do next?” DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - FSG UR - https://www.fsg.org/tools-and-resources/water-systems-change-action-learning-exercise Y2 - 2024/02/12/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst for Healthcare Associated Infections AU - Lee, Bruce Y. T2 - Grantome AB - Understanding and preventing the spread of both endemic and emerging healthcare-associated infectious diseases throughout hospitals and nursing homes is a national priority. Our work has shown that the many disparate inpatient healthcare facilities in a region can form a complex healthcare ecosystem connected by both direct and indirect patient sharing allowing pathogens in one health care facility to readily spread to other facilities. Our goal is to further develop RHEA (Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst) into a user-friendly software tool that decision makers (e.g., policy makers, funders, product developers and manufacturers, healthcare administrators, infection prevention specialists, researchers, and educators) can readily use to help healthcare ecosystems prevent and control the spread of an endemic pathogen, methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and an emerging pathogen, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). This next generation of RHEA will bring multiple innovations by: 1) further elucidating the interconnectedness of the ecosystem and showcasing the value of cooperation among facilities versus the current individual facility approach to infectious disease control, 2) incorporating new healthcare ecosystem responses for endemic MRSA and emerging CRE, 3) continuing our work integrating economic and operational models into a framework of infectious disease epidemiological models, 4) imbuing virtual patients with characteristics linked to MRSA and CRE transmission and outcome risk, 5) building a comprehensive """"""""virtual laboratory"""""""" to help address many existing and future healthcare ecosystem infectious disease questions, and 6) building a user-friendly modeling tool that decision makers can use. The project will continue our team's longstanding modeling work and developing computational tools for decision makers via three specific aims. First, completing Specific Aim 1 will expand RHEA by adding the following capabilities: i) integrated clinical outcome and economic models, ii) more extensive and detailed patient characteristics linked to changes in infection risk and costs, iii) expanded HAI control measures, and iv) stochastic and adaptive disease parameters to represent emerging and evolving diseases. Next, Specific Aim 2 will use our newly expanded RHEA framework to model a sample endemic pathogen, MRSA, and a sample emerging pathogen, CRE to identify optimal control strategies even when pathogen characteristics are evolving. Finally, Specific Aim 3 will involve developing a user-friendly interface for RHEA and deploying it as a healthcare ecosystem computational modeling tool that various stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, healthcare administrators, infection control specialists, funders, and product manufacturers) can readily use to make decisions regarding the control of healthcare-associated infections. Public Health Relevance Understanding and preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infectious diseases throughout hospitals and nursing homes is a national priority. Simulation models can serve as virtual laboratories to help identify best practice solutions for containing common [such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)] and emerging [e.g., carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)] causes of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Our goal is to develop our software RHEA (Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst) into a computational modeling tool that can be used directly by decision makers to identify, develop, and evaluate strategies and interventions to reduce HAIs across a large geographic region. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-HS023317-01 Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The landscape of innovation approaches AU - Leurs, Bas AB - An overview of innovation methods and approaches we’ve come across in government innovation practice. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en M3 - text/html PB - States of Change UR - https://states-of-change.org/resources/landscape-of-innovation-approaches Y2 - 2021/05/07/14:04:28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards transformative social learning on the path to 1.5 degrees AU - Macintyre, Thomas AU - Lotz-Sisitka, Heila AU - Wals, Arjen AU - Vogel, Coleen AU - Tassone, Valentina T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2017.12.003 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 31 SP - 80 EP - 87 LA - en SN - 18773435 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877343517300817 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:16:49 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Developing and Using Useful ToCs AU - Mayne, John T2 - Evergreen Briefing Note AB - Developing useful theories of change (ToCs) for anintervention, especially complex interventions, is not straightforward nor something done in a couple of hourswith limited effort. Agreement is needed on a number of basic concepts and terms, key challenges need to be addressed, and there are numerous issues that need to be considered.Butthe effort is worth the investment of resources and time.Theory-based evaluation approaches need good ToCs.Some of the ideas here are discussed in the context of agricultural research for nutrition and health interventions by Mayne and Johnson (2015) (10) Developing and Using Useful ToCs. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323868372_Developing_and_Using_Useful_ToCs [accessed Jun 13 2018]. DA - 2018/03// PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323868372_Developing_and_Using_Useful_ToCs Y2 - 2018/06/13/13:33:41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using evidence to influence policy: Oxfam’s experience AU - Mayne, Ruth AU - Green, Duncan AU - Guijt, Irene AU - Walsh, Martin AU - English, Richard AU - Cairney, Paul T2 - Palgrave Communications AB - Policymaking is rarely ‘evidence-based’. Rather, policy can only be strongly evidence-informed if its advocates act effectively. Policy theories suggest that they can do so by learning the rules of political systems, and by forming relationships and networks with key actors to build up enough knowledge of their environment and trust from their audience. This knowledge allows them to craft effective influencing strategies, such as to tell a persuasive and timely story about an urgent policy problem and its most feasible solution. Empirical case studies help explain when, how, and why such strategies work in context. If analysed carefully, they can provide transferable lessons for researchers and advocates that are seeking to inform or influence policymaking. Oxfam Great Britain has become an experienced and effective advocate of evidence-informed policy change, offering lessons for building effective action. In this article, we combine insights from policy studies with specific case studies of Oxfam campaigns to describe four ways to promote the uptake of research evidence in policy: (1) learn how policymaking works, (2) design evidence to maximise its influence on specific audiences, (3) design and use additional influencing strategies such as insider persuasion or outsider pressure, and adapt the presentation of evidence and influencing strategies to the changing context, and (4) embrace trial and error. The supply of evidence is one important but insufficient part of this story. DA - 2018/12// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1057/s41599-018-0176-7 DP - Crossref VL - 4 IS - 1 LA - en SN - 2055-1045 ST - Using evidence to influence policy UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0176-7 Y2 - 2018/11/28/12:13:58 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation Building Blocks: A Guide AU - McKegg, K. AU - Oakden, J. AU - Wehipeihana, N. AU - King, Julian AB - This guide presents the Kinnect Group’s approach to evaluation. Developed through ten years of collaborative work, it has been well tested. While there are many other guides to evaluation and different ways to do it, our approach emphasises the place of evaluative reasoning in evaluation. The guide draws on the work of many evaluation theorists, as well as our practice-based body of knowledge. We hope that using the building blocks as explained in the guide will help you in your endeavour to do credible and useful evaluation. We find this approach works for us. Our clients tell us it gives them meaningful and insightful findings that they can use to take action. Our view to intellectual property is simple. What you read is yours to use. We just ask that you cite the guide when you draw from it. For those of you who engage with this guide and use it in your practice, we look forward to hearing from you. We are particularly interested in feedback where you find aspects of the guide work well for you. In that way we can all continue to build and evolve our practice. CY - Auckland DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Kinnect Group UR - https://www.kinnect.co.nz/site_files/32691/upload_files/blog/evaluationbuildingblocks_a-guide_final_v1.pdf?dl=1 Y2 - 2023/09/29/10:47:45 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Indispensable Community: Why Some Brand Communities Thrive When Others Perish AU - Millington, Richard AB - How to Build Bigger, Better, and More Active Online CommunitiesBuzzing Communities cuts through the fluff to offer a clear process for creating thriving online communities. This book combines a century of proven science, dozens of real-life examples, practical tips, and trusted community-building methods. This step-by-step guide includes a lifecycle for tracking your progress and a framework for managing your organization's community efforts. This Book Will Help You to Understand what the members of your community really want. Dramatically increase the number of newcomers that become regulars. Avoid the mistakes most organizations make when they try to build online communities. Develop a fantastic, user-friendly website for your members. Grow your online community to critical mass and beyond Keep members engaged and active in your community. Measure the community's return on investment and explain the benefits to your organization. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - English PB - Feverbee ER - TY - RPRT TI - States of Change - Learning programme AU - Nesta CY - London DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Nesta UR - https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/states_of_change_-_scoping_workshop_-_day_2.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/03/09:30:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Dynamic gridlock: Adaptive Humanitarian Action in the Democratic Republic of Congo AU - Obrecht, Alice T2 - ALNAP Country Study DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 51 PB - ODI/ALNAP UR - https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/alnap-2018-adaptiveness-DRC-case-study_1.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - OECD Development Assistance Committee Peer Review of Canada AU - OECD DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/peer-reviews/Memorandum-of-Canada-2018.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/31/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the Design of Behavior Change Interventions: A Case Study of Rhino Horn in Vietnam AU - Olmedo, Alegría AU - Sharif, Vian AU - Milner‐Gulland, E. J. T2 - Conservation Letters AB - Behavioral change interventions are increasingly widely used in conservation. Several projects addressing rhino horn consumption were recently launched in Vietnam. We used key informant interviews, document analysis, and marketing theory to explore their strategies for intervention design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. We developed a framework to evaluate whether they followed best practice and identify implementation challenges. Interventions could make greater use of key project design steps, including basing interventions on robust research to understand the behavior in question, identifying the target audience whose behavior interventions aim to change, and developing measures that can provide reliable evidence of success or not. Challenges include the need for law enforcement to complement campaigns; improving cooperation between NGOs; and clearly defining aims of demand-reduction initiatives. Using best practice from other fields and considering demand reduction within the wider context of wildlife, trade policy will help address these challenges. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1111/conl.12365 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - e12365 LA - en SN - 1755-263X ST - Evaluating the Design of Behavior Change Interventions UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/conl.12365 Y2 - 2019/05/16/15:18:20 KW - Awareness KW - Ilegal wildlife trade KW - Project design KW - demand reduction KW - social marketing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Knowledge Management strategies and processes in Agile Software Development: a systematic literature review AU - Ouriques, Raquel Andrade Barros AU - Wnuk, Krzysztof AU - Gorschek, Tony AU - Svensson, Richard Berntsson T2 - CoRR AB - Knowledge-intensive companies that adopt Agile Software Development (ASD) relay on efficient implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) strategies to promotes different Knowledge Processes (KPs) to gain competitive advantage. This study aims to DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero VL - abs/1807.04962 LA - en UR - https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1807/1807.04962.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Outcome Harvesting. Understanding social change results in complex circumstances AU - outcomeharvesting.net AB - This website is a source of applications, events and resources to support the development of a community of practitioners of Outcome Harvesting. BetterEvaluation is one of three sister sites of OutcomeHarvesting.net DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - http://outcomeharvesting.net/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Illegal Wildlife Trade - Frameworks AU - Oxford Martin Programme on the Illegal Wildlife Trade T2 - Oxford Martin Programme on the Illegal Wildlife Trade AB - Our frameworks will enable a better understanding of wildlife product consumer preferences and motivations to effectively influence the system. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en-GB UR - http://www.illegalwildlifetrade.net/research/frameworks-approaches-and-methods/ Y2 - 2019/02/25/15:39:28 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Doing Development Differently at Scale AU - Pellini, Arnaldo AU - Karetji, Petrarca C. AU - Soekadis, Ade T2 - Knowledge, Politics and Policymaking in Indonesia A2 - Pellini, Arnaldo A2 - Prasetiamartati, Budiati A2 - Nugroho, Kharisma Priyo A2 - Jackson, Elisabeth A2 - Carden, Fred AB - In recent decades there has been an increasing recognition that politics and political institutions matter for development. There is also a much greater interest in contextually grounded approaches. This has stemmed from an acknowledgement that purely technocratic approaches to development often result in failure because they do not take into account the nature of political institutions. Nor do they take account of the context in a particular developing country and the interests and incentives of powerful national actors. Policy processes are embedded in specific social, political and organisational contexts. Approaches that focus on implementing universal best practices in evidence-informed policymaking are unlikely to be successful. Instead, what is needed is an approach that takes the local context as the starting point for understanding what issues are relevant to policymakers and developing contextually appropriate solutions. The authors of this chapter reflect on the management approaches and systems that may be required to enable and support large-scale development programmes to be flexible and adaptive to the local policy context and circumstances. The chapter argues that such programmes struggle to adopt adaptive management principle and that to do that at scale requires some changes in the way such programmes are managed. CY - Singapore DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Springer Link SP - 131 EP - 146 LA - en PB - Springer Singapore SN - 9789811301674 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0167-4_8 Y2 - 2018/09/21/08:57:49 KW - Adaptive Management KW - Doing development differently KW - Evidence-informed policymaking KW - Indonesia KW - Knowledge sector KW - Thinking and working politically ER - TY - RPRT TI - Review of Selected DFAT Facilities: Independent Consultant Report to DFAT, Key Findings AU - Pieper, Lynn AB - For the purposes of this report, a facility is defined as an aid delivery mechanism that provides flexible (adaptive and responsive) services managed in an integrated way. Objectives (or endof-facility outcomes) are specified, but the pathways to deliver them are left unspecified. The facility is a highly relevant model for delivering Australian aid effectively. Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals depends on flexible approaches that work across sectors and that integrate significant cross-cutting themes such as gender equality and social inclusion. Efficient DFAT management of a $4 billion aid program requires a shift to fewer and larger initiatives, to make best use of limited internal management resources while still enabling policy and program choices that can have real impact. Facilities and other flexible delivery mechanisms offer significant potential for better development results. They can: enable collaborative and responsive partnership approaches to gain traction; allow activities to experiment and adapt based on progress, demand and contextual changes; and provide the opportunity for outcome-focused coherence across sectors, enabling the whole to be more than the sum of the parts. Facilities are not new, but they are different today. Facilities have existed since at least the mid-1990s. What is new is that some facilities today are very large; and the flexibility they enable is increasingly and consciously being used to strengthen links between the technical and the political, for more effective development results. This is a positive trend, but it adds enormously to their complexity and visibility, creates new risks, and has resulted in role confusion (especially in early years of implementation) between DFAT and its contractors. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - DFAT UR - https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/independent-facilities-review.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Positive Deviance Initiative AU - Positive Deviance Initiative DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://positivedeviance.org/ Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Poverty Stoplight AU - povertystoplight.org AB - What is the Poverty Stoplight? The Stoplight is a tool that seeks to activate the potential of families and communities to lift themselves out of poverty. Using a technology platform, it offers a self-assessment survey and intervention model that enables people to develop practical solutions to overcome their specific needs. We work with organizations from different sectors around the world and bring together a network of powerful actors with one clear mission: eliminate poverty worldwide. The Stoplight Community is comprised of government agencies, private companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, non-profits, cooperatives, microfinance organizations, academic institutions, and sports clubs, among others. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://www.povertystoplight.org/ Y2 - 2023/04/27/13:54:23 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Decision-Making and Data Use Landscaping [at DFID] AU - Powell, Josh AU - Orton-Vipond, Sarah AU - Bhatia, Vinisha AU - Kilroy, Annie AB - As DFID aims to harness the Data Revolution, ensuring that data1 drive decision-making, public accountability, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring that systems, processes, and skills for data are aligned with these objectives is paramount. Across sector policy teams, country offices, and various analytical and technical cadres, different strengths and weaknesses, as well as needs and ambitions exist. To inform a strategic approach to data, as framed in its forthcoming Data Roadmap, DFID collaborated with Development Gateway to perform a Decision and Data Use Landscaping study. This report details lessons learned from approximately 60 interviews across 4 DFID country offices, all sector policy teams, senior managers, and various analytical and technical cadres and offices. CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Development Gateway UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c9501d3e5274a3ca568e783/Better_Data_Better_Decisions_-_Data_Landscape_Study_Study.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Snapshot of Adaptive Management in Peacebuilding Programs AU - Queen, Emily Forsyth AU - Baumgardner-Zuzik, Jessica AU - Hume, Elizabeth AU - Greenberg, Melanie AB - The Alliance for Peacebuilding developed the report Snapshot of Adaptive Management in Peacebuilding Programs with support from Humanity United. This report examines how existing organizational programs are designing and learning from adaptive management in a conflict effected and fragile states. It further provides practical recommendations for applying adaptive management to peacebuilding programs based on synthesis … Continue reading "Snapshot of Adaptive Management in Peacebuilding Programs" CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en-US PB - Alliance for Peacebuilding UR - https://www.dmeforpeace.org/resource/snapshot-of-adaptive-management-in-peacebuilding-programs/ Y2 - 2020/08/13/11:05:14 KW - KEY ER - TY - JOUR TI - What are you afraid of: Collective leadership and its learning implications AU - Raelin, Joseph A T2 - Management Learning AB - In this provocation, the author attempts to cite the advantages of collective leadership while acknowledging the objections and fears of challengers. Collective leadership is seen as remote because it defies the traditional view of leadership as an individualistic attractive quality that not only protects us but is efficient when applied. Nevertheless, the collective alternative may not only be advisable but required in a connected world featuring a networked economy. The contemporary socio-politico-economic environment requires the contribution of, creativity from, and collaboration among multiple agents providing a dynamic concentration of management and knowledge. If we are to accept and recognize the contribution of a collective leadership, its development would require an entirely different learning model. In particular, collective leadership development occurs as an acute immersion into the practices that are embedded within in situ material–discursive relations—in other words, among people, objects, and their institutions. DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1177/1350507617729974 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 66 J2 - Management Learning LA - en SN - 1350-5076, 1461-7307 ST - What are you afraid of UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1350507617729974 Y2 - 2023/05/22/13:07:23 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What We Do: Getting Beyond Statistics AU - Sense Guide T2 - Sensemaker narrative monitoring AB - Our approach Understanding daily life reality with micro-narratives Narratives and more specifically micro-narratives are a fundamental and ancient way by which humans interpret their experience and make decisions. SenseMaker® provides the ability to capture and understand those narratives. Through the web or app environment the software allows the capture of pictures, recordings and writing in various combinations to reflect how the respondents are making sense of the world. Reducing cognitive bias with self signification In a patented method, the respondent then interprets their own story into a series of abstract constructs (‘signifiers’) that feel more like a game than a survey, but allow profound meaning to emerge. This interpretation adds layers of meaning rather than simply interpreting the story and provides quantitative data to detect visual patterns among stories. The patterns are linked back to the original material enabling a deeper dive into individual stories. If the researcher first look for patterns in the metadata using statistical or visual tools, he or she is less likely to be biased by content and prematurely converge on an interpretation. Evidence based insights that enables action The output of SenseMaker® is statistical data backed up by explanatory narrative. This means that advocacy is an integral part of the system. Numbers on their own appear objective but are not persuasive; anecdotes on their own may be persuasive but are not objective. SenseMaker® puts the two together and provides a powerful means of persuasion. It also enables action. Instead of saying “How do we create a culture of X?” we say “How do we create more stories like this and fewer stories like that?” Then, as actions are initiated, we see the impact in real time. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - http://senseguide.nl/en/sensemaker-narrative-monitoring/ Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Exploring new territories for evaluation AU - Sharp, Cathy AB - Drawing on action research, this paper recasts evaluation as ‘action inquiry’, an embedded evaluative learning practice that can help navigate complexity when enacting collective leadership. It is offered as an invitation to inquiry amongst a reasonably well-informed audience of policy makers and practitioners who work in and for public services. It will particularly interest those who provide research, evaluation and facilitation support, and those seeking to develop a more relational approach to research and evaluation. Action inquiry is a model of practising change together in environments where ‘nothing is clear, and everything keeps changing’ that significantly challenges the prevailing discourse on evaluation. Action inquiry can be wrapped around and enmeshed within initiatives and programmes that work with complexity - anywhere where success will depend on the quality of relationships that can be developed. The paper reviews some important interrelated concepts that underpin the ideals of collective leadership and public service reform and which confront deeply embedded traditional notions of leadership, expertise and participation. These offer important challenges to ideas about how change happens and recognise that relationships are at the heart of practising change. This warrants a re-examination of the high expectations of evidence-based or informed practice. Collective leadership makes new demands of evidence as it rests on help to determine ‘wise actions’ in real-life situations. This confronts the practical reality of how to work together in conditions often expressed as ‘dynamic’ or ‘turbulent’ and the added human complexities of power, emotions and relationships; too often these elements are denied or avoided aspects of a change process. Facilitated action inquiry makes these elements part of the conversations, in the midst of ‘work-as-we-are-doing-it’, to increase areas of choice for individuals and a group as a whole. Within public policy, there is an overwhelming amount of evidence about ‘what works’ yet change seems to be stubborn and slow. The paper explores some of the deep-rooted vestiges of a ‘hierarchy of evidence’ and assumptions about standardisation and generalisability that act as a ‘barrier to transformation’. These include the narrow framing of what counts as evidence and consequent relegation of community perspectives, lived experience and practice-based evidence. The paper acknowledges the clear appetite for different approaches to evaluation, especially those that better reflect deeply held values and avoid creating a culture of ‘gaming’, rooted in fear of failure and loss of funding, at the expense of learning. The need for new forms of developmental evaluative thinking, collaborative inquiry and action research to create embedded learning is well overdue. Action inquiry is a desirable and necessary response to the complex situations and challenges of human services and recognises the essentialness of knowledge co-production. It is a model of co-creation at every stage and endorses the idea that people learn from participation in evaluation and by testing theories of change through action. Action inquiry builds on the idea of inquiry, or a moment-to-moment awareness and quality of attention and draws from several elements of action research practice. It sees inquiry as an intervention in itself, one that furthermore, explicitly seeks to enhance the probability of the success of a programme, focus on learning, the collaborative development of practice-based knowledge and positive relationships. The paper highlights the importance of building inquiry into living systems, the role of facilitation, systemic inquiry, and evaluative thinking. It proposes an expansion of ideas of appreciation as a relational and collaborative practice that is a driver of emergence. Social recognition that acknowledges someone’s social value to the community and implies mutual moral obligations to cooperation and participation is particularly crucial in a work context that requires successful coordination and multiple contributions to achieve results across hierarchies of position, professional rank and sectors. Hence, appreciation goes beyond the idea of positivity to include social recognition, valuing more explicit forms of inquiry, building participants’ aspirations to design new social systems and acting in new ways to embed change. In developing this discussion, the paper contributes to emerging dialogues about the need for a model of ‘5th generation evaluation’. Such a model would be based on the idea that appreciative and challenging inquiry that is contextual, relational and open-minded will create better opportunities for change and development. The paper sets out some ‘provocative propositions’ that can help us to navigate this terrain, perhaps of a fledgling ‘5th generation approach’ to inquiry. Facilitated action inquiry can hold the key to developing both new knowledge and an adaptive, collaborative and improvisational skill-set, able to respond in new ways to systemic and complex issues on the ground. It’s common to hear the expression ‘it’s all about relationships’ and it is clearly time to shift our focus to relationships; not relationships as ‘things’, but as co-created and dynamic relational processes in which we are embedded. In this way we can bring new qualities to our talking to each other about our various and shared visions of a better future. CY - Edinburgh DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Collective Leadership for Scotland UR - https://www.humanlearning.systems/uploads/collectiveleadershipreport1.pdf Y2 - 2023/05/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Exploring new territories for evaluation - Provocative propositions AU - Sharp, Cathy DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en UR - https://www.humanlearning.systems/uploads/collectiveleadershipreport1.pdf Y2 - 2023/05/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Tips on Learning from Context: Formal and Informal Approaches to Understanding the Local Political Economy AU - Swift, Sarah AB - Successfully adapting your programmatic efforts and policy engagement to the context depends on maintaining your understanding of that context. Given this, continuous learning and feedback loops--not only about your programming, but also about the environment you are working within--are important components of USAID’s work. Since our environments are always changing, in ways big and small, this can be intimidating. One can imagine a scenario where learning consumes the limited time and budgets available, especially for small programs. The question becomes: How can we learn enough, at the right times, to limit missed opportunities and warning signs, while avoiding being consumed by data collection and analysis that never influences our work? This document capitalizes on the experiences of USAID staff as well as emerging learning from other donors and researchers to highlight a range of approaches--formal and informal, time-bound and continuous--that can support ongoing learning within the operational tempo of a busy Mission team or Operating Unit. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 9 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/tips_on_context_monitoring_-_formal_to_informal_.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Werner Ulrich's Homepage AU - Ulrich, Werne AB - This website provides a variety of resources from Werner Ulrich's work in a range of philosophical and research areas with a particular focus on his own work in critical systems thinking and practice or, Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH). DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - http://wulrich.com/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Framework for Freshwater Ecosystem Management AU - UN Enviornment DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 49 SN - Volume 3 UR - https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/26017/Framework_Freshwater_Ecosystem_Mgt_vol3.pdf?sequence=1 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Discussion Note: Complexity-Aware Monitoring AU - USAID T2 - Program Cycle AB - This Discussion Note complements ADS 201 and outlines general principles and promising approaches for monitoring complex aspects of USAID development assistance. Complexity-aware monitoring is a type of complementary monitoring that is useful when results are difficult to predict due to dynamic contexts or unclear cause and-effect relationships. Key principles of the Program Cycle include applying analytic rigor, managing adaptively, and utilizing a range of approaches to achieve results. ADS 201.3.5.5 identifies three types of program monitoring – performance, context, and complementary. All USAID programming incorporates performance monitoring and should include context monitoring. Performance monitoring “is the ongoing and systematic collection of performance indicator data and other quantitative or qualitative information to reveal whether implementation is on track and whether expected results are being achieved.” Context monitoring is “[t]he systematic collection of information about conditions and external factors relevant to the implementation and performance of an operating units (OU’s) strategy, projects, and activities.” As stated in ADS 201.3.5.5, complementary monitoring may be used by missions and Washington OUs to complement performance and context monitoring in situations where results are difficult to predict due to dynamic contexts or unclear cause-andeffect relationships. This Discussion Note provides an explanation of when to use complementary monitoring approaches that are complexity-aware and summarizes the three principles of complexity-aware monitoring. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 M3 - Discussion Paper PB - USAID SN - Version 1 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/cleared_dn_complexity-aware_monitoring.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Global Wildlife Program - Knowledge Platform - 2016-2018 AU - WB CY - Washington DC DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - The World Bank UR - http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/361891539980496685/36654-Wildlife-Annual-Report-2018-Oct4-FINAL-digital.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/25/15:36:33 ER - TY - THES TI - Evaluating development projects: exploring a synthesis model of the logical framework approach and outcome mapping AU - Yang, Ting AB - Under the current results-driven development agenda, sound evaluation, and a corresponding evaluation toolkit, need to be in place to examine whether and to what extent development interventions have achieved their targeted objectives and results, and to generate lessons for further development learning and improvement. My review of the literature shows that innovative and appropriate evaluation approaches are needed to address key challenges in evaluation such as the tension between learning and accountability objectives, the need to unpack the mechanisms linking outputs and outcomes or goal, and to add an actor perspective. Irrespective of project type, the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is often a standard requirement of major official donor agencies on projects they fund, so as to fulfil bureaucratic imperatives. However, it is often considered inadequate in addressing key challenges in development evaluation. Given the dominant status of the LFA with such strong support from donors, it is helpful to seek a ‘middle way’: a combination of the LFA with other approaches in order to address some of its inadequacies, while satisfying donor agencies’ requirements. A synthesis of the LFA and Outcome Mapping (OM) is one such option. This thesis explores the practical value and usefulness of a synthesis model empirically. Applying the model in two case study aid projects, I found that it serves well as a theory-based evaluation tool with a double-stranded (actor strand and results chain) theory of change. The model helps reconcile learning and accountability and add explanatory power and an explicit actor perspective. It also helps establish causation and enable attribution claims at various results levels with its different elements. The model has some limitations but my results suggest it can be usefully adopted. The choice of its application depends on project evaluation context and purpose in specific cases. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - sussex.primo.exlibrisgroup.com LA - eng ST - Evaluating development projects UR - http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79800/1/Yang%2C%20Ting.pdf Y2 - 2022/12/05/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engaging Stakeholders in Planning for Sea Level Rise and Resilience AU - Yusuf, Juita-Elena (Wie) AU - John, Burton St AU - Covi, Michelle AU - Nicula, J. Gail T2 - Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education AB - This case study describes a region-wide, multi-sectoral, and whole-of-community stakeholder engagement approach for addressing sea level rise (SLR) and flooding. This approach was implemented through a university-led community engagement event, the Hampton Roads Resilient Region Reality Check (H4RC), which allowed an examination of its effectiveness as a mechanism for capturing community-wide perceptions regarding SLR, flooding, and associated risks; engaging stakeholders in discussion within and across different groups; and assessing community willingness to address flooding and SLR. The results show that the event helped participants broaden their perspectives and understanding of flooding and SLR. In an approach that called for participants to engage in social learning across social networks, the event had some effect on individual efficacy. However, there was little impact on participants' already-established perception that the region does not possess significant willingness to take action. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03287.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 164 IS - 1 SP - 112 EP - 123 LA - en SN - 1936-704X UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2018.03287.x Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:30:38 KW - Social learning KW - flooding KW - resilience KW - social capital KW - stakeholder engagement ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case study - Lepra - Adaptive programming in “reaching the unreached” AU - UK Aid Direct CY - London DA - 2017/12/29/ PY - 2017 PB - DFID UR - https://www.ukaiddirect.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/UK-Aid-Direct-Lepra_291217.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/08/10:11:44 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Impact Evaluation of Development Interventions: A Practical Guide AU - White, Howard AU - Raitzer, David AB - This book offers guidance on the principles, methods, and practice of impact evaluation. It contains material for a range of audiences, from those who may use or manage impact evaluations to applied researchers. DA - 2017/12/26/ PY - 2017 DP - www.adb.org LA - en PB - Asian Development Bank SN - 978-92-9261-058-6 978-92-9261-059-3 ST - Impact Evaluation of Development Interventions UR - https://www.adb.org/publications/impact-evaluation-development-interventions-practical-guide Y2 - 2022/01/28/12:12:16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Addressing challenges in communicating adaptation practices to smallholder farmers in Kenya through a radio intervention AU - Mwaniki, Fiona Nyawira AU - Gichuki, Charity AU - Mwangi, Maina AU - Mburia, Pamela AU - Wandago, Benson T2 - Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) DA - 2017/12/21/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.12895/jaeid.20172.589 DP - www.jaeid.it VL - 111 IS - 2 SP - 279 EP - 322 J2 - 1 LA - en SN - 2240-2802 UR - https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/JAEID/article/view/589 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:10:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conceptualizing community resilience to natural hazards – the emBRACE framework AU - Forrester, John Martin AU - Kruse, Sylvia AU - Abeling, Thomas AU - Deeming, Hugh AU - Fordham, Maureen AU - Forrester, John AU - Jülich, Sebastian AU - Karanci, A. Nuray AU - Kuhlicke, Christian AU - Pelling, Mark AU - Pedoth, Lydia AU - Schneiderbauer, Stefan T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences AB -

Abstract. The level of community is considered to be vital for building disaster resilience. Yet, community resilience as a scientific concept often remains vaguely defined and lacks the guiding characteristics necessary for analysing and enhancing resilience on the ground. The emBRACE framework of community resilience presented in this paper provides a heuristic analytical tool for understanding, explaining and measuring community resilience to natural hazards. It was developed in an iterative process building on existing scholarly debates, on empirical case study work in five countries and on participatory consultation with community stakeholders where the framework was applied and ground-tested in different contexts and for different hazard types. The framework conceptualizes resilience across three core domains: (i) resources and capacities, (ii) actions and (iii) learning. These three domains are conceptualized as intrinsically conjoined within a whole. Community resilience is influenced by these integral elements as well as by extra-community forces comprising disaster risk governance and thus laws, policies and responsibilities on the one hand and on the other, the general societal context, natural and human-made disturbances and system change over time. The framework is a graphically rendered heuristic, which through application can assist in guiding the assessment of community resilience in a systematic way and identifying key drivers and barriers of resilience that affect any particular hazard-exposed community.

DA - 2017/12/19/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.5194/nhess-17-2321-2017 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 17 IS - 12 SP - 2321 EP - 2333 LA - en SN - 1684-9981 UR - https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/17/2321/2017/ Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:23:54 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Monitoring and evaluation: five reality checks for adaptive management AU - Pasanen, Tiina T2 - ODI Insight DA - 2017/12/14/ PY - 2017 UR - https://www.odi.org/comment/10588-monitoring-and-evaluation-five-reality-checks-adaptive-management Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mission-Based Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) Platforms Assessment Report AU - Arntson, Laura AU - Giannoni, Tonya AU - Peek, Nancy AU - Saarlas, Kristin AB - In 2016, the Bureau of Policy, Planning and Learning (PPL) commissioned an internal stocktaking of USAID's mission-based MEL (Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning) Platforms. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/12/04/ PY - 2017 LA - en PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/mission-based-monitoring%2C-evaluation-and-learning-platforms-assessment-report Y2 - 2019/03/12/14:30:19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Theory of Change Analysis: Building Robust Theories of Change AU - Mayne, John T2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation AB - Models for theories of change vary widely as do how they are used. What constitutes a good or robust theory of change has not been discussed much. This article sets out and discusses criteria for robust theories of change. As well, it discusses how these criteria can be used to undertake a vigorous assessment of a theory of change. A solid analysis of a theory of change can be extremely useful, both for designing or assessing the designs of an intervention as well as for the design of monitoring regimes and evaluations. The article concludes with a discussion about carrying out a theory of change analysis and an example. DA - 2017/12/04/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.3138/cjpe.31122 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 32 IS - 2 J2 - CJPE LA - en SN - 1496-7308, 0834-1516 ST - Theory of Change Analysis UR - https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjpe/article/view/31122 Y2 - 2020/02/14/12:39:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive management intentions with a reality of evaluation: Getting science back into policy AU - Hasselman, Lyndal T2 - Environmental Science & Policy AB - In Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin water reform has been contentious as government attempts to reconcile historical over allocation of water to irrigation with the use of water for environmental outcomes. However, in many aspects, scientific knowledge of the environment is either imperfect, incomplete or environmental responses are unpredictable, with this uncertainty preventing definitive policy and closure of political arguments. In response to uncertainty and knowledge gaps, adaptive management has been written into the legislation, along with provisions for periodic evaluation. This research ascertains how adaptive management is understood by policy makers, with this indicative of future implementation of adaptive management. The way in which adaptive management is constructed by policy makers is determined through legislation, public speeches, government reports and semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrate that adaptive management has been subsumed by evaluation. The loss of adaptive management as a distinct concept is seen as a loss of science and discovery from the policy process, with the dominance of evaluation discussed as limiting innovation and reinforcing a ‘muddling through’ of policy. DA - 2017/12/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.08.018 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 78 SP - 9 EP - 17 J2 - Environmental Science & Policy SN - 1462-9011 ST - Adaptive management intentions with a reality of evaluation UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901116307857 Y2 - 2019/10/11/11:32:20 KW - Accountability KW - Adaptive Management KW - Evaluation KW - Science KW - Uncertainty ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Role of External Actors in Supporting Social and Political Action towards Empowerment and Accountability with a Focus on Fragile, Conflict- and Violence-Affected Settings AU - Christie, Angela AU - Burge, Richard T2 - IDS Working Paper 503 AB - This paper explores the role and experience of external actors, particularly donors, in supporting social and political action in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings. Evidence is distilled from a wide range of synthesised sources to generate relevant findings and questions in relation to what we know and what we don’t. Included among the source material is a 2016 macro-evaluation of DFID’s empowerment and accountability (E&A) programmes which examined over 50 DFID funded projects. Themes which emerge relate to: how external actors need to think about the context and work politically; who are the most appropriate social and political actors to support in E&A; whether a direct or indirect approach to support for E&A achieves more tangible outcomes; whether external actors should move beyond short-term tools and tactics focused on one-sided engagement; and whether programmes should be designed around more strategic, multi-faceted interventions. The paper concludes with identifying a number of gaps in the evidence which are translated into a range of questions which could potentially inform the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme. CY - Brighton DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 PB - IDS and ITAD UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13430 Y2 - 2019/08/14/12:12:34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning how to go local: Lessons from six learning journeys for the Open Government Partnership AU - Moses, Michael AU - Soal, Sue AB - This brief reviews the evidence from Learning to Make All Voices Count (L-MAVC), a programme funded by Making All Voices Count, and implemented in collaboration with Global Integrity. L-MAVC intended to support six Making All Voices Count grantees, working in five countries, in co-creating and applying a participatory, learning-centred, and adaptive approach to strengthening citizen engagement in governance processes in their contexts, including with respect to the Open Government Partnership (OGP). The evidence from L-MAVC suggests that supporting citizen engagement with, and use of, OGP, and improving the extent to which OGP commitments are shaped by and matter to citizens in subnational districts, is not straightforward. Findings suggest that efforts to broaden and deepen citizen engagement with OGP, including at subnational levels, may be more effective when combined with support that helps local OGP champions iteratively learn and adapt, and discover and apply localisation models that fit best in their contexts. OGP and its partners may strengthen the impact of the initiative, and indeed, the impact of those working to leverage OGP at and below country level, by making structured learning support more available to local reformers. Targeted advocacy, focused on institutionalising collaborative OGP processes, and on linking subnational action with National Action Plans (NAPs), may also be useful. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en ST - Learning how to go local UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13411 Y2 - 2018/03/23/08:34:19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning to Make All Voices Count: Lessons for OGP, donors, and practitioners AU - Moses, Michael AU - Soal, Sue AB - The Open Government Partnership (OGP), donors and multilaterals, and social accountability practitioners across the world are among various constituencies attempting to harness and actualise emerging insights about the nature of successful governance reform. But each of these groups faces challenges as they do so. This brief reviews the evidence from Learning to Make All Voices Count (L-MAVC), a programme funded by Making All Voices Count, and implemented in collaboration with Global Integrity. L-MAVC intended to support six Making All Voices Count grantees, working in five countries, in co-creating and applying a participatory, learning-centred, and adaptive approach to strengthening citizen engagement in governance processes in their contexts, including with respect to the Open Government Partnership (OGP). Two sets of lessons emerge from the experience of L-MAVC. First, supporting citizen engagement and government accountability in subnational contexts, and localising OGP in ways that matter to citizens, is not straightforward. Doing so successfully entails engaging with, navigating and shaping political and power dynamics in those contexts, and iteratively adapting to emerging lessons and challenges. Second, the effectiveness of adaptive ways of working depends in part on the extent to which they offer opportunities for cross-context peer learning, support the regular collection and use of data, and are themselves adaptive. These lessons have implications for the broader community of actors working to support governance reform, including OGP and its partners, donors and multilateral institutions, and practitioners and policy-makers. If these actors are to contribute more effectively to reforms that affect citizens’ lives, substantial changes – with respect to the nature of support provided to domestic stakeholders, grant-making practices, and practitioner approaches – may be warranted. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en ST - Learning to Make All Voices Count UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13412 Y2 - 2018/03/23/08:34:09 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supporting local learning and adaptation: understanding the effectiveness of adaptive processes AU - Moses, Michael AU - Soal, Sue AB - This brief reviews the evidence from Learning to Make All Voices Count (L-MAVC), a programme funded by Making All Voices Count, and implemented in collaboration with Global Integrity. L-MAVC intended to support six Making All Voices Count grantees, working in five countries, in co-creating and applying a participatory, learning-centred, and adaptive approach to strengthening citizen engagement in governance processes in their contexts, including with respect to the Open Government Partnership (OGP). DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 12 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Independent Evaluation of SDC’s Results-Based Management System with a Focus on Poverty Reduction AU - Schmidt, Martin AU - Palenberg, Markus AU - Vähämäki, Janet AB - The SDC's results-based management system ensures that the processes and instruments used for the design and implementation of programs and projects contribute to achieving the desired results (outputs, outcomes and impact). The independent evaluation examines the extent to which these processes and tools have fostered the results culture within the organization, and improved competencies for results-based management decisions, learning and communication. In addition to the findings, conclusions and recommendations, the evaluation report includes the management response of SDC’s Directorate. CY - Bern DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 PB - SDC UR - https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/studies.survey-id-855.html Y2 - 2019/08/30/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The five trademarks of agile organizations AU - Wouter Aghina AU - Karin Ahlbäck AU - Aaron De Smet AU - Clemens Fahrbach AU - Christopher Handscomb AU - Gerald Lackey AU - Michael Lurie AU - Monica Murarka AU - Olli Salo AU - Elizabeth Seem AU - Jannik Woxholth AB - Our experience and research demonstrate that successful agile organizations consistently exhibit the five trademarks described in this article. The trademarks include a network of teams within a people-centered culture that operates in rapid learning and fast decision cycles which are enabled by technology, and a common purpose that co-creates value for all stakeholders. These trademarks complement the findings from The McKinsey Global Survey Results: How to create an agile organization. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 PB - McKinsey anc Company UR - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/the-five-trademarks-of-agile-organizations# Y2 - 2022/01/17/10:32:38 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - Webimar - Adaptive Management at the Strategy Level: Portfolio Reviews and Mid Course Stocktaking AU - USAID AB - On Wednesday, November 15, 2017 at 8:00 a.m. EST, the Bureau for Policy, Planning and Learning (PPL) held a one-hour webinar exploring Strategy-level Portfolio Reviews and Mid Course Stocktaking. DA - 2017/11/15/ PY - 2017 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Adaptive Management at the Strategy Level UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/adaptive-management-strategy-level-portfolio-reviews-and-mid-course-stocktaking Y2 - 2019/02/25/12:30:28 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Walking the Long Road Together AU - Stilger, Bob T2 - Afternow: When We Cannot See the Future Where Do We Begin? AB - On March 11, 2011, overwhelming and incomprehensible disaster struck the northeast coast of Japan. Life for those in the region would never be the same. This book is about the awakening that follows disaster. About the minutes and months and years that come after now. It is about what happens when we're smacked on the side of the head and open our eyes, startled out of the trance in which we have been living our days. It is about the opportunities always present, often invisible, to create the lives we want, now. AfterNow chronicles the author's journey with the Japanese people over 6 years -- his own story of awakening after plunging into this disaster and the stories from people who found where to take their first step, and the next. It offers the tools and processes and worldview people discovered to create what comes after now. It is built around two big ideas. The first is that after disaster, we find our way forward, together. We come awake, together. Disaster obliterates the past, plunges the present into chaos and cocoons the future. We need each other to see and build the new. The second idea is that we don't have to wait for the tragedy of disaster to make the communities and lives we want. We can engage each other with respect, curiosity and generosity and begin to co-create what we want, now. We live in a period of precipitous, unpredictable change. The book is for those who want to make this time more livable and less insane. In Japan and all over the world, we are living in the messy middle where old forms are falling apart and new possibilities are in early stages. The ground is pulled out from under us on a regular basis. Our work right now is to learn to coexist with the messiness. We need to keep trying things, to keep learning. We need to remain focused on our purpose and follow the braided strand of intention and surrender as we find our way forward. embracing radical uncertainty, showing up as fully as we can each moment, each breath. DA - 2017/11/14/ PY - 2017 DP - Amazon LA - English PB - McP Books SN - 978-1-5456-0974-3 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptiveness through ‘simplest tools and practices’ AU - Prieto Martin, Pedro T2 - Institute of Development Studies AB - In recent years, more and more influential development organisations have been openly recognising the central role that adaptive management capacities – the ability to keep improving strategies and actions as programmes unfold – play for the success of complex interventions. As a result, there has been a rich exchange of ideas and experiences on how to promote adaptiveness in development. But development organisations and professionals are having a hard time translating the many adaptive theories and recommendations into improved practices and outcomes. They are generally failing to adjust the design and operation of programmes to accommodate incipient lessons learnt and the unexpected changes in the context. Nowadays, most programme adaptations still take the form of a change of direction once it is clear that things have gone really wrong. Why is so difficult to put what we know about adaptiveness into practice? And more importantly: what can be done to improve this situation? DA - 2017/11/13/ PY - 2017 UR - https://www.ids.ac.uk/opinions/adaptiveness-through-simplest-tools-and-practices/ ER - TY - BLOG TI - Facilities deserve a place in development AU - Lacy, Jacqui de T2 - Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre AB - There are different ways to deliver aid programs, DFAT often uses facilities in its larger relationships, what are the rationales and risks behind this? DA - 2017/11/12/T19:00:42+00:00 PY - 2017 LA - en-US UR - http://www.devpolicy.org/facilities-deserve-a-place-in-development-20171113/ Y2 - 2019/03/28/16:20:16 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Is there a new Washington Consensus? An analysis of five World Development Reports AU - Evans, Alice T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Is there a new Washington Consensus? Alice Evans analyses the last five World Development Reports and finds significant changes in orthodoxy, but also big gaps DA - 2017/11/03/ PY - 2017 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/is-there-a-new-washington-consensus-an-analysis-of-five-world-development-reports/ Y2 - 2017/11/04/10:07:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenario-based strategizing: Advancing the applicability in strategists' teams AU - Lehr, Thomas AU - Lorenz, Ullrich AU - Willert, Markus AU - Rohrbeck, René T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change AB - For over 40years, scenarios have been promoted as a key technique for forming strategies in uncertain environments. However, many challenges remain. In this article, we discuss a novel approach designed to increase the applicability of scenario-based strategizing in top management teams. Drawing on behavioural strategy as a theoretical lens, we design a yardstick to study the impact of scenario-based strategizing. We then describe our approach, which includes developing scenarios and alternative strategies separately and supporting the strategy selection through an integrated assessment of the goal-based efficacy and robustness. To facilitate the collaborative strategizing in teams, we propose a matrix with robustness and efficacy as the two axes, which we call the Parmenides Matrix. We assess the impact of the novel approach by applying it in two cases, at a governmental agency (German Environmental Ministry) and a firm affected by disruptive change (Bosch, leading global supplier of technology and solutions). DA - 2017/11/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.026 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 124 SP - 214 EP - 224 J2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change SN - 0040-1625 ST - Scenario-based strategizing UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004016251730848X Y2 - 2018/05/30/09:50:47 KW - Behavioural strategy KW - Scenario-based strategizing KW - Scenarios KW - Strategic foresight KW - Uncertainty ER - TY - RPRT TI - How INGOs are Doing Development Differently AU - Algoso, Dave DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017 PB - Care, IRC, Mercy Corps, Oxfam & World Vision UR - https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/How%20INGOs%20are%20DDD.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/23/09:33:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Market Systems Development - Operational Guidance Note AU - DFAT DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - DFAT UR - https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/operational-guidance-note-market-systems-development.pdf Y2 - 2019/06/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Futures Toolkit: Tools for Futures Thinking and Foresight Across UK Government AU - HM Government DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017 UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/674209/futures-toolkit-edition-1.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing Facilities: a stock-take from the first 12 months AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia AU - Teskey, Graham AU - de Lacy, Jacqui T2 - Governance Working Paper 3 DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Abt Associates ER - TY - RPRT TI - Valuing peace: delivering and demonstrating mediation results - Dilemmas & options for mediators AU - Wadley, Ian T2 - Mediation Practice Series AB - Essential points for practitioners and donors • Mediation offers a cost-effective and proven method for resolving armed conflict. Between 1985 and 2015, 75 per cent of armed conflicts in the world were resolved through agreement rather than by force. In most cases these processes will have involved third party facilitation or support. • Professional mediators understand the high stakes involved in their work to prevent, mitigate and resolve armed conflict. In addition, they and their financial supporters are increasingly required to demonstrate ‘value-for-money’ to ensure continued funding. • However, traditional monitoring and evaluation (M&E) methods are not well suited to this task, typically imposing artificially linear project models on a dynamic conflict situation, as well as compliance reporting that moves attention away from real value. • Traditional M&E methods tend to focus on documenting the past and generating vast amounts of data, rather than enabling timely adaptation of the project in the present. • Traditional M&E approaches rely heavily on external evaluation consultants. Even in the best of cases this may interfere with the mediation process and impose a heavy time burden on the project team, leading to low acceptance of traditional M&E approaches by mediation practitioners. • In contrast, an ideal M&E approach for mediation should deliver useful insights in even the most dynamic and sensitive mediation environments, impose a light reporting burden, and be readily accepted by mediation teams. It should protect discretion and trust, enable rapid adaptation, and also provide some assurance that donor funds are being well spent. CY - Geneve DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017 PB - Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue UR - https://www.hdcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/HDC_MPS7_EN-REV2-WEB.pdf Y2 - 2023/08/15/07:40:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Using what we know: How to ensure tech projects meet the brief AU - Walker, Tom T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - Making tech effective - building on what we already know DA - 2017/10/24/ PY - 2017 ST - Using what we know UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/using-know-ensure-tech-projects-meet-brief/ Y2 - 2017/10/24/12:28:49 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Are you doing what’s needed to get the state to respond to its citizens? Or are you part of the problem? AU - Herringshaw, Vanessa T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - Three challenges from Making All Voices Count research on responsive governance DA - 2017/10/23/ PY - 2017 ST - Are you doing what’s needed to get the state to respond to its citizens? UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/whats-needed-get-state-respond-citizens-part-problem/ Y2 - 2017/10/24/13:24:42 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Principles-Focused Evaluation: The GUIDE AU - Patton, Michael Quinn AB - How can programs and organizations ensure they are adhering to core principles--and assess whether doing so is yielding desired results? From evaluation pioneer Michael Quinn Patton, this book introduces the principles-focused evaluation (P-FE) approach and demonstrates its relevance and application in a range of settings. Patton explains why principles matter for program development and evaluation and how they can serve as a rudder to navigate the uncertainties, turbulence, and emergent challenges of complex dynamic environments. In-depth exemplars illustrate how the unique GUIDE framework is used to determine whether principles provide meaningful guidance (G) and are useful (U), inspiring (I), developmentally adaptable (D), and evaluable (E). User-friendly features include rubrics, a P-FE checklist, firsthand reflections and examples from experienced P-FE practitioners, sidebars and summary tables, and end-of-chapter application exercises. CY - New York DA - 2017/10/16/ PY - 2017 ET - 1st edition SP - 435 LA - English PB - Guilford Press SN - 978-1-4625-3182-0 ST - Principles-Focused Evaluation UR - https://www.guilford.com/books/Principles-Focused-Evaluation/Michael-Quinn-Patton/9781462531820 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Scaling Agile @ LEGO and Spotify – my talk at EA träff AU - Kniberg, Henrik T2 - Crisp DA - 2017/10/10/ PY - 2017 UR - http://blog.crisp.se/2017/10/10/henrikkniberg/scaling-agile-lego-and-spotify Y2 - 2017/11/08/10:04:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bridging Real-Time Data and Adaptive Management: Ten Lessons for Policy Makers and Practitioners AU - Ben Ramalingam AU - Inka Barnett AU - Kevin Hernandez AU - Panthea Lee AU - Anna Levy AU - Carrie Oppenheimer AU - Dennis Whittle AU - Craig Valters AU - Leni Wild AB - The ongoing digital revolution has seen rapid growth in the deployment of technology enabled real-time data initiatives in international development and humanitarian work, developed with the goal of accelerating decision-making processes and enhancing aid effectiveness and efficiency. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 LA - en M3 - Policy and Design Lessons Paper PB - USAID ST - Bridging the Gap UR - https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development/rtd4am/briefing-paper Y2 - 2018/04/04/07:55:39 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theories of Change for Promoting Empowerment and Accountability in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings AU - Green, Duncan T2 - IDS Working Paper AB - This paper explores the current state of thinking among a range of aid actors (multilaterals, bilateral, applied scholars and international non-governmental organisations) on how to promote empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings. It seeks to identify trends, gaps and weaknesses in that thinking, and propose research questions and hypotheses to test. Three underlying sources of confusion are identified that are hindering progress on both understanding empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings, and taking helpful action to promote it. They are: Theory of endogenous change (e.g. on how empowerment and accountability arise in situ) versus the theory of action of an external intervention; Fragility versus conflict: there is no clear justification for combining these different aspects into a single category; and Empowerment versus accountability: donor analysis and practice has been overwhelmingly weighted towards accountability, exhibiting limited understanding or interest in the nature of power. CY - Brighton DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 LA - en PB - IDS SN - 499 UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/theories-of-change-for-promoting-empowerment-and-accountability-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-settings Y2 - 2018/08/02/09:26:28 KW - A4EA KW - External actors KW - Participation ER - TY - GEN TI - Interview protocol: Most significant turning points AU - Prieto Martin, Pedro AU - Faith, Becky AB - This interview protocol was used for a research project on adaptiveness in technology for governance initiatives in Kenya. For more information, please read the research report at: Prieto Martin, P.; Hernandez, K.; Faith, B. and Ramalingam, B. (2017) Doing Digital Development Differently: Lessons in adaptive management from technology for governance initiatives in Kenya, MAVC Research Report, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, ids.ac.uk/project/making-all-voices-count DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 PB - Institute of Development Studies UR - https://www.academia.edu/34704208 Y2 - 2017/09/28/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Digital Development Differently: Lessons in adaptive management from technology for governance initiatives in Kenya AU - Prieto Martin, Pedro AU - Hernandez, Kevin AU - Faith, Becky AU - Ramalingam, Ben T2 - MAVC Research Report AB - Development projects don’t always work as planned. This has long been acknowledged by those in the sector, and has led to several approaches that seek to solve complex development problems through enabling and encouraging greater adaptiveness and learning within projects (e.g. Doing Development Differently and Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation). Digital development projects experience many of these issues. Using technology for transparency and accountability (Tech4T&A) projects in Kenya as case studies, our research analysed the many different theoretical approaches to learning and adaptation, and then tested how these play out in reality. Firstly, we conducted an extensive review of the literature on the spectrum of approaches to adaptive learning. The findings were used to develop a framework through which to analyse adaptiveness at the different layers of complexity in projects (e.g. software design and development, programme design and management). The second part of the research consisted of interviews and focus group discussions with participants in Tech4T&A projects in Kenya. Respondents helped us identify the main characteristics of adaptiveness in their projects (e.g. who needs to adapt, and how and when) and the challenges and issues that inhibit projects’ abilities to be adaptive. This process also revealed how accountability interplays with adaptiveness, and considered how better collaboration flows can enable adaptiveness. From our literature review and empirical study, we draw several conclusions for increasing adaptiveness in digital development projects. These include simplifying the many adaptive theories that abound, increasing responsiveness to project beneficiaries and stakeholders, and for stakeholders to keep on experimenting, networking and advocating. CY - Brighton DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/13285 Y2 - 2019/12/04/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - How to create an agile organization - survey AU - Salo, Olli AU - Ahlbäck, Karin AU - Fahrbach, Clemens AU - Murarka, Monica AB - Eighteen practices for organizational agility The survey asked respondents about a series of specific actions that underlie each of the 18 practices (9 of them stable, and 9 dynamic) of organizational agility; all of the practices are summarized in the table below. To rate respondents’ organizations, we asked how frequently their performance units engaged in each action that supports a given practice. DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 PB - McKinsey & Co. UR - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/how-to-create-an-agile-organization# Y2 - 2022/01/17/10:42:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Real World SAFe – Leapfrogging a successful waterfall company into Scaled Agile AU - Skarin, Mattias DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 PB - CRISP UR - http://blog.crisp.se/2017/10/04/mattiasskarin/real-world-safe-leapfrogging-a-successful-waterfall-company-into-scaled-agile Y2 - 2017/11/08/10:15:15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The interplay between social learning and adaptive capacity in climate change adaptation: A systematic review AU - Phuong, Thi Hong Le AU - Biesbroek, G. Robbert AU - Wals, Arjen E.J. T2 - NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences AB - Successful implementation climate change adaptation depends to a large extent on the capabilities of individuals, organizations, and communities to create and mobilize the adaptive capacity (AC) of their socio-ecological system. Creating and mobilizing AC is a continuous process that requires social learning (SL). Although rich with empirical cases, the literature theorizing and empirically investigating the relationship between AC and SL is highly fragmented. This paper aims to critically examine the peer-reviewed literature that focusses on SL and AC in the context of climate change adaptation (CCA). Special attention is paid to the interplay between the two. Understanding this interplay can help improve our understanding of how CCA takes place in practice and advances theoretical debates on CCA. Systematic review methods are used to analyse 43 papers (1997–2016). Our findings reveal three perspectives that each play an important role in different contexts: an AC-focused perspective, a SL-focused perspective, and a hybrid perspective. These differences in conceptualizations of the relationship between SL and AC may seem trivial at first, but they have consequences for the design of learning-based interventions aimed at helping communities respond to climate change. It appears that such interventions need to be preceded by an analysis of the climate change context in order to decide whether to emphasize AC, SL or both simultaneously. DA - 2017/09/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.njas.2017.05.001 VL - 82 SP - 1 EP - 9 J2 - NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences SN - 1573-5214 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573521417300064 KW - Adaptive capacity KW - Climate change adaptation KW - Social learning KW - Systematic review ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Rubric to Evaluate Citizen-Science Programs for Long-Term Ecological Monitoring AU - Tredick, Catherine A. AU - Lewison, Rebecca L. AU - Deutschman, Douglas H. AU - Hunt, Timothy ANN AU - Gordon, Karen L. AU - Von Hendy, Phoenix T2 - BioScience AB - Abstract. Citizen-science (CS) programs provide a cost-effective way to collect monitoring data over large temporal and spatial scales. Despite the recent prol DA - 2017/09/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1093/biosci/bix090 DP - academic.oup.com VL - 67 IS - 9 SP - 834 EP - 844 J2 - BioScience LA - en SN - 0006-3568 UR - https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/67/9/834/4107634 Y2 - 2019/05/04/03:37:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enabling collaboration and synthesis: in brief AU - Cochrane, Logan AU - Cundill Kemp, Georgina AU - Landry, Marie-Eve AU - Lee, Rebecca T2 - INBRIEF AB - Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA) aims to build the resilience of vulnerable populations in climate change hotspots by building new knowledge and capacities to support better informed policy and practice. The program connects more than 450 researchers and practitioners from over 40 organizations. Initially, CARIAA was not directive in terms of the specific topics or forms of synthesis. This approach allowed new ideas to emerge from interactions between members of the network. However, as the brief outlines, lessons learned at mid-term regarding cross- consortia collaboration and synthesis indicate that greater programmatic leadership is required. DA - 2017/09// PY - 2017 DP - idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org LA - en ST - Enabling collaboration and synthesis UR - https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/handle/10625/56603 Y2 - 2019/05/02/19:44:56 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The 2017 Reader on Results Measurement. An introduction to the DCED Standard AU - DCED DA - 2017/09// PY - 2017 PB - DCED UR - https://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/DCED_Reader_RM.pdf Y2 - 2017/09/26/14:40:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - An introduction to the Learning Architecture AU - HLA AB - The Learning Architecture is built on a flexible Learning Methodology and provides principles, technologies and behaviours of Scaffolded Social Learning. CY - London DA - 2017/09// PY - 2017 LA - en-US PB - Humanitarian Leadership Academy UR - https://www.humanitarianleadershipacademy.org/our-learning-approach/social-learning/ Y2 - 2019/01/07/13:18:16 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Developmental Evaluation in Practice: Tips, Tools, and Templates AU - USAID CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/09// PY - 2017 PB - USAID UR - https://wdi.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/USAID-DEPA-MERL-Developmental-Evaluation-in-Practice-Tips-Tools-and-Templates.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/15/08:56:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How to Make ‘Cash Plus’ Work: Linking Cash Transfers to Services and Sectors AU - Roelen, Keetie AU - Devereux, Stephen AU - Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru AU - Martorano, Bruno AU - Palermo, Tia AU - Ragno, Luigi Peter AB - The broad-ranging benefits of cash transfers are now widely recognized. However, the evidence base highlights that they often fall short in achieving longer-term and second-order impacts related to nutrition, learning outcomes and morbidity. In recognition of these limitations, several ‘cash plus’ initiatives have been introduced, whereby cash transfers are combined with one or more types of complementary support. This paper aims to identify key factors for successful implementation of these increasingly popular ‘cash plus’ programmes, based on (i) a review of the emerging evidence base of ‘cash plus’ interventions and (ii) an examination of three case studies, namely, Chile Solidario in Chile, IN-SCT in Ethiopia and LEAP in Ghana. The analysis was guided by a conceptual framework proposing a menu of ‘cash plus’ components. The assessment of three case studies indicated that effective implementation of ‘cash plus’ components has indeed contributed to greater impacts of the respective programmes. Such initiatives have thereby addressed some of the non-financial and structural barriers that poor people face and have reinforced the positive effects of cash transfer programmes. In design of such programmes, further attention should be paid to the constraints faced by the most vulnerable and how such constraints can be overcome. We conclude with recommendations regarding the provision of complementary support and cross-sectoral linkages based on lessons learned from the case studies. More research is still needed on the impact of the many variations of ‘cash plus’ programming, including evidence on the comparative roles of individual ‘plus’ components, as well as the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour pathways which influence these impacts. CY - Florence DA - 2017/08/31/ PY - 2017 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en M3 - Innocenti Working Papers PB - UNICEF Office of Research SN - 2017/10 ST - How to Make ‘Cash Plus’ Work UR - https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/papers/25206796/146 Y2 - 2023/12/05/12:39:06 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Extreme Teaming: Lessons in Complex, Cross-Sector Leadership AU - Edmondson, Amy C. AU - Harvey, Jean-Francois AB - Extreme Teaming Lessons in Complex, Cross-Sector Leadership Today’s global enterprises increasingly involve collaborative work by teams of experts operating across different professions, organizations, and industries. Extreme Teaming provides new insights into the world of complex, cross industry projects and the ways they must be managed. Leading experts Amy Edmondson and Jean-François Harvey analyze contemporary cases that expose the complex demands of cross-boundary collaboration on management, and inform our understanding of teams. Containing powerful insights and practical guidelines that allow managers to bridge professional divides and organizational boundaries in order to work together effectively, this is a new exploration of the challenges involved in today’s global enterprises. The authors demonstrate that the work done in the modern organization is less and less about looking inward and creating strong teams inside the company, and more about teaming across boundaries – that often are in flux. Extreme Teaming is a must-read book for all courses related to leading open innovation; teamwork and collaboration; project management; and cross-boundary work. CY - United Kingdom ; North America DA - 2017/08/22/ PY - 2017 DP - Amazon SP - 240 LA - English PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited SN - 978-1-78635-450-1 ST - Extreme Teaming ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strengthening the results chain: Synthesis of case studies of results-based management by providers AU - Zwart, Rosie AB - This paper presents an analysis of evidence from seven case studies of results-based management by development co-operation providers. Analysis of themes from the case studies reveal six interrelated challenges which providers face in their efforts to manage for the results of development co-operation. The six challenges are: linking results to development goals, ensuring the purpose of results systems is well-defined, weighing up the benefits of aggregating and attributing results from standard indicators, enabling country ownership, using performance information alongside results information, and building and embedding a results culture. Providers continue to adopt a range of approaches to pursue a focus on results and there are many examples of good practice. The case studies suggest that in a complex development landscape some providers are prioritising the use of aggregated results information for domestic accountability, communication, and performance management over their use for learning and policy direction. In this context, the paper argues that in agency-wide results frameworks development co-operation results are often detached (or de-contextualised) from development results and discusses the implications of this, including the use of standard indicators to measure aggregated outputs. The paper uses case study evidence to discuss and suggest practical ways providers can build and maintain a strong results focus which enables analysis, insights and learning, and has achievement of development outcomes as its objective. DA - 2017/08/17/ PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Policy Papers PB - OECD SN - 7 ST - Strengthening the results chain UR - https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/strengthening-the-results-chain_544032a1-en Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Systems Approaches to Public Sector Challenges: Working with Change AU - OECD DA - 2017/08/11/ PY - 2017 PB - OECD UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264279865-en ER - TY - BLOG TI - One step back, two steps forward: CARE’s journey towards doing development differently AU - Aston, Tom T2 - Care Insights AB - The Doing Development Different (DDD) community emerged in August 2014 and advocates that (a) the barriers to development are as much political as tec... DA - 2017/08/07/ PY - 2017 ST - One step back, two steps forward UR - https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/development-blog/one-step-back-two-steps-forward-care-s-journey-towards-doing-development-differently Y2 - 2017/09/13/09:37:05 ER - TY - BLOG TI - NGOs Doing Development Differently AU - Green, Duncan T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Report back from a meeting of international NGOs to set up a research and practice network on 'Doing Development Differently' that can complement other actors DA - 2017/08/04/ PY - 2017 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/looks-like-the-ngos-are-stepping-up-on-doing-development-differently-good/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Policy experimentation and innovation as a response to complexity in China’s management of health reforms AU - Husain, Lewis T2 - Globalization and Health AB - There are increasing criticisms of dominant models for scaling up health systems in developing countries and a recognition that approaches are needed that better take into account the complexity of health interventions. Since Reform and Opening in the late 1970s, Chinese government has managed complex, rapid and intersecting reforms across many policy areas. As with reforms in other policy areas, reform of the health system has been through a process of trial and error. There is increasing understanding of the importance of policy experimentation and innovation in many of China’s reforms; this article argues that these processes have been important in rebuilding China’s health system. While China’s current system still has many problems, progress is being made in developing a functioning system able to ensure broad population access. The article analyses Chinese thinking on policy experimentation and innovation and their use in management of complex reforms. It argues that China’s management of reform allows space for policy tailoring and innovation by sub-national governments under a broad agreement over the ends of reform, and that shared understandings of policy innovation, alongside informational infrastructures for the systemic propagation and codification of useful practices, provide a framework for managing change in complex environments and under conditions of uncertainty in which ‘what works’ is not knowable in advance. The article situates China’s use of experimentation and innovation in management of health system reform in relation to recent literature which applies complex systems thinking to global health, and concludes that there are lessons to be learnt from China’s approaches to managing complexity in development of health systems for the benefit of the poor. DA - 2017/08/03/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1186/s12992-017-0277-x DP - BioMed Central VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 54 J2 - Globalization and Health SN - 1744-8603 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-017-0277-x Y2 - 2019/03/15/10:31:27 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Can we know better? Reflections for Development AU - Chambers, Robert AB - This book is intended for all who are committed to human wellbeing and who want to make our world fairer, safer and more fulfilling for everyone, especially those who are 'last'. It argues that to do better we need to know better. It provides evidence that what we believe we know in international development is often distorted or unbalanced by errors, myths, biases and blind spots. Undue weight has been attached to standardised methodologies such as randomized control trials, systematic reviews, and competitive bidding: these are shown to have huge transaction costs which are rarely if ever recognized in their enormity. Robert Chambers contrasts a Newtonian paradigm in which the world is seen and understood as controllable with a paradigm of complexity which recognizes that the real world of social processes and power relations is messy and unpredictable. To confront the challenges of complex and emergent realities requires a revolutionary new professionalism. This is underpinned by a new combination of canons of rigour expressed through eclectic methodological pluralism and participatory approaches which reverse and transform power relations. Promising developments include rapid innovations in participatory ICTs, participatory statistics, and the Reality Check Approach with its up-to-date and rigorously grounded insights. Fundamental to the new professionalism, in every country and context, are reflexivity, facilitation, groundtruthing, and personal mindsets, behaviour, attitudes, empathy and love. Robert Chambers surveys the past world of international development, and his own past views, with an honest and critical eye, and then launches into the world of complexity with a buoyant enthusiasm. He draws on almost six decades of experience in varied roles in Africa, South Asia and elsewhere as practitioner, trainer, manager, teacher, evaluator and field researcher, also working in UNHCR and the Ford Foundation. He is a Research Associate and Emeritus Professor at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, his base for many years. Can We Know Better? is essential reading for researchers and students of development, for policy makers and evaluators, and for all those working towards the better world of the Sustainable Development Goals. CY - Rugby, UK DA - 2017/08// PY - 2017 DP - CrossRef LA - en PB - Practical Action SN - 978-1-85339-945-9 978-1-78044-944-9 ST - Can We Know Better? UR - http://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780449449 Y2 - 2017/09/08/12:00:31 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Supporting accountability in fragile settings: A review for the Somalia Implementation and Analysis in Action of Accountability Programme AU - Nixon, Hamish AU - Buffardi, Anne AU - Wales, Joseph AU - Pasanen, Tiina DA - 2017/08// PY - 2017 SP - 40 M3 - Report PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11711.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Lessons from a trial of the Success Case Method AU - McGuinness, Liz T2 - Better Evaluation AB - The Success Case Method approach is useful for documenting stories of impact and for understanding the factors that help or hinder impact. It is particularly useful for uncovering the contextual forces that influence impact. Originally designed for evaluating corporate training programs, the Success Case Method is now being applied to other programs including international development interventions. Last year, I provided technical assistance to a pilot of the Success Case Method as part of the USAID-funded Complexity-Aware M&E Trials. DA - 2017/07/28/ PY - 2017 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/blog/lessons_on_SCM Y2 - 2018/10/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Agility and Evolution. How Mercy Corps Adapts at the Organizational Level AU - Mercy Corps AB - How Mercy Corps Adapts at the Organizational Level DA - 2017/07/19/ PY - 2017 UR - https://mercycorps.kumu.io/agility-and-evolution-f8eb7880-144f-4aeb-be44-d9628593825c Y2 - 2017/09/13/09:38:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Two Paths to Supporting Grassroots Innovation AU - Cooper, Nathan AU - Hazeldine, Shaun AU - Quaggiotto, Giulio T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - An innovation experiment in Indonesia yields insights on how international development organizations can effectively foster innovation within the communities they aim to help. DA - 2017/07/18/ PY - 2017 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/two_paths_to_supporting_grassroots_innovation Y2 - 2017/07/19/13:57:23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating complex interventions: A theory-driven realist-informed approach AU - Douthwaite, Boru AU - Mayne, John AU - McDougall, Cynthia AU - Paz-Ybarnegaray, Rodrigo T2 - Evaluation AB - There is a growing recognition that programs that seek to change people’s lives are intervening in complex systems, which puts a particular set of requirements on program monitoring and evaluation. Developing complexity-aware program monitoring and evaluation systems within existing organizations is difficult because they challenge traditional orthodoxy. Little has been written about the practical experience of doing so. This article describes the development of a complexity-aware evaluation approach in the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems. We outline the design and methods used including trend lines, panel data, after action reviews, building and testing theories of change, outcome evidencing and realist synthesis. We identify and describe a set of design principles for developing complexity-aware program monitoring and evaluation. Finally, we discuss important lessons and recommendations for other programs facing similar challenges. These include developing evaluation designs that meet both learning and accountability requirements; making evaluation a part of a program’s overall approach to achieving impact; and, ensuring evaluation cumulatively builds useful theory as to how different types of program trigger change in different contexts. DA - 2017/07/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1177/1356389017714382 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 294 EP - 311 J2 - Evaluation LA - en SN - 1356-3890 ST - Evaluating complex interventions UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389017714382 Y2 - 2020/10/15/14:36:58 ER - TY - RPRT TI - From Design Thinking to Systems Change AU - Conway, Rowan AU - Masters, Jeff AU - Thorold, Jake AB - This report takes the Small Business Research Initiative (SBRI), a twophase pre-procurement innovation programme that aims to match social challenges with new ideas, as its primary case study. It suggests augmenting the excellent design thinking deployed through SBRI with a think like a system, act like an entrepreneur lens in order to drive better social outcomes from SBRI-originating innovations. Programmes like SBRI have great potential to drive change and address pressing challenges, but must be guided by a more developed understanding of how change happens. The stakes are too high to not raise our game when it comes to social innovation. Wicked problems can be overcome but will require sophisticated theories of change able to account for the complexity and unpredictability of modern life. We offer think like a system, act like an entrepreneur as a contribution to this effort. This report is based on the following research: •• Desk based review of relevant literature; •• A series of structured interviews with participants in SBRI competitions; and •• An expert round table that brought together policymakers, commissioners, procurement experts and entrepreneurs to consider and develop initial findings. CY - London DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 33 LA - en PB - RSA UR - https://www.thersa.org/blog/2017/07/from-design-thinking-to-system-change KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - RPRT TI - How to set up and manage an adaptive programme - Lessons from the Action on Climate Today (ACT) Programme AU - Cooke, Katherine CY - Oxford DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 PB - OPM UR - https://www.opml.co.uk/files/Publications/8617-action-on-climate-today-act/act-adaptive-programme-management.pdf?noredirect=1 Y2 - 2019/02/25/12:27:36 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Governance for Growth in Vanuatu: Review of a decade of thinking and working politically AU - Hadley, Sierd AU - Tilley, Helen DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 SP - 53 M3 - Report PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11702.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Incorporating Geospatial Analysis into USAID Biodiversity Program Design AU - Higgins, Mark AU - Salafsky, Nick AU - Adeney, Marion AU - Petrova, Silvia T2 - Measuring Impact AB - Incorporating Geospatial Analysis into USAID Biodiversity Program Design is a biodiversity case example that describes the use of geospatial data and analysis for program design, including examples and lessons learned. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 23 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and Working Politically: Lessons from FOSTER in Nigeria AU - Lopez Lucia, Elisa AU - Buckley, Joanna AU - Marquette, Heather AU - McCulloch, Neil T2 - Research Paper AB - The Facility for Oil Sector Transparency and Reform (FOSTER) was a £14 million programme that has helped Nigeria to transform its governance of the oil and gas industry. FOSTER ran from 2011 to mid-2016, and used an explicit ‘thinking and working politically’ (TWP) approach. It was funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and managed by Oxford Policy Management (OPM). This paper seeks to identify the factors that drove – or constrained – FOSTER’s achievements, and asks what this can tell us about TWP, particularly in challenging political and sectoral contexts. FOSTER sought to help strengthen oversight and accountability in Nigeria’s oil sector. It aimed to support reformers within government institutions that ‘supply’ accountability (those governing how oil and gas revenues are collected and managed), and to support civil society organisations, parliament, the media and the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative to ‘demand’ reform. In addition, FOSTER commissioned a series of studies and provided media training to help broaden understanding of the sector and highlight the need for reform. This paper examines the outcomes from five ‘clusters’ of FOSTER interventions. The FOSTER team viewed the first three of these in the list below as successful, whereas the latter two did not deliver on expectations but offer important opportunities for learning: • Support to the Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative • Support to demand-side actors to promote transparency and accountability in the oil sector • Support for the passage of the Petroleum Industry Bill • An oil spill-mapping social media project • Support to the Department of Petroleum Resources The analysis drew on 44 semi-structured interviews conducted during a month of fieldwork in Abuja and Lagos; on reviews of the programme’s monitoring, evaluation and learning frameworks; and on newspaper articles and grey literature on Nigeria’s oil sector.2 DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 PB - DLP Program SN - 48 UR - https://www.dlprog.org/publications/research-papers/thinking-and-working-politically-lessons-from-foster-in-nigeria Y2 - 2020/10/15/12:11:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: Canada AU - OECD DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: World Bank Group AU - OECD DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How-To Note: Developing a Project Logic Model (and its Associated Theory of Change) AU - USAID T2 - Program Cycle AB - This How-To Note describes considerations for developing a project logic model, as well as steps for thinking through a more complete theory of change (TOC). A logic model is a graphic or visual depiction that summarizes key elements of a TOC, and it is often used as a facilitation tool during the design process. There are many types of logic models, including but not limited to logical frameworks (logframes), results chains, results frameworks, and local actor-oriented models, among others. The project logic model and its associated TOC are included in the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) that approves a project design (see ADS 201.3.3.13). While this How-To Note focuses on logic models at the project level, logic models are also used at the strategy level (specifically, results frameworks – see Box 1), and often at the activity level. The concepts and steps presented here are generally applicable to the process of developing logic models and TOCs throughout the Program Cycle. DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 SP - 24 M3 - How To Note SN - Version 2 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/system/files/resource/files/project_logic_model_how_to_note_final_sep1.pdf Y2 - 2024/01/30/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Program Cycle - How-To Note: Strategy-Level Portfolio Review AU - USAID CY - Washington D.C. DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 PB - USAID PPL UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/how_to_note_portfolio_review_final_compliant_1_r.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/25/13:48:41 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Beginner’s Guide to Political Economy Analysis (PEA) AU - Whaites, Alan AB - Over the last two decades aid agencies and academics have been on a journey of lesson learning and adaptation in relation to `politics.’ This journey has been driven by a determination to improve impact in all areas of development, but for some time it was particularly associated with work on public sector reform. Now, however, there is an increasing expectation that Political Economy Analysis (PEA) should be part and parcel of designing and implementing any programme or activity (and a brief history of the meandering journey of development actors on PEA can be found in The Policy Practice’s Briefing Paper 11 – see below). DFID in the UK is fairly typical among large development organisations in running an excellent course on political economy analysis, complete with 200 pages of resources and various online videos and case studies (and this type of course is recommended for those who want to take their exploration of PEA further). Even so, PEA is not just for those who have `done the course and bought the T-shirt,’ it is something that can be absorbed and implemented quickly by everybody. Indeed, the growth of interest in PEA is a reminder that this can look like a complex and daunting field and so this guide aims to offer an entry-point for all those who want to use PEA in their own work. In doing so, this guide borrows from the best materials that are available while also adapting some approaches by incorporating wider ideas on politics and institutions. This guide affirms that there should never be an official `orthodoxy’ for PEA and so the emphasis here is on questions, prompts and ideas to help thinking and practice. There is also an attempt to clarify jargon wherever needed, while recognising that The Policy Practice (TPP) and the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) have produced a more complete glossary of PEA terminology. The note will instead focus on `the essentials’ of PEA as they relate to the following questions:  Why do we do political economy analysis, and what is it?  What kinds of issues and ingredients are often included in a PEA?  How do we make sense of the different varieties of PEA?  What tools are out there to help us conduct a PEA?  What is thinking and working politically? CY - London DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 PB - National School of Government International UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/766478/The_Beginner_s_Guide_to_PEA.pdf Y2 - 2021/01/04/11:56:54 ER - TY - RPRT TI - External validity and policy adaptation. From impact evaluation to policy design AU - Williams, Martin J. T2 - BSG Working Paper Series AB - With the growing number of rigorous impact evaluations worldwide, the question of how best to apply this evidence to policymaking processes has arguably become the main challenge for evidence-based policymaking. How can policymakers predict whether a policy will have the same impact in their context as it did elsewhere, and how should this influence the design and implementation of policy? This paper introduces a simple and flexible framework to address these questions of external validity and policy adaptation. I show that failures of external validity arise from an interaction between a policy’s theory of change and a dimension of the context in which it is being implemented, and develop a method of “mechanism mapping” that maps a policy’s theory of change against salient contextual assumptions to identify external validity problems and suggest appropriate policy adaptations. In deciding whether and how to adapt a policy in a new context, I show there is a fundamental informational trade-o↵ between the strength and relevance of evidence on the policy from other contexts and the policymaker’s knowledge of the local context. This trade-o↵ can guide policymakers’ judgments about whether policies should be copied exactly from elsewhere, adapted, or invented anew. CY - Oxford DA - 2017/07// PY - 2017 PB - Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford SN - BSG-WP-2017/019 UR - https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/files/documents/BSG-WP-2017-019_0.pdf Y2 - 2017/10/11/15:09:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - RFI-521-17-000015 - Improving Governance in Haiti Program (IGHI) AU - USAID CY - Port au Prince DA - 2017/06/28/ PY - 2017 PB - USAID UR - https://www.grants.gov/web/grants/view-opportunity.html?oppId=295067 Y2 - 2017/06/28/16:45:19 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Doing Urban Development Differently AU - Jones, Harry AU - Adhikari, Bishnu T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Guest post from Harry Jones and Bishnu Adhikari, both of Palladium on what urban aid and development can learn from the Doing Development Differently movement DA - 2017/06/23/ PY - 2017 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/ditching-the-masterplan-how-can-urban-development-become-politically-smart-locally-led/ Y2 - 2017/06/25/17:45:51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Aiming at the Wrong Targets: The Domestic Consequences of International Efforts to Build Institutions AU - Buntaine, Mark T. AU - Parks, Bradley C. AU - Buch, Benjamin P. T2 - International Studies Quarterly AB - We explain why international development organizations have had so little success building and reforming public sector institutions in developing countries. They often fail despite their apparently strong commitment to achieving measurable results and extraordinary amounts of time, money, and effort. We demonstrate that, when donors and lenders make access to financing contingent upon achievement of performance targets, recipient countries tend to choose easy and shallow institutional targets. These targets measure the organization of public sector institutions, rather than their effectiveness at addressing public problems. Such targets provide countries with low-cost opportunities to signal commitment to institution-building to international development organizations. We demonstrate the explanatory and predictive power of our argument in the context of a sector of World Bank lending—environment and natural resource management—that focuses heavily on improving public sector institutions. DA - 2017/06/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1093/isq/sqx013 DP - academic.oup.com VL - 61 IS - 2 SP - 471 EP - 488 J2 - Int Stud Q SN - 0020-8833 ST - Aiming at the Wrong Targets UR - https://academic.oup.com/isq/article/61/2/471/3866882/Aiming-at-the-Wrong-Targets-The-Domestic Y2 - 2017/09/22/13:21:08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participatory adaptive management leads to environmental learning outcomes extending beyond the sphere of science AU - Fujitani, Marie AU - McFall, Andrew AU - Randler, Christoph AU - Arlinghaus, Robert T2 - Science Advances AB - Resolving uncertainties in managed social-ecological systems requires adaptive experimentation at whole-ecosystem levels. However, whether participatory adaptive management fosters ecological understanding among stakeholders beyond the sphere of science is unknown. We experimentally involved members of German angling clubs (n = 181 in workshops, n = 2483 in total) engaged in self-governance of freshwater fisheries resources in a large-scale ecological experiment of active adaptive management of fish stocking, which constitutes a controversial management practice for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning when conducted inappropriately. The collaborative ecological experiments spanned several years and manipulated fish densities in 24 lakes with two species. In parallel, we experimentally compared changes in ecological knowledge and antecedents of proenvironmental behavior in stakeholders and managers who were members of a participatory adaptive management treatment group, with those receiving only a standard lecture, relative to placebo controls. Using a within-subjects pretest-posttest control design, changes in ecological knowledge, environmental beliefs, attitudes, norms, and behavioral intentions were evaluated. Participants in adaptive management retained more knowledge of ecological topics after a period of 8 months compared to those receiving a standard lecture, both relative to controls. Involvement in adaptive management was also the only treatment that altered personal norms and beliefs related to stocking. Critically, only the stakeholders who participated in adaptive management reduced their behavioral intentions to engage in fish stocking in the future. Adaptive management is essential for robust ecological knowledge, and we show that involving stakeholders in adaptive management experiments is a powerful tool to enhance ecological literacy and build environmental capacity to move toward sustainability. Participatory active adaptive management leads to far-reaching environmental learning outcomes in stakeholders. Participatory active adaptive management leads to far-reaching environmental learning outcomes in stakeholders. DA - 2017/06/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1126/sciadv.1602516 DP - advances.sciencemag.org VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - e1602516 LA - en SN - 2375-2548 UR - https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/6/e1602516 Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:45:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bridging the Gap: How Real-Time Data Can Contribute to Adaptive Management in International Development AU - Ben Ramalingam AU - Inka Barnett AU - Kevin Hernandez AU - Panthea Lee AU - Anna Levy AU - Carrie Oppenheimer AU - Dennis Whittle AU - Craig Valters AU - Leni Wild AB - The ongoing digital revolution has seen rapid growth in the deployment of technology enabled real-time data initiatives in international development and humanitarian work, developed with the goal of accelerating decision-making processes and enhancing aid effectiveness and efficiency. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Bridging the Gap UR - https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development/rtd4am/briefing-paper Y2 - 2018/04/04/07:55:39 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Responding to complexity: A Case Study on the Use of “Developmental Evaluation for Managing Adaptively” AU - Boisvert, Kayla DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 PB - University of Massachusetts ST - Evaluating CatComm’s Approach UR - http://catcomm.org/evaluation2017/ Y2 - 2017/11/09/11:16:22 ER - TY - RPRT TI - What works for Social Accountability? Findings from DFID’s Macro Evaluation AU - Hughes, Claire T2 - Policy Briefing CY - Hove DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 PB - Itad UR - https://www.itad.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/SummaryFindings_Briefing_2-v7-high-res.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/01/11:30:59 ER - TY - ELEC TI - A ‘real-time’ and anthropological response to the Ebola crisis AU - IDS T2 - IDS AB - Impact Summary The Ebola epidemic that began in the Guinea-Sierra Leone-Liberia border region in December 2013 spread fast through the villages, cities and trade routes of this highly-peopled,... DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 LA - en-GB UR - https://www.ids.ac.uk/opinions/a-real-time-and-anthropological-response-to-the-ebola-crisis/ Y2 - 2019/03/12/15:37:34 ER - TY - CONF TI - Agile – where are we at? AU - Kniberg, Henrik T2 - USI C1 - Paris DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 ST - Crisp's Blog » Agile – where are we at? UR - http://blog.crisp.se/2017/09/11/henrikkniberg/agile-where-are-we-at Y2 - 2017/11/08/10:06:28 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Scaled Agile Framework – SAFe for Lean Software and System Engineering 4.5 AU - Scaled Agile DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 UR - http://www.scaledagileframework.com/ Y2 - 2016/11/02/11:30:50 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Patterning Instinct: A Cultural History of Humanity's Search for Meaning AU - Lent, Jeremy AB - This fresh perspective on crucial questions of history identifies the root metaphors that cultures have used to construct meaning in their world. It offers a glimpse into the minds of a vast range of different peoples: early hunter-gatherers and farmers, ancient Egyptians, traditional Chinese sages, the founders of Christianity, trail-blazers of the Scientific Revolution, and those who constructed our modern consumer society. Taking the reader on an archaeological exploration of the mind, the author, an entrepreneur and sustainability leader, uses recent findings in cognitive science and systems theory to reveal the hidden layers of values that form today's cultural norms. Uprooting the tired cliches of the science-religion debate, he shows how medieval Christian rationalism acted as an incubator for scientific thought, which in turn shaped our modern vision of the conquest of nature. The author probes our current crisis of unsustainability and argues that it is not an inevitable result of human nature, but is culturally driven: a product of particular mental patterns that could conceivably be reshaped. By shining a light on our possible futures, the book foresees a coming struggle between two contrasting views of humanity: one driving to a technological endgame of artificially enhanced humans, the other enabling a sustainable future arising from our intrinsic connectedness with each other and the natural world. This struggle, it concludes, is one in which each of us will play a role through the meaning we choose to forge from the lives we lead. CY - Amherst, New York DA - 2017/05/23/ PY - 2017 DP - Amazon SP - 540 LA - English PB - Prometheus Books SN - 978-1-63388-293-5 ST - The Patterning Instinct ER - TY - BLOG TI - Teams that Do Development Differently AU - Khan, Jehanzeb AU - Fisher, Annette T2 - Global Policy Journal DA - 2017/05/22/ PY - 2017 UR - http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/22/05/2017/teams-do-development-differently Y2 - 2017/05/22/14:58:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Two Tunes, One Dance: Keeping Programming Agile AU - Learning Lab T2 - USAID Learning Lab DA - 2017/05/22/T17:18:10-04:00 PY - 2017 LA - und ST - Two Tunes, One Dance UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/two-tunes%2C-one-dance-keeping-programming-agile Y2 - 2017/06/02/16:57:58 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Profiling the international development mutants AU - Quaggiotto, Giulio T2 - Development Impact and You AB - As part of a new series, we talk to Giulio Quaggiotto about the development ‘mutants’ – innovators working at the edge of the field. DA - 2017/05/18/T08:49:17+00:00 PY - 2017 UR - http://diytoolkit.org/profiling-the-development-mutants/ Y2 - 2017/05/31/18:34:28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critical agency and development: applying Freire and Sen to ICT4D in Zambia and Brazil AU - Poveda, Sammia AU - Roberts, Tony T2 - Information Technology for Development AB - (2017). Critical agency and development: applying Freire and Sen to ICT4D in Zambia and Brazil. Information Technology for Development. Ahead of Print. doi: 10.1080/02681102.2017.1328656 DA - 2017/05/17/ PY - 2017 DP - www.tandfonline.com LA - en SN - 10.1080/02681102.2017.1328656 ST - Critical agency and development UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02681102.2017.1328656 AN - world Y2 - 2017/05/28/15:49:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Whole New World - Funding and Commissioning in Complexity AU - Knight, Annabel Davidson AU - Lowe, Toby AU - Brossard, Marion AU - Wilson, Julie AB - Collaborate and Newcastle University Business School Publish Research into Complexity-Friendly Funding CY - Newcastle DA - 2017/05/12/ PY - 2017 PB - Collaborate & Newcastle University UR - https://collaboratecic.com/a-whole-new-world-funding-and-commissioning-in-complexity-12b6bdc2abd8 Y2 - 2017/06/15/11:21:15 ER - TY - BLOG TI - How did China create “Directed Improvisation”? AU - Pritchett, Lant T2 - Building State Capability AB - written by Lant Pritchett Yuen-Yuen Ang, a Professor of Political Science at University of Michigan came to speak at Harvard the other day and I was lucky enough to hear her presentation.  Her most… DA - 2017/05/10/T22:58:55+00:00 PY - 2017 UR - https://buildingstatecapability.com/2017/05/10/how-did-china-create-directed-improvisation Y2 - 2017/05/12/14:08:15 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning, monitoring and evaluating: achieving and measuring change in adaptive programmes AU - Callaghan, Sarah AU - Plank, Georgia T2 - Synthesis Paper, 5 DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Google Scholar PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://dfidlaser.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Synthesis-paper-6-MEL-1-June-2017-FINAL.pdf Y2 - 2017/09/13/09:22:45 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Why isn’t Tech for Accountability Working in Africa? AU - de Lanerolle, Indra T2 - Policy Briefing No 161 AB - Expanding mobile networks and falling costs could transform communication between African citizens and governments. So far, however, attempts to harness new technologies to improve transparency and accountability in Africa and elsewhere have had disappointing results. What is going wrong? Research suggests that an important reason for this failure is a poor understanding of technologies and limited skills in developing and using them. It seems that civil society organisations (CSOs) and governments often ‘re-invent the flat tyre’: experimenting with new tools without finding out what has been tried (often unsuccessfully) before. They also do not follow best practices in how to source, develop and test technologies to ensure these are ‘fit for purpose’. Decision makers should focus on building an effective innovation ecosystem with better links between technologists and accountability actors in both government and civil society to enable learning from successes – and mistakes. CY - Johannesburg DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 PB - SAIIA UR - http://www.saiia.org.za/policy-briefings/why-isn-t-tech-for-accountability-working-in-africa Y2 - 2017/06/01/14:20:02 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: New Zealand AU - OECD DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: Sweden AU - OECD DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: Switzerland AU - OECD DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: The Netherlands AU - OECD DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case studies of results-based management by providers: United Kingdom AU - OECD DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en M3 - OECD Development Cooperation Policy Papers PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/results-development/results-based-approaches/ Y2 - 2019/03/08/09:37:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Combating Wildlife Trafficking Cross-Mission Learning Agenda AU - Present, Teresa AU - Peabody, Shawn DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 17 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Amateur hour: CfC's 'surprising' success in addressing school congestion in the philippines AU - Sidel, John T. T2 - Coalitions for Change AB - The international development community has increasingly embraced the idea that finding durable solutions to complex development problems requires new ways of working that move beyond industry norms. This paper makes an important contribution to the current debate by outlining an innovative monitoring system called Strategy Testing (ST). This is the third paper in the Working Politically in Practice paper series, launched together with the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 PB - Asia Foundation UR - http://asiafoundation.org/publication/strategy-testing-an-innovative-approach-to-monitoring-highly-flexible-aid-programs/ Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:47:09 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Six things that help grant-makers learn and adapt AU - Murray, Aoife T2 - Itad AB - There’s an emerging body of literature identifying key strategies that can both improve learning and enable adaptive management amongst grant-makers. We recently reviewed a host of publications from eight grant-making organisations. Those organisations have diverse aims and approaches but we’ve identified six common themes that stand out: Strong leadership and facilitation enables successful learning and … DA - 2017/04/27/T09:44:20+00:00 PY - 2017 UR - https://www.itad.com/article/six-things-that-help-grant-makers-learn-and-adapt/ Y2 - 2017/06/09/13:53:21 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Smart Risks: How small grants are helping to solve some of the world's biggest problems A3 - Lentfer, Jennifer A3 - Cothran, Tanya AB - As never before, international aid is in the hands of ordinary people. Concerned citizens in wealthy countries are starting philanthropy groups, joining giving circles, and travelling internationally to lend support. Yet, they are torn between the feelings that 'something' must be done about global poverty and that foreign assistance is creating dependency and fueling corruption overseas.A growing community of international small grant-makers know how to find and fund effective grassroots initiatives. Compared to donor-controlled, large-scale, project-based international aid funding, small grant-makers use the concept of 'smart risks' to build upon existing human and social capital and to make a lasting changes in people's lives. Smart Risks brings together the wisdom of experts with wide-ranging experience within the development sector. Their contributions focus on five guiding question, such as 'who is a smart risk?' and 'what is your role in smart risks?' They include case studies, personal stories of lessons learned over time, provocative insights on power and privilege, and practical frameworks for choosing, investing in, and measuring the impact of grassroots organizations and movements. This book is essential reading for all those who wonder how their donations and work can make a difference in developing countries - from aid agency staff and policy makers, to globally engaged individuals. DA - 2017/04/15/ PY - 2017 DP - Amazon SP - 202 LA - English PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 978-1-85339-930-5 ST - Smart Risks ER - TY - MGZN TI - Systems Change in a Polarized Country AU - Kramer, Mark R. T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - A growing number of US foundations are adopting practices based on systems change to achieve their goals in the current political environment. DA - 2017/04/11/ PY - 2017 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/systems_change_in_a_polarized_country Y2 - 2017/09/04/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lifestyle politics and the concept of political participation AU - Moor, Joost de T2 - Acta Politica AB - Van Deth’s comprehensive ‘conceptual map of political participation’ has reinstated a lively debate about the concept of political participation, and provides some compelling solutions to it. However, an important question that has been raised is whether van Deth’s map actually achieves its main goal of unambiguously identifying and classifying emerging, complex types of participation, like online political activism – or lifestyle politics. To contribute to this debate, this article aims to evaluate the usefulness of van Deth’s approach for the analysis of lifestyle politics. Such an evaluation requires a clear classification of lifestyle politics. This, however, is still missing from the literature. The second aim of this article, therefore, is to identify and classify different types of lifestyle politics. On the basis of a literature review, this article argues that lifestyle politics are often enacted throughout different private, public and institutional arenas, and that they are often targeted at various social, economic and political actors at once. Applying van Deth’s conceptual map to these empirical realities, then, suggests that it cannot always account for their complexity sufficiently. Therefore, this article proposes a modification of van Deth’s framework that increases its usefulness for analyzing emerging, complex political participation repertoires. DA - 2017/04/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1057/ap.2015.27 DP - link.springer.com VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 197 J2 - Acta Polit LA - en SN - 0001-6810, 1741-1416 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/ap.2015.27 Y2 - 2017/11/12/18:15:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Conservation Enterprises: Using A Theory of Change Approach to Synthesize Lessons from USAID Biodiversity Projects AU - Boshoven, Judy T2 - Measuring Impact AB - In an effort to increase the understanding of conservation enterprises’ activities and outcomes and to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity programming, this brief synthesizes lessons from past USAID-funded efforts to support conservation enterprises CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 14 LA - en M3 - Technical Brief PB - USAID UR - https://www.fosonline.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/pbaaf622.pdf Y2 - 2023/12/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Causal Link Monitoring AU - Britt, Heather AU - Hummelbrunner, Richard AU - Greene, Jacqueline AB - Causal Link Monitoring (CLM) 1 integrates design and monitoring to support adaptive management of projects. CLM helps project planners and managers identify the processes that are required to achieve desired results, and then to observe whether those processes take place, and how. Result-producing processes specify the causal links between results in a logic model or results framework—in other words, the processes between results.2 CLM focuses on how specific individuals or organizations use results to achieve other results. In CLM, planners start by creating a logic model to help document predictable, agreed-upon elements of the project. Next, they refine the causal links by describing the processes that will transform results at one point in the causal chain to the next. Planners are often less certain about these resultproducing processes. Finally, the CLM logic model is enhanced with information about two important sources of uncertainty, contextual factors that may influence the project and diverse perspectives on the problem and its solution. DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 SP - 41 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/sites/default/files/CLM%20Brief_20170615_1528%20FINAL.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - "That's how the light gets in": Making Change in Closing Political Environments AU - IBP AB - This collection of learning and reflection essays from the International Budget Partnership's 2016 Annual Report illustrate the multidimensional nature of budget work and democratic engagement. Read more. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 PB - International Budget Partnership UR - http://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/making-change-in-closing-political-environments Y2 - 2017/05/19/09:26:34 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Boda Boda Talk Talk Module AU - Internews T2 - Learning Collection CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 PB - Internews & USAID UR - http://www.internews.org/learning-our-learning Y2 - 2017/04/07/12:59:23 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evidence Base for Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting: summary of the literature review (2017 update) AU - Learning Lab AB - LEARN and USAID/PPL are managing an area of work known as Evidence Base for Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting (EB4CLA). The purpose of this work is to answer key learning questions: CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 PB - USAID SN - 2017 update UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/literature-review-evidence-base-collaborating%2C-learning%2C-and-adapting Y2 - 2016/09/23/13:29:30 ER - TY - RPRT TI - (Draft) Managing to Adapt - Analysing Adaptive Management for Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (draft) AU - Schlingheider, Annika AU - Pellfolk, Erica AU - Maneo, Gabriele AU - Desai, Harsh T2 - Oxfam Research Reports AB - Adaptive management is at the heart of ‘doing development differently’ (Wild et al., 2016). Whether it is here to stay depends on how much it is mainstreamed into existing development programming by donors and implementers alike, especially in planning, monitoring, evaluation, and learning (PMEL) cycles. In this report, we find that mainstreaming adaptive management in PMEL involves three strategies: 1. planning for flexibility; 2. developing locally owned monitoring and evaluation (M&E); and 3. creating an enabling environment for learning. Adopting these strategies contributes to virtuous cycles of PMEL DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 PB - Oxfam UR - https://frompoverty.oxfam.org.uk/draft-paper-on-adaptive-management-in-oxfam-all-comments-welcome/ Y2 - 2023/08/18/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - VANUATU GOVERNANCE FOR GROWTH PROGRAM – REVIEW AU - Warner, Robert AU - Gouy, Jonathan AU - Samson, Anthony DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 92 LA - en ER - TY - BLOG TI - Using PDIA to Put Data Into Action AU - Bhatia, Vinisha AU - Powell, Josh T2 - Development Gateway AB - We recently wrote about how the data for development community needs to take a more context aware, demand-driven approach to data. Applying theories of change... DA - 2017/03/27/ PY - 2017 UR - http://www.developmentgateway.org/blog/using-pdia-put-data-action Y2 - 2017/06/03/11:27:08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - It’s About Results at Scale, Not Collective Impact AU - Edmondson, Jeff AU - Santhosh-Kumar, Parvathi T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Improving outcomes at scale requires a paradigm shift in how we work. DA - 2017/03/20/ PY - 2017 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/its_about_results_at_scale_not_collective_impact Y2 - 2017/11/03/17:42:17 ER - TY - CONF TI - Implementing the new development agenda - Wrap up AU - Teskey, Graham T2 - DDD 4 Conference C1 - Jakarta DA - 2017/03/15/16 PY - 2017 UR - http://www.dddworkshop2017.org/download/resources/FramingNoteEng.pdf Y2 - 2017/07/02/16:41:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Re-Perceiving Results: Aid Programs and Change in Fragile Societies AU - van Veen, Erwin AU - Rijper, Alies T2 - Policy Brief AB - Aid programmes need to be able to adapt their objectives and operations to changes in their political environment, since development processes are subject to political contestation. Change takes time and is often a matter of seizing the opportunity. CY - The Hague DA - 2017/03/09/T15:50:29+01:00 PY - 2017 PB - Knowledge Platform Security & Rule of Law UR - https://www.clingendael.nl/publication/re-perceiving-aid-results Y2 - 2017/04/03/09:10:38 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - MPCT TI - Thinking and Working Politically (Yangon, October 2016) AU - British Council AB - On 3-4 October 2016, British Council, Pyoe Pin, The Asia Foundation and UK DFID co-hosted a two day conference on ‘Thinking and Working Politically’ (TWP) for more effective and sustainable development assistance. The success or failure of development programmes is, in many – if not most – cases, determined by domestic politics within countries, rather than by the technical elegance of programme design by external donors. The event brought together international donors, implementing agencies and local partners. Participants compared experiences on what has worked, where and why – both in Myanmar, and across the world including case studies from Sudan, Zambia and the Philippines. Throughout the conference, participants familiarised themselves with politically smart development approaches and what it means to think and work politically in Myanmar. This has laid foundations for greater collaboration on TWP to help meet Myanmar’s critical development challenges. DA - 2017/03/08/ PY - 2017 PB - British Council Myanmar UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-blBO3aulg Y2 - 2017/03/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Getting beneath the surface in program planning, monitoring and evaluation: Learning from use of participatory action research and theory of change in the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems AU - Apgar, J Marina AU - Allen, Will AU - Albert, Joelle AU - Douthwaite, Boru AU - Paz Ybarnegaray, Rodrigo AU - Lunda, Jeston T2 - Action Research AB - Many rural poor and marginalized people strive to make a living in social-ecological systems that are characterized by multiple and often inequitable interactions across agents, scale and space. Uncertainty and inequality in such systems require research and development interventions to be adaptive, support learning and to engage with underlying drivers of poverty. Such complexity-aware approaches to planning, monitoring and evaluating development interventions are gaining strength, yet, there is still little empirical evidence of what it takes to implement them in practice. In this paper, we share learning from an agricultural research program that used participatory action research and theory of change to foster learning and support transformative change in aquatic agricultural systems. We reflect on our use of critical reflection within participatory agricultural research interventions, and our use of theory of change to collectively surface and revisit assumptions about how change happens. We share learning on the importance of being strengths-based in engaging stakeholders across scales and building a common goal as a starting point, and then staging a more critical practice as capacity is built and opportunities for digging deeper emerge. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1177/1476750316673879 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 34 J2 - Action Research LA - en SN - 1476-7503 ST - Getting beneath the surface in program planning, monitoring and evaluation UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750316673879 Y2 - 2018/07/27/10:06:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implementation of the first adaptive management plan for a European migratory waterbird population: The case of the Svalbard pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus AU - Madsen, Jesper AU - Williams, James Henty AU - Johnson, Fred A. AU - Tombre, Ingunn M. AU - Dereliev, Sergey AU - Kuijken, Eckhart T2 - Ambio AB - An International Species Management Plan for the Svalbard population of the pink-footed goose was adopted under the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds in 2012, the first case of adaptive management of a migratory waterbird population in Europe. An international working group (including statutory agencies, NGO representatives and experts) agreed on objectives and actions to maintain the population in favourable conservation status, while accounting for biodiversity, economic and recreational interests. Agreements include setting a population target to reduce agricultural conflicts and avoid tundra degradation, and using hunting in some range states to maintain stable population size. As part of the adaptive management procedures, adjustment to harvest is made annually subject to population status. This has required streamlining of monitoring and assessment activities. Three years after implementation, indicators suggest the attainment of management results. Dialogue, consensus-building and engagement among stakeholders represent the major process achievements. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s13280-016-0888-0 DP - Springer Link VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 275 EP - 289 J2 - Ambio LA - en SN - 1654-7209 ST - Implementation of the first adaptive management plan for a European migratory waterbird population UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0888-0 Y2 - 2019/02/25/12:22:10 KW - Adaptive harvest management KW - Human–wildlife conflict KW - Population target KW - Stakeholder involvement KW - Structured decision-making KW - Tundra degradation ER - TY - RPRT TI - Refining advocacy assessment: reflections from practice AU - Buffardi, Anne AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Tilley, Helen T2 - Working Paper AB - • This paper revisits how existing advocacy evaluation frameworks classify people and activities, and define and assess outcomes. We discuss how assessments could be more specific and propose bounding the scope of inquiry in one of four ways: strategy specific, outcome oriented, actor-centric or system-wide. • In classifying activities, the same action or event may be situated at different phases of the change pathway – in some cases used as a tactic to influence a policy outcome, and in others an intended outcome itself. • Because advocacy is more relational than other types of more technical development interventions, there will be fewer sources of directly observable data, and the direction of potential bias may be unknown. • In terms of learning, advocacy initiatives are contextually dependent, therefore lessons may be less directly transferable to subsequent phases of an initiative or to other settings. Organisations have bounded repertoires and the transferability of skill sets is limited, so advocates adapt how and with whom they engage more than what they do DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - ODI SN - 500 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11335.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Social Realities of Knowledge for Development A3 - Georgalakis, James A3 - Jessani, Nasreen A3 - Oronje, Rose A3 - Ramalingam, Ben AB - This edited collection of peer-reviewed papers explores critical challenges faced by organisations and individuals involved in evidence-informed development through a diverse set of case studies and t... CY - Brighton DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - IDS ST - The Social Realities of Knowledge for Development UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/the-social-realities-of-knowledge-for-development-sharing-lessons-of-improving-development-processes-with-evidence Y2 - 2017/04/22/19:42:56 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The NGO-Academia Interface: Realising the shared potential AU - Green, Duncan T2 - The Social Realities of Knowledge for Development A2 - Georgalakis, James A2 - Jessani, Nasreen A2 - Oronje, Rose A2 - Ramalingam, Ben AB - This edited collection of peer-reviewed papers explores critical challenges faced by organisations and individuals involved in evidence-informed development through a diverse set of case studies and t... CY - Brighton DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - IDS UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/the-social-realities-of-knowledge-for-development-sharing-lessons-of-improving-development-processes-with-evidence Y2 - 2017/04/22/19:42:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Causality and attribution in market systems development AU - Jenal, Marcus AU - Liesner, Mollie AB - Resources that contain evidence of market systems interventions. Recently updated. CY - London DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - BEAM UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/950/ Y2 - 2017/04/25/04:56:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landscape Analysis of Learing Agendas: USAID/Washington and beyond AU - Learning Lab AB - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY U.S. government agencies and development organizations around the world are increasingly recognizing and supporting learning activities— often informed by a learning agenda—as important tools for improving organizational effectiveness and efficiency. A learning agenda comprises a set of broad questions directly related to the work that an agency conducts; when answered, they enable the agency to work more effectively and efficiently, particularly pertaining to evaluation, evidence, and decisionmaking. This report surveys the landscape of learning agendas at USAID and beyond to inform the learning agenda initiative planned by the Office of Learning, Evaluation, and Research (LER) in the Bureau for Policy, Planning and Learning (PPL). Reporting on research conducted over a 6-month period (September 2016 to February 2017), this landscape analysis focuses on six documented, office-, bureau-, or initiative-wide learning agendas being used at USAID/Washington. It also considers 11 new or noteworthy learning initiatives at USAID and five learning efforts at other federal agencies. The research team interviewed 60 staff from 20 USAID offices and bureaus, as well as staff from five other federal agencies. (See Annexes 1 through IV for more information.) The team also convened two focus groups: one with staff in USAID/Washington who had recently returned from serving in Missions, and one with PPL staff who discussed that bureau’s learning activities. The report details the interviewees’ remarks on six topics:  Motivations behind their decisions to pursue a learning agenda, such as expectations of accountability, especially in response to leadership demands  The key benefits emerging from their learning agenda efforts, which have included identifying gaps in knowledge and evidence, and supporting other cultural and organizational change processes  The participatory and consultative strategies they used to engage with stakeholders, including engagement with Mission staff and inclusion of academics and outside experts  The learning activities and products related to their initiatives  Challenges and strategies on resources, dissemination, and utilization, including ways to update their learning agenda to ensure that it remains a “living document”  Recommendations they had for PPL and others considering embarking on a learning agenda initiative CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/literature-review-evidence-base-collaborating%2C-learning%2C-and-adapting Y2 - 2016/09/23/13:29:30 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and Working Politically – Are We Seeing the Emergence of a Second Orthodoxy? AU - Teskey, Graham T2 - Governance Working Paper 1 AB - There now is a persuasive volume of evidence that demonstrates that capacity and technical knowledge alone are insufficient to change deeply entrenched political interests and bureaucratic norms. These critiques demonstrate that an understanding of power asymmetries is frequently the critical missing ingredient in project design and implementation. Many eminent thinkers have looked at the difference between success and failure in development, and all point to the primacy of domestic politics. This point has not been lost on development agencies and some have tried to provoke greater attention to the role that politics plays. However, this recognition is yet to pass into the mainstream of development practice. Despite the slow but sure accretion of this knowledge the international community seems to be wedded to doing development traditionally. The purpose of this paper is to consider the extent to which a ‘second orthodoxy’ is slowly emerging which can stand alongside, and in some cases may supplant, the ‘first orthodoxy’ of the traditional project framework. Care has to be taken in making this argument, as there is certainly no consensus within the development community on its importance, and even among advocates, there are slightly differing interpretations of what this second orthodoxy looks like. Further, it is not absolutely clear that the two orthodoxies can co-exist. The paper does not call for any ‘paradigm shift’ in how development practitioners conceptualise programs and projects, nor does it demand that the project framework be scrapped; the former would be impossible and the latter undesirable. Equally readers will find no claims that Doing Development Differently or ‘Thinking and Working Politically’ will always and everywhere guarantee better development outcomes. Rather, the paper seeks to summarise how the two orthodoxies differ, where the second orthodoxy now stands, and propose how it can be taken forward in practical terms. DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - Abt Associates UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/abt-associates-working-paper-series-issue-no-1-final-010617.pdf Y2 - 2019/06/21/14:46:49 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Project Cycle Hacker's Toolkit - changing the conversation around your projects AU - UNDP AB - The Istanbul Regional Hub partnered with Nesta and 4 country offices (fYR Macedonia, Moldova, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan) to develop a program that can help us bring innovation closer to the center of the organization by embedding it in the key project management business processes - The Project Cycle Hackers Toolkit. DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - UNDP UR - http://www.eurasia.undp.org/content/rbec/en/home/library/innovation/hackers-toolkit.html Y2 - 2017/06/15/10:47:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Measuring Efforts to Combat Wildlife Crime - A toolkit for Improving Actiona and Accountability (v.1.3) AU - USAID T2 - Measuring Impact CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Innovating in Development Learning Event - Challenge brief AU - Vogel, Isabel DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 PB - Ideas to Impact / iMC UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/59d66228e5274a5becce36b0/challenge_brief_v8a.pdf Y2 - 2023/01/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Connecting the Dots: Systems Practice & Political Economy Analysis T2 - Local Systems Community A2 - Walker, Tjip A2 - Jacobstein, David AB - This slide deck, from a presentation to the Local Systems Community by Tjip Walker and David Jacobstein, shows various ways in which assessing the political economy of a context and understanding that context through the lens of systems thinking can reinforce each other. Effective systems practice should be grounded in the incentives and power dynamics of a particular local system; thinking and working politically requires understanding the systems dynamics of an issue or sector. DA - 2017/03// PY - 2017 LA - en UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/connecting-dots-systems-practice-and-political-economy Y2 - 2021/01/04/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development is Going Digital: What is the role of INGOs? ICT for Development programmes in the Horn, East and Central Africa AU - Haikin, Matt AU - Flatters, George T2 - Policy & Practice AB - Development is going digital and INGOs like Oxfam have a vital convening role to play. This paper draws on ICT for Development in Oxfam’s programmes in the Horn, East and Central Africa to consider what this role is.  In order to realise the opportunities DA - 2017/02/23/ PY - 2017 DP - policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk ST - Development is Going Digital UR - http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/development-is-going-digital-what-is-the-role-of-ingos-ict-for-development-prog-620193 Y2 - 2017/02/23/11:09:44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fostering Learning in Large Programmes and Portfolios: Emerging Lessons from Climate Change and Sustainable Development AU - Harvey, Blane AU - Pasanen, Tiina AU - Pollard, Alison AU - Raybould, Julia T2 - Sustainability AB - In fields like climate and development, where the challenges being addressed can be described as “wicked”, learning is key to successful programming. Useful practical and theoretical work is being undertaken to better understand the role of reflexive learning in bringing together different knowledge to address complex problems like climate change. Through a review of practical cases and learning theories commonly used in the areas of resilience, climate change adaptation and environmental management, this article: (i) reviews the theories that have shaped approaches to reflexive learning in large, highly-distributed climate change and resilience-building programmes for development; and (ii) conducts a comparative learning review of key challenges and lessons emerging from early efforts to promote and integrate reflexive learning processes in programmes of this nature. Using a case study approach, the authors focus on early efforts made in four large, inter-related (or nested) programmes to establish, integrate and sustain learning processes and systems. Eight themes emerged from the review and are considered from the perspective of learning programmes as emergent communities of practice. By investigating how these themes play out in the nested programming, the paper contributes to the limited existing body of evidence on learning in large climate change programmes and identifies areas where future efforts might focus. DA - 2017/02/21/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.3390/su9020315 DP - Crossref VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 315 LA - en SN - 2071-1050 ST - Fostering Learning in Large Programmes and Portfolios UR - http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/315 Y2 - 2019/03/12/14:17:01 ER - TY - BLOG TI - PDIA Course: Alumni are already practicing what they learned AU - Samji, Salimah T2 - Building State Capability AB - written by Salimah Samji We offered 4 free PDIA online courses between November 2015 and June 2016. They were well received and 365 people, living in 56 countries, successfully completed the course… DA - 2017/02/12/T04:14:28+00:00 PY - 2017 ST - PDIA Course UR - https://buildingstatecapability.com/2017/02/11/pdia-course-alumni-are-already-practicing-what-they-learned Y2 - 2017/04/18/15:31:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Sense and Respond: How Successful Organizations Listen to Customers and Create New Products Continuously AU - Gothelf, Jeff AU - Seiden, Josh AB - The End of Assembly Line ManagementWe’re in the midst of a revolution. Quantum leaps in technology are enabling organizations to observe and measure people’s behavior in real time, communicate internally at extraordinary speed, and innovate continuously. These new, software-driven technologies are transforming the way companies interact with their customers, employees, and other stakeholders.This is no mere tech issue. The transformation requires a complete rethinking of the way we organize and manage work. And, as software becomes ever more integrated into every product and service, making this big shift is quickly becoming the key operational challenge for businesses of all kinds. We need a management model that doesn’t merely account for, but actually embraces, continuous change. Yet the truth is, most organizations continue to rely on outmoded, industrial-era operational models. They structure their teams, manage their people, and evolve their organizational cultures the way they always have.Now, organizations are emerging, and thriving, based on their capacity to sense and respond instantly to customer and employee behaviors. In Sense and Respond, Jeff Gothelf and Josh Seiden, leading tech experts and founders of the global Lean UX movement, vividly show how these companies operate, highlighting the new mindset and skills needed to lead and manage them—and to continuously innovate within them.In illuminating and instructive business examples, you’ll see organizations with distinctively new operating principles: shifting from managing outputs to what the authors call “outcome-focused management”; forming self-guided teams that can read and react to a fast-changing environment; creating a learning-all-the-time culture that can understand and respond to new customer behaviors and the data they generate; and finally, developing in everyone at the company the new universal skills of customer listening, assessment, and response.This engaging and practical book provides the crucial new operational and management model to help you and your organization win in a world of continuous change. CY - Boston DA - 2017/02/07/ PY - 2017 DP - Amazon SP - 256 LA - English PB - Harvard Business Review Press SN - 978-1-63369-188-9 ST - Sense and Respond ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is technopolitics? A conceptual schema for understanding politics in the digital age Doctoral Student on the Programme on Political Science New School for Social Research AU - Kurban, Can AU - Peña-Lopez, Ismael AU - Haberer, Maria T2 - Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política AB - In this article we seek to revisit what the term ‘technopolitical’ means for democratic politics in our age. We begin by tracing how the term was used and then transformed through various and conflicting adaptations of ICTs (Information and DA - 2017/02// PY - 2017 DP - www.academia.edu IS - 24 ST - What is technopolitics? UR - https://www.academia.edu/33136106/What_is_technopolitics_A_conceptual_schema_for_understanding_politics_in_the_digital_age_Doctoral_Student_on_the_Programme_on_Political_Science_New_School_for_Social_Research Y2 - 2017/05/22/12:14:41 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Digital Democracy: The Tools Transforming Political Engagement AU - Simon, Julie AU - Bass, Theo AU - Boelman, Victoria AU - Mulgan, Geoff AB - This paper shares lessons from Nesta’s research into some of the pioneering innovations in digital democracy which are taking place across Europe and beyond CY - London DA - 2017/02// PY - 2017 PB - NESTA ST - Digital Democracy UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/digital-democracy-tools-transforming-political-engagement Y2 - 2017/03/24/11:19:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Innovation in development: Sharing learning, improving impact AU - Vogel, Isabel AU - Minkley, Gabrielle AU - Chowdhury, Sajid DA - 2017/02// PY - 2017 M3 - Workshop report PB - Ideas to Impact / IMC Worldwide UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5f022002d3bf7f7691f44c3b/Innovation_in_development_Learning_Event_workshop_report.pdf Y2 - 2023/01/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Putting theory into practice: how DFID is doing development differently AU - Wild, Leni AU - Booth, David AU - Valters, Craig CY - London DA - 2017/02// PY - 2017 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10729-putting-theory-practice-how-dfid-doing-development-differently Y2 - 2017/03/16/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lean vs Agile vs Design Thinking: What you really need to know to build high-performing digital product teams AU - Gothelf, Jeff AB - As companies evolve to adopt, integrate and leverage software as the defining element of their success in the 21st century, a rash of processes and methodologies are vying for their product teams' attention. In the worst of cases, each discipline on these teams -- product management, design and software engineering -- learn a different model. This short, tactical book reconciles the perceived differences in Lean Startup, Design Thinking and Agile software development by focusing not on rituals and practices but on the values that underpin all 3 methods. DA - 2017/01/24/ PY - 2017 DP - Amazon SP - 64 LA - English PB - CreateSpace SN - 978-1-5411-4003-5 ST - Lean vs Agile vs Design Thinking ER - TY - RPRT TI - ADS 201 Additional Help- Whole-of-Project Evaluation AU - USAID CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/01/23/ PY - 2017 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/201.pdf Y2 - 2017/02/13/16:22:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - USAID ADS 201 - Program Cycle Operational Policy (Update 1/23/2017) AU - USAID AB - The Program Cycle is USAID’s operational model for planning, delivering, assessing, and adapting development programming in a given region or country to advance U.S. foreign policy. It encompasses guidance and procedures for: 1) Making strategic decisions at the regional or country level about programmatic areas of focus and associated resources; 2) Designing projects and supportive activities to implement strategic plans; and 3) Learning from performance monitoring, evaluations, and other relevant sources of information to make course corrections as needed and inform future programming. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/01/23/ PY - 2017 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/201.pdf Y2 - 2017/02/13/16:22:14 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Woolcock, Michael AB - This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Governments play a major role in the development process, and constantly introduce reforms and policies to achieve developmental objectives. Many of these interventions have limited impact, however; schools get built but children don't learn, IT systems areintroduced but not used, plans are written but not implemented. These achievement deficiencies reveal gaps in capabilities, and weaknesses in the process of building state capability.This book addresses these weaknesses and gaps. It starts by providing evidence of the capability shortfalls that currently exist in many countries, showing that many governments lack basic capacities even after decades of reforms and capacity building efforts. The book then analyses this evidence, identifying capability traps that hold many governments back - particularly related to isomorphic mimicry (where governments copy best practice solutions from other countries that make them look morecapable even if they are not more capable) and premature load bearing (where governments adopt new mechanisms that they cannot actually make work, given weak extant capacities). The book then describes a process that governments can use to escape these capability traps. Called PDIA (problem driveniterative adaptation), this process empowers people working in governments to find and fit solutions to the problems they face. The discussion about this process is structured in a practical manner so that readers can actually apply tools and ideas to the capability challenges they face in their own contexts. These applications will help readers devise policies and reforms that have more impact than those of the past. CY - Oxford DA - 2017/01/19/ PY - 2017 SP - 334 LA - English PB - Oxford University Press ST - Building State Capability UR - http://bsc.cid.harvard.edu/files/bsc/files/bsc_book.pdf Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Donor perceptions and processes: Risks to success of adaptive programming? - Browse - Knowledge Platform Security & Rule of Law AU - Donovan, Elbereth T2 - Knowledge Platform - Security & Rule of Law DA - 2017/01/19/ PY - 2017 UR - http://www.kpsrl.org/browse/browse-item/t/donor-perceptions-and-processes-risks-to-success-of-adaptive-programming Y2 - 2017/01/31/17:49:17 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Rapid experiments with a purpose AU - Moses, Michael T2 - BEAM Exchange AB - New insights, opinions and perspectives on market systems development, from experts and practitioners. DA - 2017/01/05/ PY - 2017 UR - https://beamexchange.org/community/blogs/2017/1/5/experiments-purpose-theories-change-small-bets-support-rapid-learning-and-adaptation/ Y2 - 2017/01/09/16:20:36 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Agile Metrics: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly AU - Wolpers, Stefan T2 - dzone.com AB - Suitable agile metrics reflect either a team’s progress in becoming agile or your organization’s progress in becoming a learning organization. DA - 2017/01/05/ PY - 2017 ST - Agile Metrics UR - https://dzone.com/articles/agile-metricsthe-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly Y2 - 2017/01/10/12:21:16 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Principles for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management of Environmental Water Regimes AU - Webb, J. Angus AU - Watts, Robyn J. AU - Allan, Catherine AU - Warner, Andrew T. T2 - Water for the Environment A2 - Horne, Avril C. A2 - Webb, J. Angus A2 - Stewardson, Michael J. A2 - Richter, Brian A2 - Acreman, Mike AB - Environmental water is often a contentious investment in the environment that must be delivered under uncertainty regarding the ecological and social benefits they deliver. Adaptive management can be used to facilitate decision making under uncertainty, and use new knowledge and understanding to improve management decisions and outcomes over time. However, there is a perception that adaptive management has failed to deliver improvements in decision making and learning. Monitoring and evaluation are an essential feature of adaptive management. However, past monitoring for river protection and restoration has too often been of insufficient quality to facilitate adaptive learning. Moreover, environmental water represents a class of protection and restoration that is inherently difficult to monitor, and some of the learnings are not evident in part because fragmented assessment, documentation, and reporting of adaptive management can obscure successes. We outline a set of general principles for improving monitoring, evaluation, and adaptive management of environmental water regimes, and provide several examples from Australia and North America. Successful adaptive management depends upon the formation and maintenance of strong partnerships and an appreciation of the importance of individuals in teams. Through such partnerships, it is possible to coordinate monitoring programs over large scales, create programs of requisite simplicity, and use innovative approaches to evaluation. Finally, we note that although adaptive management has occurred in the past, too often it has been poorly documented and reported. The inclusion of reflectors in monitoring and evaluation teams will better capture the lessons learned by individual programs, improving adaptive management into the future. DA - 2017/01/01/ PY - 2017 DP - ScienceDirect SP - 649 EP - 673 PB - Academic Press SN - 978-0-12-803907-6 ST - Chapter 27 - Moving Forward UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128039076000279 Y2 - 2019/02/25/11:21:59 KW - Environmental water management KW - Knowledge exchange KW - Legitimacy KW - implementation challenge ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning to Target for Economic Diversification: PDIA in Sri Lanka AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Ariyasinghe, Duminda AU - Batuwanthudawa, Thamari AU - Darmasiri, Shivanthika AU - Silva, Nilupul AU - Harrington, Peter AU - Jayasinghe, Prasanna AU - Jayasinghe, Upul AU - Jayathilake, Gamini AU - Karunaratne, Jayani AU - Katugampala, Lalit AU - Liyanapathirane, Jeewani AU - Malalgoda, Champika AU - McNaught, Tim AU - Poobalan, Anisha AU - Ratnasekera, Sanjeewa AU - Samaraweera, Priyanka AU - Saumya, Erangani AU - Stock, Daniel AU - Senerath, Upali AU - Sibera, Ranjan AU - Walpita, Indira AU - Wijesinghe, Shamalie T2 - CID Faculty Working Paper 332 CY - Cambridge DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 PB - Center for International Development, Harvard University ST - Learning to Target for Economic Diversification ER - TY - RPRT TI - Political Economy Analysis – Guidance for legal technical assistance AU - Denney, Lisa AU - Domingo, Pilar AB - Political economy analysis is about understanding how change in relation to rule of law and international development is embedded within and shaped by political and economic relations that interact and are particular to each context. These political economy dynamics determine the distribution of power and resources within any given society and must be taken into account when attempting to achieve change. Political economy analysis is important in the justice sector because rule of law and dispute resolution processes reflect the rules of the game about who wins and who loses in the allocation of power and resources. Using political economy analysis in legal technical assistance can help to ensure more relevant and effective assistance that sustainably addresses concrete problems. It can also help to avoid the risk that poorly targeted assistance might inadvertently exacerbate existing power structures in a way that was not intended. DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 SP - 24 M3 - Guidance note PB - ROLE UK UR - http://www.roleuk.org.uk/sites/default/files/files/PEA%20-%20Guidance%20for%20legal%20technical%20assistance.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Integrating Livelihood and Conservation Goals: A retrospective Analysis of World Bank Projects AU - Gómez, Andrés AU - Price, Claire T2 - Measuring Impact AB - Using a database of World Bank project evaluations, E3/FAB’s new study called “Integrating Livelihood and Conservation Goals: A Retrospective Analysis of World Bank Projects” aims to contribute to building the evidence base around the integration of biodiversity conservation and livelihood goals. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation at IDRC AU - IDRC CY - Ottawa DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 PB - IDRC UR - https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/sp/Documents%20EN/evaluation-at-idrc.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/15/09:44:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Systems Practice AU - Omidyar Group CY - Washington, DC DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 M3 - Workbook PB - The Omidyar Group UR - https://docs.kumu.io/content/Workbook-012617.pdf Y2 - 2017/04/18/12:41:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Beyond Logframes AU - Simister, Nigel AB - The logical framework, otherwise known as a logframe, is a commonly used planning tool. Initially designed for use within simple projects, it is increasingly being applied to complex programmes and organisations. In these cases the logical framework has limitations. There are several options that can help overcome these limitations. These include expanding the logframe, and using multiple logframes. DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 PB - Intrac UR - https://www.intrac.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Beyond-Logframes.pdf Y2 - 2023/01/12/12:31:28 ER - TY - ELEC TI - 18F Method Cards - A collection of tools to bring human-centered design into your project AU - 18F-GSA T2 - 18F-GSA, US Governement AB - 18F’s method cards describe how our organization puts human-centered design into practice. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 UR - https://methods.18f.gov Y2 - 2017/06/08/10:17:16 ER - TY - ELEC TI - +Acumen MOOC: Adaptive Leadership: Mobilizing for Change and Disrupting the Status Quo AU - +Acumen T2 - NovoEd AB - This four-module course by +Acumen and Adaptive Change Advisors on adaptive leadership, which is a practical leadership framework developed at Harvard Kennedy School for driving systemic change, particularly during times of uncertainty or when there are no easy answers. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 ST - Adaptive Leadership UR - http://www.plusacumen.org/courses/adaptive-leadership Y2 - 2017/06/07/15:39:52 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using adaptive processes and adverse outcome pathways to develop meaningful, robust, and actionable environmental monitoring programs AU - Arciszewski, Tim J. AU - Munkittrick, Kelly R. AU - Scrimgeour, Garry J. AU - Dubé, Monique G. AU - Wrona, Fred J. AU - Hazewinkel, Rod R. T2 - Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management AB - The primary goals of environmental monitoring are to indicate whether unexpected changes related to development are occurring in the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of ecosystems and to inform meaningful management intervention. Although achieving these objectives is conceptually simple, varying scientific and social challenges often result in their breakdown. Conceptualizing, designing, and operating programs that better delineate monitoring, management, and risk assessment processes supported by hypothesis-driven approaches, strong inference, and adverse outcome pathways can overcome many of the challenges. Generally, a robust monitoring program is characterized by hypothesis-driven questions associated with potential adverse outcomes and feedback loops informed by data. Specifically, key and basic features are predictions of future observations (triggers) and mechanisms to respond to success or failure of those predictions (tiers). The adaptive processes accelerate or decelerate the effort to highlight and overcome ignorance while preventing the potentially unnecessary escalation of unguided monitoring and management. The deployment of the mutually reinforcing components can allow for more meaningful and actionable monitoring programs that better associate activities with consequences. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:877–891. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC) DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1002/ieam.1938 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 877 EP - 891 LA - en SN - 1551-3793 UR - https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ieam.1938 Y2 - 2019/07/19/20:43:50 KW - Adaptive monitoring KW - Environmental management KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Tier KW - Trigger ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Generalizability Puzzle AU - Bates, Mary Ann AU - Glennerster, Rachel T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - The practice of using rigorous scientific evaluations to study solutions to global poverty is relatively young. Although researchers continue to advance our knowledge of the mechanisms at work, confusion about their role and value persists. Having evidence from specific studies is fine and good, but for policy makers, the point is not simply to understand poverty, but to eliminate it. Do decisions always need to be informed by evidence from the local context? What potential and limits do randomized controlled trials have for improving our knowledge and finding effective answers? Two leaders in anti-poverty research—J-PAL and IPA—dispel some of the myths about their field. In this article, authors from J-PAL argue that rigorous impact evaluations tell us a lot about the world, not just the particular contexts in which they are conducted. Access to this article made possible by MIT. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 IS - Summer 2017 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_generalizability_puzzle Y2 - 2017/10/11/15:11:53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - More accountable and responsive governance: How do technologies help make it happen? AU - Brock, Karen AU - McGee, Rosemary AB - The change Making All Voices Count wants to see is more responsive, accountable governance. The programme has contributed to this change by supporting tech-enabled initiatives which amplify citizen voice and nurture government responsiveness, and by building understanding of when and how the technologies help create and support change. In March 2017, partners from 34 of the programme's projects met with Making All Voices Count staff and associates in South Africa in order to share their stories of change. The learning event participants analysed their experiences using a framework that describes seven streams of tech-enabled change: the information stream; the feedback stream; the naming-and-shaming stream; the conducive innovation system stream; the connecting citizens stream; the infomediation stream and the intermediation stream. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en ST - More accountable and responsive governance UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12975 Y2 - 2017/05/16/14:01:47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A reflection on collaborative adaptation research in Africa and Asia AU - Cochrane, Logan AU - Cundill, Georgina AU - Ludi, Eva AU - New, Mark AU - Nicholls, Robert J. AU - Wester, Philippus AU - Cantin, Bernard AU - Murali, Kallur Subrammanyam AU - Leone, Michele AU - Kituyi, Evans AU - Landry, Marie-Eve T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1140-6 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 1553 EP - 1561 LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10113-017-1140-6 Y2 - 2019/05/02/17:55:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID Data Disaggregation Action Plan: Better Data for Better Lives AU - DFID DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/582315/Data-disaggregation-action-plan-Jan-2017.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID Smart Rules: Better Programme Delivery - version VII (2017.04) AU - DFID AB - Smart Rules provide the operating framework for the Department for International Development’s (DFID’s) programmes. CY - London DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - DFID ST - DFID Smart Rules UR - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dfid-smart-rules-better-programme-delivery Y2 - 2017/06/09/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID Smart Rules: Better Programme Delivery - version VIII (2018.04) AU - DFID AB - Smart Rules provide the operating framework for the Department for International Development’s (DFID’s) programmes. CY - London DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - DFID ST - DFID Smart Rules UR - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dfid-smart-rules-better-programme-delivery Y2 - 2017/06/09/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Programming and Business Environment Reform – Lessons for DFID Zimbabwe AU - Donovan, Elbereth AU - Manuel, Clare CY - London DA - 2017/04// PY - 2017 PB - DFID UR - http://businessenvironmentreform.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/BERF-Adaptive-Programming-and-Business-Environment-Reform-in-Zimbabwe.pdf Y2 - 2017/09/25/17:01:47 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - CHAP TI - Doing Development Differently: Understanding the Landscape and Implications of New Approaches to Governance and Public-sector Reforms AU - Fritz, Verena T2 - Transformation, Politics and Implementation A2 - Kirsch, Renate A2 - Siehl, Elke A2 - Stockmayer, Albrecht T3 - Smart Implementation in Governance Programs AB - Seeking to accelerate development, the agencies and individuals involved have regularly advanced new ideas of how external support can function better, deliver more, and achieve greater impact. There has been a particular flourishing of new ideas within the broad field of governance and public-sector reforms in the 2000s. This chapter starts off with a review of the “landscape of new ideas,” focusing on five proposed approaches in particular: political economy analysis (PEA), Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA), Doing Development Differently (DDD), Thinking and Working Politically (TWP), and the “science of delivery.” It sets out the “problem-diagnostic” that underpins each of these DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - JSTOR ET - 1 SP - 75 EP - 98 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH SN - 978-3-8487-3738-3 ST - Doing Development Differently UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv941tdt.8 Y2 - 2020/12/11/11:55:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Canada's Feminist International Assistance Policy AU - GAC CY - Ottawa DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Global Affairs Canada UR - https://international.gc.ca/world-monde/assets/pdfs/iap2-eng.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/31/00:00:00 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Scaling Science AU - Gargani, John AU - McLean, Robert T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 IS - Fall LA - en-us UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/scaling_science Y2 - 2019/02/15/09:42:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - One step to a thousand miles: building accountability in Liberia AU - Gilberds, Heather AB - Lessons for enabling accountability and integrity in Liberia DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Accountability Lab Liberia ST - One step to a thousand miles UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/one-step-thousand-miles-building-accountability-liberia Y2 - 2017/05/12/14:06:56 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Toolkit Digitalisation: Tools to Support Strategic Planning and Implementation AU - GIZ DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 UR - https://www.giz.de/expertise/html/22701.html Y2 - 2017/05/25/14:15:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Voice or chatter? Making ICTs work for transformative engagement: research report summary AU - Gurumurthy, Anita AU - Bharthur, Deepti AU - Chami, Nandini T2 - MAVC Research Report AB - What are the conditions in democratic governance that make information and communication technology (ICT)-mediated citizen engagement transformative? While substantial scholarship exists on the role of the Internet and digital technologies in triggering moments of political disruption and cascading upheavals, academic interest in the sort of deep change that transforms institutional cultures of democratic governance, occurring in ‘slow time’, has been relatively muted. This study attempts to fill this gap. It is inspired by the idea of participation in everyday democracy and seeks to explore how ICT-mediated citizen engagement can promote democratic governance and amplify citizen voice. The study involved empirical explorations of citizen engagement initiatives in eight sites – two in Asia (India and Philippines), one in Africa (South Africa), three in South America (Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay) and two in Europe (Netherlands and Spain). CY - Brighton DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS ST - Voice or chatter? UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13206 Y2 - 2019/06/17/10:17:45 ER - TY - BOOK TI - RAND Program Evaluation Toolkit for Countering Violent Extremism AU - Helmus, Todd AU - Matthews, Miriam AU - Ramchand, Rajeev AU - Beaghley, Sina AU - Stebbins, David AU - Kadlec, Amanda AU - Brown, Michael AU - Kofner, Aaron AU - Acosta, Joie DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Crossref LA - en PB - RAND Corporation SN - 978-0-8330-9724-8 UR - http://www.rand.org/pubs/tools/TL243.html Y2 - 2019/09/17/11:20:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The International Development Innovation Alliance AU - IDIA AB - Brochure from the International Development Innovation Alliance DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 10 LA - en PB - R4D ER - TY - RPRT TI - We Rise - Movement Building Reimagined AU - JASS AB - In our virtual toolkit, We Rise: Movement Building Reimagined, we describe in detail four interconnected cycles of movement building – Rising Up, Building Up, Standing Up, and Shaking Up. At the heart of these cycles lies an analysis of how to challenge and transform power. Each cycle features key ideas, relevant tools, and practical tips from our work and activists in our network that movement builders around the world can learn from and adapt in their own work. CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Just Associates UR - https://werise-toolkit.org/en Y2 - 2022/10/03/08:39:28 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Transformation, politics and implementation: smart implementation in governance programs A3 - Kirsch, Renate A3 - Siehl, Elke A3 - Stockmayer, Albrecht AB - Working in environments characterised by a high degree of uncertainty, uncontrollability and unpredictability, development agents try to organise complex realities into manageable units. What principles influence the decision on adequate approaches and necessary steps? Through theoretical considerations and nine case studies, the GIZ traces implementation processes and identifies underlying guiding principles which provide the flexibility and adaptability that is necessary for acting in complex contexts. Main findings show that an adaptive and reflexive management structure is crucial for successful implementation. Quick iteration and tight feedback loops facilitate adaptation and reorientation. Contextsensitive knowledge and constant monitoring create a space for learning and innovation. A joint vision for the future which is used for orientation purposes and can be modified according to new findings and developments fosters fruitful cooperation. CY - Baden-Baden DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN ET - 1. Auflage SP - 367 LA - eng PB - Nomos SN - 978-3-8452-8051-6 978-3-8487-3738-3 ST - Transformation, politics and implementation UR - http://frankfurter-gruppe.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Smart-Implementation-E-Book.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Changing humanitarian action? AU - Knox-Clarke, Paul T2 - ALNAP Working Paper AB - We live in times of profound change. This has had a great impact on humanitarian needs, and the approaches taken to meet these needs. Changes in technology, ecology, politics, economics and demographics have shaped, and will continue to shape, humanitarian action. Many humanitarians and observers of humanitarian action have suggested that change initiatives in the sector have been unambitious and unsuccessful. Indeed, many people think that the humanitarian system is unable, or unwilling, to make the changes that are required to remain effective and relevant in a rapidly changing world. Following the World Humanitarian Summit many stakeholders have made commitments to significant changes. But can the system change? And if so, how? As a network which exists to support change and improvement, it seems appropriate that ALNAP meets to consider how change occurs in the humanitarian system, and how it can be done better. Find out more about the 31st Annual Meeting by reading the concept note, or by visiting alnap.org/31am. CY - London DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - ALNAP/ODI ST - Changing Humanitarian Action? UR - http://www.alnap.org/resource/23591 Y2 - 2017/02/15/16:03:07 ER - TY - RPRT TI - An analysis of what CLA looks like in Development Programming AU - Learning Lab CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/three-ways-collaborating,-learning,-and-adapting-make-difference-what-weve-learned-our Y2 - 2017/02/09/11:49:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How can we be more adaptive? AdaptScan identifies critical areas for improvement AU - Mercy Corps DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Mercy Corps & IRC KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Leadership in Development course AU - Moran, Mark AU - Curth-Bibb, Jodie AU - Grice, Tim AU - Glavey, Sarah T2 - edX MOOC DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - University of Queensland UR - https://www.edx.org/course/adaptive-leadership-development-uqx-lgdm3x Y2 - 2017/07/11/08:45:38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Learning to make all voices count: Lessons and reflection on localising the Open Government Partnership AU - Moses, Michael AB - This report reviews the evidence from Learning to Make All Voices Count (L-MAVC), a programme funded by Making All Voices Count and implemented in collaboration with Global Integrity. L-MAVC intended to support six Making All Voices Count grantees, working in five countries, in co-creating and applying a participatory, learning-centred, and adaptive approach to strengthening citizen engagement in governance processes in their contexts, including with respect to the Open Government Partnership (OGP). Two overarching sets of lessons emerge from the experiences of L-MAVC grantees. First, supporting citizen engagement and government accountability in subnational contexts, and localising the OGP in ways that matter to citizens, is not straightforward. Doing so successfully entails engaging with, navigating and shaping political and power dynamics in those contexts, and iteratively adapting to emerging lessons and challenges. Second, the effectiveness of adaptive ways of working depends in part on the extent to which they offer opportunities for cross-context peer learning, support the regular collection and use of data, and are themselves adaptive. These lessons have implications for the broader community of actors working to support governance reform, including the OGP and its partners, donors and multilateral institutions, and practitioners and policy-makers. The evidence from L-MAVC suggests that if these actors are to contribute more effectively to reforms that affect citizens’ lives, substantial changes – with respect to the nature of support provided to domestic stakeholders and to grant-making practices – may be warranted DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en ST - Learning to make all voices count UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13351 Y2 - 2018/03/23/08:36:01 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participation and Power in Climate Change Adaptation Policies: Vulnerability in Food Security Programs in Nepal AU - Nagoda, Sigrid AU - Nightingale, Andrea J. T2 - World Development AB - The article explores the moments wherein participatory approaches in climate change adaptation (CCA) policies contribute to reinforcing, rather than transforming, the underlying causes of vulnerability. Using the case of food insecure households in the district of Humla in northwestern Nepal, the study demonstrates that the same social and power relations that are driving local vulnerability dynamics, such as caste, gender, and access to social and political networks, also play important roles in shaping the impact of CCA policies. By tracing Nepal’s CCA programs, starting with the local level, through district to international-national level dynamics, the study adds insights into the barriers to exclusion that embed power relations all the way through the chain of policy development. The purpose is to better understand how CCA can perpetuate rather than alleviate the conditions that create differential vulnerability patterns at village level. It raises questions about how whether CCA programs are an adequate response to increasing vulnerability for some of the world’s most marginalized people. DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.022 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 100 SP - 85 EP - 93 LA - en SN - 0305750X ST - Participation and Power in Climate Change Adaptation Policies UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X17302504 Y2 - 2019/05/02/17:52:37 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluating Humanitarian Innovation AU - Obrecht, Alice AU - Warner, Alexandra AU - Dillon, Neil T2 - HIF-ALNAP working paper CY - London DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 48 LA - en PB - ALNAP ER - TY - ELEC TI - Open Governance Research Exchange AU - OGRX T2 - Your hub for quantitative and qualitative research on innovations in governance AB - Your hub for quantitative and qualitative research on innovations in governance. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 UR - http://www.ogrx.org Y2 - 2017/05/05/08:28:43 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Politics of Evidence: From Evidence-based Policy to the Good Governance of Evidence AU - Parkhurst, Justin AB - The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. There has been an enormous increase in interest in the use of evidence for public policymaking, but the vast majority of work on the subject has failed to engage with the political nature of decision making and how this influences the ways in which evidence will be used (or misused) within political areas. This book provides new insights into the nature of political bias with regards to evidence and critically considers what an ‘improved’ use of evidence would look like from a policymaking perspective. Part I describes the great potential for evidence to help achieve social goals, as well as the challenges raised by the political nature of policymaking. It explores the concern of evidence advocates that political interests drive the misuse or manipulation of evidence, as well as counter-concerns of critical policy scholars about how appeals to ‘evidence-based policy’ can depoliticise political debates. Both concerns reflect forms of bias – the first representing technical bias, whereby evidence use violates principles of scientific best practice, and the second representing issue bias in how appeals to evidence can shift political debates to particular questions or marginalise policy-relevant social concerns. Part II then draws on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology to understand the origins and mechanisms of both forms of bias in relation to political interests and values. It illustrates how such biases are not only common, but can be much more predictable once we recognise their origins and manifestations in policy arenas. Finally, Part III discusses ways to move forward for those seeking to improve the use of evidence in public policymaking. It explores what constitutes ‘good evidence for policy’, as well as the ‘good use of evidence’ within policy processes, and considers how to build evidence-advisory institutions that embed key principles of both scientific good practice and democratic representation. Taken as a whole, the approach promoted is termed the ‘good governance of evidence’ – a concept that represents the use of rigorous, systematic and technically valid pieces of evidence within decision-making processes that are representative of, and accountable to, populations served. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Google Books SP - 197 LA - en PB - Taylor & Francis SN - 978-1-317-38087-0 ST - The Politics of Evidence (Open Access) UR - https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31002 KW - Public policy KW - Social Policy KW - Social Services & Welfare ER - TY - BOOK TI - The politics of evidence: from evidence-based policy to the good governance of evidence AU - Parkhurst, Justin O. T2 - Routledge studies in governance and public policy AB - Introduction -- Evidence-based policymaking : an important first step, and the need to take the next -- Bias and the politics of evidence -- The overt politics of evidence : bias and the pursuit of political interests -- The subtle politics of evidence - the cognitive-political origins of bias -- What is "good evidence for policy"? From hierarchies to appropriate evidence -- What is the "good use of evidence" for policy? -- From evidence-based policy to the good governance of evidence CY - London New York DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 182 LA - en M1 - 28 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group SN - 978-1-138-93940-0 978-1-315-67500-8 ST - The politics of evidence ER - TY - RPRT TI - Citizen participation and the rise of the open source city in Spain AU - Peña-López, Ismael AB - Research on the Information Society, the Digital Divide and Information and Communication Technologies for development CY - Bengaluru DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - ictlogy.net PB - MAVC & IT for Change UR - http://ictlogy.net/bibliography/reports/projects.php?idp=3410 Y2 - 2017/06/09/10:31:37 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bridging Real-Time Data and Adaptive Management in International Devepment - Case Study Report AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Barnett, Inka AU - Valters, Craig AU - Oppenheimer, Carrie AU - Levy, Anna AU - Hernandez, Kevin CY - Brighton DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - IDS ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Truth of the Work: Theories of Change in a changing world AU - Reeler, Doug AU - van Blerk, Rubert DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - The Community Development Resource Association UR - http://www.cdra.org.za/uploads/1/1/1/6/111664/the_truth_of_the_work_-_theories_of_change_in_a_changing_world_-_by_doug_reeler_and_rubert_van_blerk_%E2%80%93_cdra_2017_-_final.pdf Y2 - 2021/05/18/14:49:26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Confronting the Contradiction - An exploration into the dual purpose of accountability and learning in aid evaluation AU - Reinertsen, Hilde AU - Bjørkdahl, Kristian AU - McNeill, Desmond T2 - Rapport 2017:06 CY - Stockholm DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Expertgruppen för biståndsanalys (EBA) UR - https://www.sum.uio.no/english/research/news-and-events/news/2017/aid-evaluation.html Y2 - 2017/06/12/09:36:03 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Citizen-generated data and sustainable development AU - Rono-Bett, Karen AU - Kenei, Steve AB - The potential of citizen-generated data in the sustainable development agenda CY - Nairobi DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - DevInit and DRT UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/citizen-generated-data-sustainable-development/ Y2 - 2017/05/25/11:47:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - “Cash Plus” programmes for children AU - Save the Children T2 - Resource Paper AB - This paper provides a resource on “Cash Plus” interventions for children. These interventions combine household cash transfers with complementary, context-relevant interventionsn in order to address the multiple drivers of childhood deprivations and generate more powerful impacts for children across Save the Children’s Breakthroughs, in both development and humanitarian contexts. CY - London DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Save the Children UR - https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/cash-plus-programmes-children/ Y2 - 2023/12/05/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ING’s agile transformation AU - Schlatmann, Bart T2 - McKinsey Quarterly AB - Two senior executives from the global bank describe their recent journey. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 VL - 2017 IS - 01 UR - http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/ings-agile-transformation Y2 - 2017/02/19/09:29:06 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Glossary of Knowledge Management AU - Serrat, Olivier T2 - Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance A2 - Serrat, Olivier AB - The knowledge management discipline can be cryptic. These Knowledge Solutions define its most common concepts in simple terms. CY - Singapore DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Springer Link SP - 1055 EP - 1061 LA - en PB - Springer Singapore SN - 978-981-10-0983-9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_120 Y2 - 2019/06/17/13:22:12 KW - Definitions KW - Knowledge management KW - Taxonomy KW - Terminology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conflict Aid Goes “Lean” AU - Shinkle, Whitney T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Iterative design methods are essential to development work—even (or especially) in regions marked by war and violence. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 IS - Winter UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/conflict_aid_goes_lean Y2 - 2017/05/04/07:29:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - I know what I know (but how do I know what I don’t?) AU - Smit, Debbie AU - de Lanerolle, Indra AU - Braam, Tamara AU - Byrne, Deborah AU - Legong, Gontse AB - An important support function of Making All Voices Count South Africa is to design, plan and facilitate community of practice gatherings for sustained learning and sharing across Making All Voices Count grantees. This report aims to capture the content of a one-day Making All Voices Count South African Community of Practice (CoP) Meeting held in November 2016. The South African MAVC CoP has been running for three years and has met between two and four times a year. It is a space for MAVC grantees and others working to foster innovation in the fields of transparency and accountability, to share experiences and knowledge, and collaborate in learning and improving work. CY - Johannesburg DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en M3 - Event Report PB - MAVC ST - I know what I know (but how do I know what I don’t? UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12952 Y2 - 2017/05/02/10:01:47 ER - TY - CHAP TI - FOCEVAL – Promoting Evaluation Capacities in Costa Rica:: Smart(er) Implementation with Capacity WORKS? AU - Storm, Sabrina T2 - Transformation, Politics and Implementation A2 - Kirsch, Renate A2 - Siehl, Elke A2 - Stockmayer, Albrecht T3 - Smart Implementation in Governance Programs AB - The National Monitoring and Evaluation System of Costa Rica and its corresponding laws were established during the 1990s. Since then, the country has endeavored to implement monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities as part of its public policy framework. Nevertheless, hardly any systematic evaluations had been conducted, and monitoring activities had been reduced mainly to the institutional self-reporting of implementation compliance. Persisting regional disparities and growing levels of inequality among the population raised the level of pressure on the government to present reliable information on the effectiveness of public interventions. Hence, results-oriented evaluations were promoted by some Costa Rican departments as DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - JSTOR ET - 1 SP - 175 EP - 194 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH SN - 978-3-8487-3738-3 ST - FOCEVAL – Promoting Evaluation Capacities in Costa Rica UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv941tdt.12 Y2 - 2020/12/11/11:04:10 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Evaluating Community Impact: Capturing and Making Sense of Community Outcomes AU - Tamarack Institute DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 UR - https://slideplayer.com/slide/13854314/ Y2 - 2019/06/04/17:36:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and working politically in large, multi-sector Facilities: lessons to date AU - Teskey, Graham AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia T2 - Governance Working Paper 2 DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Abt Associates UR - https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/abt-associates-governance-working-paper-series-issue-no-2-final-171120.pdf Y2 - 2020/03/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How-To Note: Conduct a Data Quality Assessment AU - USAID DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 8 LA - en UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/cleared_-_how-to_note_-_conduct_a_dqa.pdf Y2 - 2019/07/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - THES TI - Matrixing Aid: The Rise and Fall of 'Results Initiatives' in Swedish Development Aid AU - Vähämäki, Janet DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Google Scholar PB - Stockholm Business School, Stockholm University ST - Matrixing Aid UR - http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1054590 Y2 - 2017/10/09/17:03:26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What exactly do we mean by systems? AU - Vexler, Dan T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Everyone is talking about systems. Or at least, that's how it seems in my wonkish corner of the philanthropic world. You can't attend a conference or even have a meeting without hearing about systems, whether it's people trying to disrupt them, map them, learn from them, or catalyze them. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 IS - Fall ST - What Exactly Do We Mean by Systems? UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/what_exactly_do_we_mean_by_systems Y2 - 2017/06/27/11:19:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring Humanitarian Innovation AU - Warner, Alexandra AU - Obrecht, Alice T2 - HIF-ALNAP working paper CY - London DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en PB - ALNAP ER - TY - BOOK TI - World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law AU - World Bank CY - Washington DC DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - The World Bank UR - http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2017 Y2 - 2016/08/05/15:40:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - 'Leaving No One Behind': Why Ideas Matter AU - Evans, Alice DA - 2016/12/28/ PY - 2016 DP - ResearchGate M3 - Working Paper ST - 'Leaving No One Behind' UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316153595_Why_Ideas_Matter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applying social learning where ‘business-as-usual’ solutions no longer work for complex problems and programs AU - Le Borgne, Ewen T2 - CCSL Learning Brief AB - Key messages • Social learning facilitates sharing and learning beyond individuals to networks and systems. Through a facilitated, iterative process of joint work, dialogue and reflection, new shared ways of knowing emerge that lead to changes in practice. • Social learning has real potential to unlock change and transform relationships between actors involved in complex programs and/or dealing with ‘wicked problems’. Adversely it is not advisable to pursue for simple initiatives. • Social learning offers many thematic and pragmatic entry points to be embedded in the CGIAR research programs around partnerships, innovation systems, monitoring and evaluation. DA - 2016/12/15/ PY - 2016 DP - cgspace.cgiar.org VL - 17 LA - en UR - https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/79864 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:10:58 ER - TY - BLOG TI - The context v intervention 2x2 | From Poverty to Power AU - Green, Duncan T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Lots of discussion on my US trip around the strengths/weaknesses of the context v intervention 2x2 that suggests particular theories of change acc to situation DA - 2016/12/09/ PY - 2016 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/how-do-we-chose-the-most-promising-theory-of-change-building-on-the-context-intervention-2x2/ Y2 - 2016/12/09/16:42:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptive Management looks like it’s here to stay. Here’s why that matters. AU - Green, Duncan T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - First installment of reflections on my US trip. This is on the rise of adaptive management approaches in USAID, and some of the questions it raises DA - 2016/12/08/ PY - 2016 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/adaptive-management-looks-like-its-hear-to-stay-heres-why-that-matters/ Y2 - 2016/12/09/14:31:25 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Real-Time Data for Adaptive Management at USAID T2 - Health Communication Innovation Webinar A2 - Doshi, Samir DA - 2016/12/07/ PY - 2016 UR - http://healthcommcapacity.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/USAID-Innov-Webinar-120716.pdf Y2 - 2017/05/31/14:50:36 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Managing Policy Mess AU - Roe, Emery T2 - Governance in Turbulent Times A2 - Ansell, Christopher K. A2 - Trondal, Jarle A2 - Øgård, Morten AB - What are the conditions for political development and decay, and the likelihood of sustained political order? What are the limits of established rule as we know it? How much stress can systems tackle before they reach some kind of limit? How do governments tackle enduring ambiguity and uncertainty in their systems and environments? These are some of the big questions of our time. Governance in turbulent times may serve as a stress-test of well-known ways of governing in the 21st century. Governance in Turbulent Times discusses this pertinent challenge and suggests how governments and organizations cope with and live with turbulence. The book explores how organizations and institutions respond to precipitous, conflicting, and novel-in short, turbulent-governance challenges. This book is a comprehensive and ground-breaking endeavor to understand how governance systems respond to turbulent challenges, and how turbulent times provide excellent opportunities to investigate the sustainability of governance systems. The book illustrates how politics, administrative scale and complexity, uncertainty, and time constraints can collide to produce turbulence. Building on prior work in organization theory and political science, we argue that turbulence refers to four properties related to the interaction of demands for action: variability, consistency, expectation, and unpredictability. Turbulence occurs where the interaction of demands is experienced as highly variable, inconsistent, unexpected, and/or unpredictable. DA - 2016/12/06/ PY - 2016 DP - Google Books LA - en PB - Oxford University Press SN - 978-0-19-250888-1 KW - Comparative Politics KW - International Relations KW - Political Process KW - Political science KW - Public Affairs & Administration ER - TY - BLOG TI - How to Apply Agile Principles to International Development M&E AU - ICTworks T2 - ICT Works AB - We all want to be good at our jobs. We want to accomplish the things we set out to do. If we aren’t accomplishing them, we want to figure out why or try new solutions. The trend toward Adaptive M&E is exactly that: a desire to be better at our jobs. Similar trends exist in the software world (agile) and in manufacturing and start-ups (lean). But by any name, this process of seeking to improve is about speeding up decision-making and solution delivery by focusing on incremental, iterative planning and execution. I presented on agile with Monalisa Salib of USAID Learning Lab at MERL Tech 2016. I talked about creating software; she talked about creating evaluation tools for USAID missions, but we were describing the same basic process: Develop, Release, Reflect, and Adapt. You can see our slide deck for more details, but here are the key discussion takeaways that won’t show up there: 1: Eyes on the Prize Any effort should start with a clear definition of what you’re hoping to achieve. DA - 2016/12/05/T00:24:57Z PY - 2016 UR - https://www.ictworks.org/how-to-apply-agile-principles-to-international-development-me/ Y2 - 2022/05/03/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assumptions, conjectures, and other miracles: The application of evaluative thinking to theory of change models in community development AU - Archibald, Thomas AU - Sharrock, Guy AU - Buckley, Jane AU - Cook, Natalie T2 - Evaluation and Program Planning AB - Unexamined and unjustified assumptions are the Achilles’ heel of development programs. In this paper, we describe an evaluation capacity building (ECB) approach designed to help community development practitioners work more effectively with assumptions through the intentional infusion of evaluative thinking (ET) into the program planning, monitoring, and evaluation process. We focus specifically on one component of our ET promotion approach involving the creation and analysis of theory of change (ToC) models. We describe our recent efforts to pilot this ET ECB approach with Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in Ethiopia and Zambia. The use of ToC models, plus the addition of ET, is a way to encourage individual and organizational learning and adaptive management that supports more reflective and responsive programming. DA - 2016/12/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.05.015 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 59 SP - 119 EP - 127 J2 - Evaluation and Program Planning SN - 0149-7189 ST - Assumptions, conjectures, and other miracles UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718916301021 Y2 - 2018/02/04/17:17:42 KW - Assumptions KW - Community development KW - Critical thinking KW - Evaluation capacity building KW - Evaluative thinking KW - International Development KW - Theory of change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Causal inferences on the effectiveness of complex social programs: Navigating assumptions, sources of complexity and evaluation design challenges AU - Chatterji, Madhabi T2 - Evaluation and Program Planning AB - This paper explores avenues for navigating evaluation design challenges posed by complex social programs (CSPs) and their environments when conducting studies that call for generalizable, causal inferences on the intervention’s effectiveness. A definition is provided of a CSP drawing on examples from different fields, and an evaluation case is analyzed in depth to derive seven (7) major sources of complexity that typify CSPs, threatening assumptions of textbook-recommended experimental designs for performing impact evaluations. Theoretically-supported, alternative methodological strategies are discussed to navigate assumptions and counter the design challenges posed by the complex configurations and ecology of CSPs. Specific recommendations include: sequential refinement of the evaluation design through systems thinking, systems-informed logic modeling; and use of extended term, mixed methods (ETMM) approaches with exploratory and confirmatory phases of the evaluation. In the proposed approach, logic models are refined through direct induction and interactions with stakeholders. To better guide assumption evaluation, question-framing, and selection of appropriate methodological strategies, a multiphase evaluation design is recommended. DA - 2016/12/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.05.009 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 59 SP - 128 EP - 140 J2 - Evaluation and Program Planning SN - 0149-7189 ST - Causal inferences on the effectiveness of complex social programs UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718916301094 Y2 - 2018/02/04/17:17:21 KW - Causal inferences KW - Complex social programs KW - Experimental designs KW - Impact evaluations KW - Mixed methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Appearance of Accountability: Communication Technologies and Power Asymmetries in Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Recovery AU - Madianou, Mirca AU - Ong, Jonathan Corpus AU - Longboan, Liezel AU - Cornelio, Jayeel S. T2 - Journal of Communication AB - New communication technologies are celebrated for their potential to improve the accountability of humanitarian agencies. The response to Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 represents the most systematic implementation of “accountability to affected people” initiatives. Drawing on a year-long ethnography of the Haiyan recovery and 139 interviews with humanitarian workers and affected people, the article reveals a narrow interpretation of accountability as feedback that is increasingly captured through mobile phones. We observe that the digitized collection of feedback is not fed back to disaster-affected communities, but is directed to donors as evidence of “impact.” Rather than improving accountability to affected people, digitized feedback mechanisms sustained humanitarianism's power asymmetries. DA - 2016/12/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1111/jcom.12258 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 960 EP - 981 J2 - J Commun LA - en SN - 1460-2466 ST - The Appearance of Accountability UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcom.12258/abstract Y2 - 2017/05/04/07:49:58 KW - Accountability KW - Audit KW - Communication for Development KW - Disasters KW - Ethnography KW - ICT4D KW - Mobile phones KW - Participatory Communication KW - SMS KW - Texting KW - humanitarianism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assumption-aware tools and agency; an interrogation of the primary artifacts of the program evaluation and design profession in working with complex evaluands and complex contexts AU - Morrow, Nathan AU - Nkwake, Apollo M. T2 - Evaluation and Program Planning AB - Like artisans in a professional guild, we evaluators create tools to suit our ever evolving practice. The tools we use as evaluators are the primary artifacts of our profession, reflect our practice and embody an amalgamation of paradigms and assumptions. With the increasing shifts in evaluation purposes from judging program worth to understanding how programs work, the evaluator’s role is changing to that of facilitating stakeholders in a learning process. This involves clarifying purposes and choices, as well as unearthing critical assumptions. In such a role, evaluators become major tool-users and begin to innovate with small refinements or produce completely new tools to fit a specific challenge or context. We interrogate the form and function of 12 tools used by evaluators when working with complex evaluands and complex contexts. The form is described in terms of traditional qualitative techniques and particular characteristics of the elements, use and presentation of each tool. Then the function of each tool is analyzed with respect to articulating assumptions and affecting the agency of evaluators and stakeholders in complex contexts. DA - 2016/12/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.05.011 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 59 SP - 141 EP - 153 J2 - Evaluation and Program Planning SN - 0149-7189 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718916301057 Y2 - 2018/02/04/17:23:29 KW - Agency KW - Assumption-aware KW - Complex context KW - Complex programs KW - Participatory approaches KW - Program design KW - Program evaluation KW - Program tools KW - Theory-based ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conclusion: Agency in the face of complexity and the future of assumption-aware evaluation practice AU - Morrow, Nathan AU - Nkwake, Apollo M. T2 - Evaluation and Program Planning AB - This final chapter in the volume pulls together common themes from the diverse set of articles by a group of eight authors in this issue, and presents some reflections on the next steps for improving the ways in which evaluators work with assumptions. Collectively, the authors provide a broad overview of existing and emerging approaches to the articulation and use of assumptions in evaluation theory and practice. The authors reiterate the rationale and key terminology as a common basis for working with assumption in program design and evaluation. They highlight some useful concepts and categorizations to promote more rigorous treatment of assumptions in evaluation. A three-tier framework for fostering agency for assumption-aware evaluation practice is proposed-agency for themselves (evaluators); agency for others (stakeholders); and agency for standards and principles. DA - 2016/12/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.05.013 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 59 SP - 154 EP - 160 J2 - Evaluation and Program Planning SN - 0149-7189 ST - Conclusion UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718916301033 Y2 - 2018/02/04/17:23:25 KW - Agency KW - Complexity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Policy messes and their management AU - Roe, Emery T2 - Policy Sciences AB - This paper presents a framework for better managing policy messes and draws implications for bad and good mess management in policy analysis and management. The framework has three foci: (1) the cognitive space in which policy messes develop, particularly in terms of gaps between macro-designers and micro-operators; (2) the unique domain of competence within that space where professionals manage the resulting messes by virtue of their skills in recognizing system-wide patterns, formulating locally specific contingency scenarios and translating both patterns and scenarios in highly reliable services; and (3) the ability of those mess and reliability professionals to be reliable in their domain and with these skills by maneuvering across different performance modes as conditions dictate—just-in-case, just-on-time, just-for-now or just-this-way. DA - 2016/12/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s11077-016-9258-9 DP - link.springer.com VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 351 EP - 372 J2 - Policy Sci LA - en SN - 0032-2687, 1573-0891 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11077-016-9258-9 Y2 - 2017/04/05/13:10:51 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Going vertical: citizen-led reform campaigns in the Philippines AU - Aceron, Joy AU - Isaac, Francis T2 - Making All Voices Count Research Report AB - The Philippines has a long history of state–society engagement to introduce reforms in government and politics. Forces from civil society and social movements have interfaced with reform-oriented leaders in government on a range of social accountability initiatives – to make governance more responsive, to introduce policy reforms, and to make government more accountable. Several theoretical propositions on which strategic approaches work best for social accountability initiatives have been put forward – including the idea of vertically integrated civil society monitoring and advocacy. This multi-authored research report uses vertical integration as a framework for examining seven successful civil society social accountability initiatives in the Philippines, looking at what made them successful, and how the gains they realised can be deepened and sustained. CY - Brighton DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS ST - Going vertical UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12718 Y2 - 2017/01/04/12:24:57 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rethinking systemic change: economic evolution and institutions AU - Cunningham, Shawn AU - Jenal, Marcus AB - Resources that contain evidence of market systems interventions. Recently updated. CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 M3 - Technical Paper PB - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/860/ Y2 - 2017/05/17/16:33:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rethinking systemic change: economic evolution and institutions. Discussion paper AU - Cunningham, Shawn AU - Jenal, Marcus AB - The primary aim of this research project was to find a conceptually sound definition of systemic change. To do so, it was essential to gain a better understanding of how economies change. The central part of the research work, therefore, was an extended literature review on three bodies of knowledge: evolutionary economics new institutional economics complexity theory There is a growing interest in these bodies of knowledge, combined often called New Economic Thinking, and how they affect economic development. Hence, while rethinking systemic change, this work also contributes to answering the broader question of how market systems approaches can contribute to inclusive economic development. The answer, in short, is to shift the focus away from improving transactions at the micro level towards enabling actors to continuously shape an institutional landscape that supports inclusive economic evolution. This discussion paper briefly presents the key messages from the literature review and seven principles drawing from this literature. The principles can be used by market development practitioners, including technical advisers in donor organisations, programme designers and team leaders, to shape programmes and become more in line with how change happens in the economy. A list of selected references is presented at the end. A technical paper contains a much more detailed discussion of the findings and the principles and an extensive list of references. A case study offers a practitioner perspective through the lens of one market systems development programme: DFID-funded Northern Uganda: Transforming the Economy through Climate Smart Agribusiness – Market Development (NUTEC-MD). DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 PB - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/ac/39/ac395b26-2a17-4195-a485-412cff275929/systemic_change_discussion_paper.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/01/11:18:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rethinking systemic change: economic evolution and institutions. Technical Paper AU - Cunningham, Shawn AU - Jenal, Marcus AB - The primary aim of this research project was to find a conceptually sound definition of systemic change. To do so, it was essential to gain a better understanding of how economies change. The central part of the research work, therefore, was an extended literature review on three bodies of knowledge: evolutionary economics, new institutional economics and complexity theory. There is a growing interest in these bodies of knowledge, combined often called New Economic Thinking, and how they affect economic development. Hence, while rethinking systemic change, this work also contributes to answering the broader question of how market systems approaches can contribute to inclusive economic development. The answer, in short, is to shift the focus away from improving transactions at the micro level towards enabling actors to continuously shape an institutional landscape that supports inclusive economic evolution. This technical paper provides an in-depth review of the fields of evolutionary economics, new institutional economics and complexity and social change. It is argued that economic development is a complex, non-linear and continuous evolutionary process. Both market and non-market institutions matter greatly in shaping economic performance. The paper then explores the consequences of this understanding for market development practice. It discusses how market development practitioners can engage in and shape an intentional change processes. To translate the theory into practice, seven principles are suggested that can be applied to market systems development practice. The paper concludes with a reframed look at systemic change in market systems development. A discussion paper presents the key messages from the literature review and seven principles drawing from this literature, and a case study offers a practitioner perspective through the lens of one market systems development programme: DFID-funded Northern Uganda: Transforming the Economy through Climate Smart Agribusiness – Market Development (NUTEC-MD). DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 PB - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/ac/39/ac395b26-2a17-4195-a485-412cff275929/systemic_change_discussion_paper.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/01/11:18:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Scaling accountability through vertically integrated civil society policy monitoring and advocacy AU - Fox, Jonathan T2 - MAVC Working Paper AB - This working paper argues that the growing field of transparency, participation and accountability (TPA) needs a conceptual reboot, to address the limited traction gained so far on the path to accountability. To inform more strategic approaches and to identify the drivers of more sustainable institutional change, fresh analytical work is needed. This paper makes the case for one among several possible strategic approaches by distinguishing between “scaling up” and “taking scale into account”. This proposition grounds an explanation of the vertical integration strategy, which involves multi-level coordination by civil society organisations of policy monitoring and advocacy, grounded in broad pro-accountability constituencies. To spell out how this strategy can empower pro-accountability actors, the paper contrasts varied terms of engagement between state and society, proposing a focus on collaborative coalitions as an alternative to the conventional dichotomy between confrontation and constructive engagement. The paper grounds this discussion by reviewing the rich empirical terrain of existing multi-level approaches, summarizing nine cases – three each in three countries – to demonstrate what can be revealed when TPA initiatives are seen through the lens of scale. It concludes with a set of broad analytical questions for discussion, followed by testable hypotheses proposed to inform future research agendas CY - Brighton DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12683 Y2 - 2017/02/17/18:26:08 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Taking scale into account in transparency and accountability initiatives AU - Fox, Jonathan T2 - MAVC Research Summary AB - We know that gaining access to information and raising citizen voices are not the same as achieving accountability. It is important to look beyond the symptoms of accountability failure, and consider how to tackle the causes. This short research summary discusses different understandings of scale, one important aspect of making transparency and accountability initiatives more strategic. Scale shapes both the causes of accountability failure and the tactics and strategies needed to address it. CY - Brighton DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12684 Y2 - 2017/01/04/12:21:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Exploring the potential for interactive radio to improve accountability and responsiveness to small-scale farmers in Tanzania AU - Gilberds, Heather AU - Handforth, Calum AU - Leclair, Mark AB - What are the possibilities of using new digital technologies alongside radio to help ensure that agricultural development projects are farmer-centred, and meet the needs of the rural citizens they intend to serve? This research assesses Farm Radio International’s Listening Post – a model that combines radio and digital technologies with the aim of collecting and aggregating farmer feedback to aid decision-making and adaptive project implementation. The research shows that linking a mobile-based crowd-sourcing tool with radio is effective at ensuring engagement from a large number of farmers, who felt it was a useful way of raising their questions and concerns to NGOs, policy-makers and experts. The model has clear potential to strengthen the chain of relationships between citizens, extension services suppliers, projects and policymakers. It has also demonstrated its potential to collect real-time feedback from farmers that could be used to aid decision-making and improve accountability in agricultural development initiatives, helping to ensure they are more responsive to farmers. However, it also concludes that ‘closing the feedback loop’ – ensuring that farmer’s comments, questions and concerns are responded to – is a challenge for the Listening Post. Sometimes, the interactive radio programmes close the loop by disseminating answers to questions or concerns raised by farmers, or by connecting farmers to extension services – but only when a solid and systematic process had been developed for this to happen. Therefore is critical to identify and incentivise actors who are capable of responding during the design phase of a Listening Post, and to ensure that they are involved in every stage of the process. It also important that project partners who are interested in beneficiary feedback identify the flexible or actionable points in their project frameworks from the outset, rather than collecting data that they are not able to use to adapt their programmes CY - Brighton DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12770 Y2 - 2017/02/16/12:40:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rethinking systemic change in practice - perspectives from NUTEC-MD in northern Uganda AU - Koleros, Andrew AB - Document description This document is currently being finalised and will be published shortly. Please try again soon. Recent research by The BEAM Exchange seeks to understand theoretical perspectives on how market systems approaches can contribute to inclusive economic development through systemic change. It produced three main insights. Economies are evolving systems, building on the mechanisms of variety creation, selection and amplification. Current economic performance, including aspects like the inclusiveness of growth and economic evolution, are shaped by the ability of a society to explore different options for institutional arrangements and adjust them over time. This process of evolution is complex. While some aspects can be designed and managed, others need to be explored through a process of learning and adjustment. This paper responds to these insights by providing a practitioner perspective through the lens of one programme: “Northern Uganda: Transforming the Economy through Climate Smart Agribusiness – Market Development (NUTEC-MD)”, implemented by Palladium Group. It begins with a brief introduction to the programme and key aspects of its design phase. It then provides a summary of the three main research insights, with reflections on their applicability for programme design based on the NUTEC-MD experience. Finally, it provides some conclusions for the wider practitioner community based on this case. CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 M3 - Case Study PB - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/860/ Y2 - 2017/05/17/16:33:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Development Differently: Who we are, What we’re doing, What we’re learning AU - ODI A2 - Wild, Leni A2 - Andrews, Matt A2 - Pett, Jamie A2 - Dempster, Helen AB - In November 2014, the doing development differently community got together in Harvard to discuss what successful development interventions look like. Two years on, our community is broader than aid. It's broader than donors. It's about all organisations delivering change, producing real solutions to real problems that have real impact. It's about building trust, empowering people and promoting sustainability. Over the past two years, the community has been putting these ideas into practice across the world – being honest about what we are learning, including where we are not getting things right. This document aims to be an entry point for anyone interested in doing development differently. It explores the things that could be stopping you including: You are constrained by a disabling environment. You have strict reporting requirements. People aren't sold on the idea. It's easier to do things the way you've always done it. It's difficult to do in practice. If you are facing one, several, or all of these constraints, this document gives you a place to start. Using 43 case studies from practitoners within donors, governments, implementing organisations and NGOs across the globe, we aim to draw out some key lessons learnt, and give some advice for people considering this approach. These case studies are split across five categories: Swimming against the tide. Working in and with government. Feedback loops and data. Organisational change. Diffusion. Finally, if you want to know more, the document concludes with a suggested list of blogs and reports which explain these concepts in more detail. CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10662-doing-development-differently-who-we-are-what-were-doing-and-what-were-learning Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Crowdsourcing citizen feedback on district development in Ghana using interactive voice response surveys AU - Pegus, Ciana-Marie T2 - Making All Voices Count Practice Paper CY - Brighton DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/12716/VOTOMobile_PracticePaper_Online.pdf KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Science in Adaptive Management AU - Ripley, Matt AU - Jaccard, Sabine AB - ‘Adaptive management’ is all the rage in international development circles. But to avoid yet another buzzword – we need to learn from the experience of natural resource science. DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 PB - ILO UR - http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/---ifp_seed/documents/briefingnote/wcms_537422.pdf Y2 - 2016/12/13/16:34:45 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Nigeria Public Sector Accountability and Governance Programme - Business Case AU - SAVI AB - In May 2016, SAVI transitioned into a successor programme – the ‘Engaged Citizens Pillar’ (ECP) of a wider DFID-funded governance reform programme ‘The Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn’ (PERL). ECP is managed by the same service provider, Palladium, and the same core management team as SAVI, and many of the SAVI front line staff... CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 15 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-15/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:05:38 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 11: Managing and Staffing an Adaptive Citizen Engagement Programme AU - SAVI AB - SAVI, a DFID funded programme implemented by Palladium, is an adaptive programme putting learning and adaptation at the centre of all decision-making. In relation to management and staffing SAVI has established the following approaches to facilitate this: – An adaptive approach to programme management: Full time strategic technical leadership, that works closely with and complements... CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 11 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-11-managing-staffing-adaptive-citizen-engagement-programme/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:24 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 12: Managing Programme Finances to Support Adaptive, Locally-led Processes of Citizen Engagement in Governance AU - SAVI AB - SAVI, is seeking to support processes of citizen engagement in governance in ways that are effective in influencing reform, and that are able to take on a life of their own without continuing donor support. SAVI is also an adaptive programme, putting learning and adaptation at the centre of all decision-making. Money is used and... CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 12 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-12-managing-programme-finances-support-adaptive-locally-led-processes-citizen-engagement-governance/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:25 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 13: Measuring Value for Money and using Value for Money Analysis AU - SAVI AB - SAVI has established its own framework for assessing Value for Money in annual performance – in relation to expenditure, economy, efficiency, effectiveness and equity. Routine tracking and analysis of expenditure and economy ensure that inputs are supplied and services delivered to partners in line with SAVI’s core values, whilst also meeting DFID requirements and competing... CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 13 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-13-measuring-value-money-using-value-money-analysis/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:27 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 14: Learning, Adaptation and Communications AU - SAVI AB - SAVI, a DFID funded programme implemented by Palladium, is an adaptive programme, aiming to put learning and adaptation at the centre of all decision-making. Learning and adaptation takes place in SAVI at three levels: the work of partners; the work of SAVI delivery teams; and the enabling environment of the programme as a whole. Achieving... CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 14 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-14-learning-adaptation-communications/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:29 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 15: Introduction to PERL: the SAVI Successor Programme AU - SAVI AB - In May 2016, SAVI transitioned into a successor programme – the ‘Engaged Citizens Pillar’ (ECP) of a wider DFID-funded governance reform programme ‘The Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn’ (PERL). ECP is managed by the same service provider, Palladium, and the same core management team as SAVI, and many of the SAVI front line staff... CY - London DA - 2016/12// PY - 2016 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 15 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-15/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:05:38 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Forget the money: De-linking technical assistance AU - Manuel, Clare T2 - Synthesis Paper, 4 DA - 2016/11/30/ PY - 2016 DP - Google Scholar PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://dfidlaser.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Fourth-synthesis-paper.pdf Y2 - 2017/09/13/09:27:23 ER - TY - BLOG TI - From analysis to action: operationalising learning and adaptation in Savings at the Frontier AU - Salehi, Yusef DA - 2016/11/23/ PY - 2016 UR - http://www.opml.co.uk/projects/savings-frontier KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Global Learning for Adaptive Management (GLAM) AU - DFID AB - To improve the value for money and impact of development interventions by promoting the use of better monitoring, evaluation and learning strategies that support development programmes to gather and respond to emergent evidence on the effects of interventions, as well as changes in the development context. The Global Learning for Adpative Management programme will make available technical assistance to DFID, USAID and partners to develop this ‘adaptive management’ approach, as well as build an evidence base to understand links between the use of adaptive management and more effective, efficient, relevant and sustainable development interventions. DA - 2016/11/22/ PY - 2016 PB - DFID Development Tracker UR - https://devtracker.dfid.gov.uk/projects/GB-1-205148 Y2 - 2017/07/12/11:41:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Shoulder to Shoulder AU - Hymowitz, Dan T2 - Art of Delivery series DA - 2016/11/22/ PY - 2016 PB - Tony Blair Africa Governance Initiative UR - https://institute.global/insight/governance/shoulder-shoulder Y2 - 2017/02/06/11:09:42 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Overcoming Premature Evaluation AU - Roche, Chris AB - Guest post from Chris Roche on practical ways of introducing adaptive management, learning from failure etc in aid programmes DA - 2016/11/15/ PY - 2016 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/overcoming-premature-evaluation/ Y2 - 2016/11/15/22:29:27 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Scaling Assessment Map: An Evolving Tool Supporting Innovation Scale Up AU - McClure, Dan AU - Gray, Ian T2 - ThoughtWorks AB - Nearly three years ago we wrote about the “Missing Middle” in the innovation lifecycle[i], a gap that kept successful pilot programs from reaching the goal of replication and optimization in multiple contexts. Since then, scaling humanitarian innovation has received a great deal of attention from the sector, with a number of new initiatives specifically focused on the scaling challenge. DA - 2016/11/14/T01:26:19-0600 PY - 2016 ST - Scaling Assessment Map UR - https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/scaling-assessment-map-evolving-tool-supporting-innovation-scale Y2 - 2017/02/15/19:40:13 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Positive Deviance Initiative DA - 2016/11/07/ PY - 2016 UR - http://www.positivedeviance.org Y2 - 2017/11/04/09:56:41 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Why Diverse Teams Are Smarter AU - Rock, David AU - Halvorson, Heidi Grant T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - Research shows they’re more successful in three important ways. DA - 2016/11/04/T13:00:24Z PY - 2016 UR - https://hbr.org/2016/11/why-diverse-teams-are-smarter Y2 - 2016/11/15/15:28:58 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Why the Problem with Learning Is Unlearning AU - Bonchek, Mark T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - Don’t get stuck in your current ways of thinking. DA - 2016/11/03/T16:00:47Z PY - 2016 UR - https://hbr.org/2016/11/why-the-problem-with-learning-is-unlearning Y2 - 2016/11/08/10:38:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ten Frontier Technologies for International Development AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Hernandez, Kevin AU - Prieto Martin, Pedro AU - Faith, Becky AB - As new technologies and digital business models reshape economies and disrupt incumbencies, interest has surged in the potential of novel frontier technologies to also contribute to positive changes in international development and humanitarian contexts. Widespread adoption of new technologies is acknowledged as centrally important to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. But while frontier technologies can rapidly address large-scale economic, social or political challenges, they can also involve the displacement of existing technologies and carry considerable uncertainty and risk. Although there have been significant wins bringing the benefits of new technologies to poor consumers through examples such as mobile money or off-grid solar energy, there are many other areas where the applications may not yet have been developed into viable market solutions, or where opportunities have not yet been taken up in development practice. CY - Brighton DA - 2016/11/01/ PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12637 Y2 - 2016/11/07/11:24:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - LEARN Monitoring, Evaluation, Research, and Learning Plan AU - Learning Lab AB - LEARN and USAID/PPL are managing an area of work known as Evidence Base for Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting (EB4CLA). The purpose of this work is to answer key learning questions: CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/public_learn_merl_plan_update_20160922.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/23/13:29:30 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Designing for Public Services AU - Nesta CY - London DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016 PB - Nesta/IDEO UR - http://www.designforeurope.eu/news-opinion/designing-public-services-practical-guide-nesta-ideo Y2 - 2018/10/03/09:17:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guidelines and good practices for evidence-informed policy-making in a government department AU - Wills, Alf AU - Tshangela, Mapula AU - Shaxson, Louise AU - Datta, Ajoy AU - Matomela, Bongani DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 19 LA - en UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11011.pdf Y2 - 2019/07/03/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - How Change Happens AU - Green, Duncan AB - Human society is full of would-be 'change agents', a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book bridges the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world's largest social justice NGOs, as well as the author's insights from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas on How Change Happens and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is available as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. CY - New York DA - 2016/10/27/ PY - 2016 DP - Amazon SP - 288 LA - English PB - OUP Oxford SN - 978-0-19-878539-2 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What is adaptive management? AU - Wilson, Gregory T2 - ΔNTYLLES AB - Recently there has been growing recognition that most development challenges are in actual fact ‘wicked’ problem that requires development actors to recognize that the optimal management approaches… DA - 2016/10/17/T16:15:57+00:00 PY - 2016 UR - https://antylles.com/2016/10/17/adaptive-management/ Y2 - 2016/11/07/08:55:51 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Should the Principles of Digital Development be Agile? AU - ICTworks T2 - ICT Works AB - Recently, Abt Associates endorsed the “Principles of Digital Development.” These nine principles have been widely adopted by international development funders and practitioners to absorb and disseminate technology best practices in the field of international development. More than 50 organizations ranging from various offices in the United Nations and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) down to niche technology providers have endorsed the principles. The principles are aimed at moving the field away from a disconnected series of technology pilots, each of which are largely ad hoc and duplicate many of the same lessons, and toward scalability and sustainability. Ann Mei Chang, the Executive Director of the U.S. Global Development Lab at USAID in her foreword to the recent report “From Principle to Practice: Implementing the Principles for Digital Development”, characterized the problem that these principles are trying to address as follows: “Pilots have failed to move DA - 2016/10/13/T00:24:36Z PY - 2016 UR - http://www.ictworks.org/2016/10/13/should-the-principles-of-digital-development-be-agile/ Y2 - 2016/12/07/11:11:02 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Top-down vs. Bottom-up Hierarchy: Or, How to Design a Self-Managed Organization AU - Sisney, Lex T2 - Organizational Physics - Systems thinking for breakthrough business performance AB - Top-down vs. Bottom-up Hierarchy: Or, How to Design a Self-Managed Organization DA - 2016/10/13/ PY - 2016 ST - Top-down vs. Bottom-up Hierarchy UR - http://organizationalphysics.com/2016/10/13/top-down-vs-bottom-up-hierarchy-or-how-to-build-a-self-managed-organization/ Y2 - 2017/07/03/17:17:57 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Moving from Real-Time Data to Real-Time Programs AU - Lee, Panthea T2 - Reboot AB - How can we avoid drowning in data to actually make better decisions? DA - 2016/10/12/T16:45:05+00:00 PY - 2016 ST - #LongReads UR - https://reboot.org/2016/10/12/longreads-moving-real-time-data-real-time-programs/ Y2 - 2017/02/23/03:55:18 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Agile vs Lean vs Design Thinking AU - Gothelf, Jeff T2 - Medium AB - There’s an unforgettable scene in my favorite movie, Goodfellas, where Joe Pesci, Robert DeNiro and Ray Liotta pay a late night visit to… DA - 2016/10/11/T15:17:56.844Z PY - 2016 UR - https://medium.com/@jboogie/agile-vs-lean-vs-design-thinking-2329df8ab53c#.8kcsajoul Y2 - 2016/11/14/12:14:23 ER - TY - BLOG TI - PDIA Notes 2: Learning to Learn AU - Samji, Salimah T2 - Building State Capability AB - written by Peter Harrington After over two years of working with the government of Albania, and as we embark on a new project to work with the government of Sri Lanka, we at the Building State Capa… DA - 2016/10/05/T21:25:39+00:00 PY - 2016 ST - PDIA Notes 2 UR - https://buildingstatecapability.com/2016/10/05/pdia-notes-2-learning-to-learn/ Y2 - 2016/10/07/08:10:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Nairobi Outcome Document DA - 2016/10/03/ PY - 2016 UR - http://effectivecooperation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/GPEDC.NBO-OC-doc-rewritten-draft-3-october-2016.pdf Y2 - 2016/11/15/15:24:20 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Design Thinking is not enough – Innovate DFID AU - DFID, Innovate T2 - Medium AB - By Tamara Giltsoff DA - 2016/10/03/T17:55:37.448Z PY - 2016 UR - https://medium.com/@InnovateDFID/design-thinking-is-not-enough-526c4c56182 Y2 - 2016/11/14/17:42:45 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Where next for development effectiveness? Building a renewed consensus AU - Blampied, Catherine T2 - 2016 CAPE Conference CY - London DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - ODI SN - Conference note 1 UR - https://www.odi.org/events/4395-development-effectiveness-sdgs-sustainable-development-goals Y2 - 2016/11/15/15:08:24 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Contracts for adaptive programming AU - Bryan, Kevin AU - Carter, Paddy AB - Adaptive programming is an approach to development that encourages experimentation, learning & adaptation. This report examines the contractual underpinnings of this approach. CY - London DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10575-contracts-adaptive-programming Y2 - 2016/10/18/12:07:07 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Where next for development effectiveness? Implementing development effectiveness: a reality check AU - Carter, Paddy T2 - 2016 CAPE Conference CY - London DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - ODI SN - Conference note 5 UR - https://www.odi.org/events/4395-development-effectiveness-sdgs-sustainable-development-goals Y2 - 2016/11/15/15:08:24 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and Working politically to support developmental leadership and coalitions: The Pacific Leadership Program AU - Denney, Lisa AU - McLaren, Rebecca T2 - Research Paper CY - Birmingham DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - DLP Program SN - 41 UR - http://publications.dlprog.org/Denney_McLaren.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/24/08:45:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID Smart Rules: Better Programme Delivery - version VI (2016.10) AU - DFID AB - Smart Rules provide the operating framework for the Department for International Development’s (DFID’s) programmes. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - DFID ST - DFID Smart Rules UR - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dfid-smart-rules-better-programme-delivery Y2 - 2016/09/07/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting (CLA). Framework and Maturity Matrix Overview AU - Learning Lab CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/collaborating,-learning,-and-adapting-cla-framework-and-maturity-matrix-overview Y2 - 2017/08/14/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grow - Scale - Impact: How to help inclusive business achieve scale AU - Pérez Castro, Andrea A. AU - Tora, Krisztina CY - Bonn DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 PB - GIZ UR - http://www.gsen.global/scaling-handbook Y2 - 2016/10/10/11:25:27 ER - TY - GEN TI - CLA Maturity Tool: Example Spectrum Cards AU - USAID DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/subcomponent_card_examples_11x17_20171212.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Collaborating, Learning and Adapting (CLA) - Maturity Matrix Overview AU - USAID T2 - ADS 201 Additional Help AB - Collaborating, Learning and Adapting (CLA) involves strategic collaboration, continuous learning, and adaptive management. CLA approaches to development include collaborating intentionally with stakeholders to share knowledge and reduce duplication of effort, learning systematically by drawing on evidence from a variety of sources and taking time to reflect on implementation, and applying learning by adapting intentionally. The purpose of the maturity matrix tool is to help USAID Missions think more deliberately about how to plan for and implement CLA approaches that fit the Mission’s context and needs. Through a set of easy-to-use cards, the CLA maturity matrix offers examples of what CLA looks like at different stages of maturity. USAID staff can use the decks of cards to both assess current practice and plan for the future. The maturity matrix consists of two decks of cards corresponding to the dimensions of CLA: ● CLA in the Program Cycle: By using the matrix cards to guide a conversation, teams can explore how well CLA is incorporated into the planning and implementation processes of the Program Cycle. ● Enabling Conditions: The cards encourage discussion of the conditions that can significantly influence how CLA and the Program Cycle are implemented at a Mission, including operating processes, organizational culture, and resourcing. Within these decks, the matrix covers 16 subcomponents of CLA. Each has one key concept card and five matrix cards that describe the component in practice, along a spectrum ranging from Not Yet Present to Institutionalized. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 SP - 3 PB - Policy, Planning and Learning UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/cla_maturity_tool_overview_ll.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The 5 Rs Framework in the program cycle AU - USAID T2 - Program Cycle AB - USAID’s Program Cycle Operational Policy (ADS 201) provides guidance to missions and other operating units on how to implement the Program Cycle. A key principle of the Program Cycle is to “Promote Sustainability through Local Ownership.” The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the “5Rs Framework”, a practical methodology for supporting sustainability and local ownership in projects and activities through ongoing attention to local actors and local systems. This Note is rooted in USAID’s 2014 Local Systems Framework paper, which establishes that achieving sustained improvement in development results depends on the contributions of multiple and interconnected local actors. That document also states that USAID needs to improve its systems practice if it is to engage local actors and strengthen local systems more effectively and thus realize sustained results more consistently. The 5Rs Framework, also introduced in the Local Systems Framework, is intended as a simple and practical tool to promote good systems practice. The 5Rs Framework highlights five key dimensions of systems: Results, Roles, Relationships, Rules and Resources. Collectively these 5Rs can serve as a lens for assessing local systems and a guide for identifying and monitoring interventions designed to strengthen them. This Technical Note is divided in two parts. The first part provides an introduction to the 5Rs Framework and the systems practice from which it emerges. The second part demonstrates how systems practice can be embedded in the Program Cycle by continuously applying the 5Rs, especially to the design, implementation, and monitoring of USAID projects and their accompanying activities. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 SP - 20 M3 - Technical Note SN - Version 2.1 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/5rs_techncial_note_ver_2_1_final.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Building justice and peace from below? Supporting community dispute resolution in Asia AU - Valters, Craig T2 - Working Politically in Practice Series: Case Study DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 SP - 46 PB - ODI SN - 9 UR - https://asiafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Building-Justice-and-Peace-from-Below.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Announcement of CLA Learning Network Launch AU - Lab, Learning T2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - USAID’s Bureau for Policy, Planning and Learning (PPL), together with the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and Environment’s localworks program, is pleased to announce the launch of a Learning Network focused on building the evidence base for Collaborating, Learning and Adapting (CLA). DA - 2016/09/29/T16:50:27-04:00 PY - 2016 LA - und UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/announcement-cla-learning-network-launch Y2 - 2016/10/07/08:10:31 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptive Programming: The “Space of Possibility” AU - Seavey, Sara Mizuta T2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - Sara Mizuta Seavey, M.A., is a Senior Program Officer at FHI360 for the Mobile Solutions Technical Assistance and Research (mSTAR) project, where she works with USAID’s Digital Development Team to conceive, design, and test how real-time data systems can enable a more adaptive and participatory approach to development. She is passionate about systems thinking and participatory approaches to international development. What does space travel have to do with international development? DA - 2016/09/28/T00:00:00-04:00 PY - 2016 LA - und ST - Adaptive Programming UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/adaptive-programming-%E2%80%9Cspace-possibility%E2%80%9D Y2 - 2016/10/07/08:10:08 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Governance and Service Delivery: Practical Applications of Social Accountability Across Sectors A3 - Wetterberg, Anna A3 - Brinkerhoff, Derick W. A3 - Hertz, Jana C. AB - The six case studies in Governance and Service Delivery: Practical Applications of Social Accountability Across Sectors illustrate the multiple ways citizen participation in accountability – called social accountability – can lead to positive effects on governance, citizen empowerment, and service delivery. Drawing on their extensive experience implementing international donor-funded programs and projects, the authors examine six recent RTI International projects in Africa and Asia. The analysis focuses on both intended and actual effects, and it unpacks the influence of context on implementation and outcomes achieved, as well as on prospects for sustainability. Donors, academics, policy makers, practitioners and others interested in sustainable development and governance will find this systematic review invaluable. CY - Research Triangle Park, NC DA - 2016/09/23/ PY - 2016 DP - Amazon SP - 196 LA - English PB - RTI Press SN - 978-1-934831-18-2 ST - Governance and Service Delivery ER - TY - RPRT TI - Forward Look - A vision for the World Bank Group in 2030 AU - World Bank CY - Washington D.C. DA - 2016/09/20/ PY - 2016 PB - World Bank UR - http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/23732171/DC2016-0008.pdf Y2 - 2017/10/10/07:33:43 ER - TY - NEWS TI - The fascinating world of unconscious bias and development policy AU - d’Almeida, André Corrêa AU - Grossi, Amanda Sue T2 - The Guardian AB - In the last few years scientists have exposed thinking patterns that may skew our decision-making. How can we counter these biases in humanitarian work? DA - 2016/09/13/ PY - 2016 DP - The Guardian LA - en-GB SE - Global Development Professionals Network SN - 0261-3077 UR - https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/sep/13/the-fascinating-world-of-unconscious-bias-and-development-policy?CMP=new_1194&CMP= Y2 - 2016/10/09/17:58:28 KW - Academic experts KW - Higher Education Network KW - Neuroscience KW - Psychology KW - education KW - higher education ER - TY - ELEC TI - edX MOOC: Adaptive Leadership in Development AU - edX T2 - edX AB - Gain the skills to be an adaptive leader in development and learn how to uncover local solutions to complex problems in developing countries. DA - 2016/09/13/T19:02:35-04:00 PY - 2016 UR - https://www.edx.org/course/adaptive-leadership-development-uqx-lgdm3x Y2 - 2017/06/07/08:48:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moving ICTD research beyond bungee jumping: practical case studies and recommendations AU - Dearden, Andy AU - Tucker, William T2 - IEEE Technology and Society Magazine AB - The global spread of Internet and mobile communications has been accompanied by a growing interest in how information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute to social and economic development. There are a considerable number of such examples in developing countries. For example, M-Pesa in Kenya allows workers in the cities to send money back to families living in the countryside using SMS messages on basic mobile phones. In Ghana, the Motech project allows community health workers to use feature phones and network services to track ante-natal (and post-natal) care with the objective of improving outcomes for both mothers and babies. Other examples include Gram Vaani's (GRINS) open-source software for community radio stations, or Ushahidi's initiatives, which began with tracking post-electoral violence in Kenya in 2008 using mobile phones and Google maps. These examples illustrate different ways of leveraging ICT to improve lives and livelihoods worldwide. Such stories are inspiring many young (and not so young) researchers and innovators alike to explore how technology might support social and economic development and inclusion in global knowledge exchange DA - 2016/09/09/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1109/MTS.2016.2593267 DP - shura.shu.ac.uk VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 36 EP - 43 LA - en SN - 0278-0097 ST - Moving ICTD research beyond bungee jumping UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7563950/ Y2 - 2017/09/06/09:13:12 ER - TY - BOOK TI - How China Escaped the Poverty Trap AU - Ang, Yuen Yuen AB - Before markets opened in 1978, China was an impoverished planned economy governed by a Maoist bureaucracy. In just three decades it evolved into the world's second-largest economy and is today guided by highly entrepreneurial bureaucrats. In How China Escaped the Poverty Trap, Yuen Yuen Ang explains this astonishing metamorphosis. Rather than insist that either strong institutions of good governance foster markets or that growth enables good governance, Ang lays out a new, dynamic framework for understanding development broadly. Successful development, she contends, is a coevolutionary process in which markets and governments mutually adapt.By mapping this coevolution, Ang reveals a startling conclusion: poor and weak countries can escape the poverty trap by first harnessing weak institutions―features that defy norms of good governance―to build markets. Further, she stresses that adaptive processes, though essential for development, do not automatically occur. Highlighting three universal roadblocks to adaptation, Ang identifies how Chinese reformers crafted enabling conditions for effective improvisation.How China Escaped the Poverty Trap offers the most complete synthesis to date of the numerous interacting forces that have shaped China’s dramatic makeover and the problems it faces today. Looking beyond China, Ang also traces the coevolutionary sequence of development in late medieval Europe, antebellum United States, and contemporary Nigeria, and finds surprising parallels among these otherwise disparate cases. Indispensable to all who care about development, this groundbreaking book challenges the convention of linear thinking and points to an alternative path out of poverty traps. CY - London DA - 2016/09/06/ PY - 2016 DP - Amazon SP - 344 LA - English PB - Cornell University Press SN - 978-1-5017-0020-0 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Cognitive bias cheat sheet. An organized list of cognitive biases because thinking is hard AU - Benson, Buster T2 - Better Humans DA - 2016/09/01/ PY - 2016 UR - https://betterhumans.pub/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18 Y2 - 2023/08/07/08:29:49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Micropolitics in collective learning spaces for adaptive decision making AU - Tschakert, Petra AU - Das, Partha Jyoti AU - Shrestha Pradhan, Neera AU - Machado, Mario AU - Lamadrid, Armando AU - Buragohain, Mandira AU - Hazarika, Masfique Alam T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Recent advances on power, politics, and pathways in climate change adaptation aim to re-frame decision-making processes from development-as-usual to openings for transformational adaptation. This paper offers empirical insights regarding decision-making politics in the context of collective learning through participatory scenario building and flexible flood management and planning in the Eastern Brahmaputra Basin of Assam, India. By foregrounding intergroup and intragroup power dynamics in such collective learning spaces and how they intersect with existing micropolitics of adaptation on the ground, we examine opportunities for and limitations to challenging entrenched authority and subjectivities. Our results suggest that emancipatory agency can indeed emerge but is likely to be fluid and multifaceted. Community actors who are best positioned to resist higher-level domination may well be imbricated in oppression at home. While participatory co-learning as embraced here might open some spaces for transformation, others close down or remain shut. DA - 2016/09/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.07.004 VL - 40 SP - 182 EP - 194 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378016301170 KW - Co-learning KW - Flood management KW - Participatory scenarios KW - Politics of adaptation KW - Power ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Development Differently at the World Bank: updating the plumbing to fit the architecture AU - Bain, Katherine A. AU - Booth, David AU - Wild, Leni DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10555-doing-development-differently-world-bank-updating-plumbing-fit-architecture Y2 - 2016/03/24/17:16:42 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing ICT Services in a Low-Resource Development Context AU - Bon, Anna AU - Akkermans, Hans AU - Gordijn, Jaap T2 - Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 VL - 9 SP - 84 EP - 109 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308174287_Developing_ICT_Services_in_a_Low-Resource_Development_Context Y2 - 2016/09/18/21:14:18 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - The political economy of pre-trial detention: Indonesia case study AU - Domingo, Pilar AU - Sudaryono, Leopold DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 M3 - Report PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10911.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engaging Farmers in Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Assessing Intercropping as a Means to Support Farm Adaptive Capacity AU - Himanen, Sari J. AU - Mäkinen, Hanna AU - Rimhanen, Karoliina AU - Savikko, Riitta T2 - Agriculture AB - Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable and adaptation-prone sources of livelihood facing climate change. Joint adaptation planning by farmers and researchers can help develop practically feasible and environmentally and economically sound adaptation actions as well as encourage the proactive building of farm adaptive capacity. Here, the perceptions of Finnish farmers and rural stakeholders regarding intercropping, the cultivation of two or more crop genotypes together in time and space, as a means to prepare for climate change, were collected in an open workshop. Our aim was to identify the potentials and challenges associated with intercropping, its role as an adaptation strategy, and in farm adaptive capacity. Qualitative analysis revealed better yield security, increased nutrient and protein self-sufficiency, soil conservation and maintenance, reduced pathogen pressure and regulation of water dynamics as the main perceived potentials of intercropping. Potentials relating to the farm economy and environment were also recognized. The main challenges associated with intercropping were related to the lack of information on crop variety performance and optimal yielding in mixtures, industry and policy requirements for seed purity, more complicated crop management and harvesting, and the economic risks associated with experimenting with novel mixtures. Nitrogen-fixing legumes; deep-rooted species, such as lucerne (Medicago sativa L.); special crops, such as herbs in forage mixtures; and autumn-sown winter oilseeds and cereals were highlighted as the most promising intercrops. Because the recognized potentials relate to the safeguarding of field cropping from anticipated climate change and the associated weather variability, we conclude that intercropping can serve as one adaptation strategy to strengthen the adaptive capacity of Finnish farms. However, assuring markets and policies that allow the development of intercropping, performing experiments to assess the benefits and implement options in practice, and providing farmers and farm advisors with more knowledge on the method represent the critical prerequisites for the broader adoption of intercropping. DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DO - 10.3390/agriculture6030034 DP - www.mdpi.com VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 34 LA - en ST - Engaging Farmers in Climate Change Adaptation Planning UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/6/3/34 Y2 - 2019/05/02/17:58:12 KW - Adaptation planning KW - Adaptive capacity KW - Climate change KW - ecological intensification KW - intercropping KW - yield security ER - TY - RPRT TI - Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting. Framework & Key Concepts AU - Learning Lab CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/keyconcepts_twopager_8.5x11_v7_20160907.pdf Y2 - 2017/02/09/11:49:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive management: What it means for CSOs AU - O’Donnell, Michael CY - London DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 PB - Bond UR - https://www.bond.org.uk/resources/adaptive-management-what-it-means-for-csos Y2 - 2016/09/19/14:53:14 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning approaches in an adaptive management context AU - Tsui, Josephine T2 - Helpdesk Request DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 SP - 15 PB - EPS PEAKS, ODI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Building Democracy from Below: Lessons from Western Uganda AU - King, Sophie AU - Hickey, Sam T2 - The Journal of Development Studies AB - How to achieve democratisation in the neo-patrimonial and agrarian environments that predominate in sub-Saharan Africa continues to present a challenge for both development theory and practice. Drawing on intensive fieldwork in Western Uganda, this paper argues that Charles Tilly’s ‘democratisation as process’ provides us with the framework required to explain the ways in which particular kinds of association can advance democratisation from below. Moving beyond the current focus on how elite-bargaining and certain associational forms may contribute to liberal forms of democracy, this approach helps identify the intermediate mechanisms involved in building democracy from below, including the significance of challenging categorical inequalities, notably through the role of producer groups, and of building trust networks, cross-class alliances and synergistic relations between civil and political society. The evidence and mode of analysis deployed here help suggest alternative routes for supporting local efforts to build democracy from below in sub-Saharan Africa. DA - 2016/08/31/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1080/00220388.2016.1214719 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 0 IS - 0 SP - 1 EP - 16 SN - 0022-0388 ST - Building Democracy from Below UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1214719 Y2 - 2017/03/24/10:40:48 KW - FRUGAL ER - TY - RPRT TI - Delivering institutional reform at scale: Problem-driven approaches supported by adaptive programming AU - Manuel, Clare T2 - Synthesis Paper, 2 AB - LASER synthesis papers aim to help donors and other stakeholders better understand why and how to approach investment climate reform programming differently. The papers reflect emerging best practice and lessons learnt on what works and what does not work in doing development differently. The papers have been peer-reviewed by experts in the field including senior advisers at DFID, World Bank, IFC and the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (amongst others). Second synthesis paper - Delivering institutional reform at scale: problem-driven approaches supported by adaptive programming February 2016 Drawing on our experience on the ground, this peer-reviewed paper suggests how problem driven approaches, supported by adaptive programme management can be implemented at scale in relation to donor programming aimed at institutional reform and improving state capability. DA - 2016/08/31/ PY - 2016 PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://www.laserdev.org/media/1163/laser-second-synthesis-paper-delivering-institutional-reform-at-scale-final-feb-2016.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/07/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seeing (from) Digital Peripheries: Technology and Transparency in Kenya’s Silicon Savannah AU - Poggiali, Lisa T2 - Cultural Anthropology DA - 2016/08/17/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.14506/ca31.3.07 DP - CrossRef VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 387 EP - 411 SN - 08867356, 15481360 ST - Seeing (from) Digital Peripheries UR - https://culanth.org/articles/823-seeing-from-digital-peripheries-technology-and Y2 - 2016/09/05/10:12:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evidence Base for Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting: summary of the literature review (2016.08) AU - Learning Lab AB - LEARN and USAID/PPL are managing an area of work known as Evidence Base for Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting (EB4CLA). The purpose of this work is to answer key learning questions: CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/08/11/T16:51:40-04:00 PY - 2016 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/literature-review-evidence-base-collaborating%2C-learning%2C-and-adapting Y2 - 2016/09/23/13:29:30 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Building elevators for development mutants AU - Quaggiotto, Giulio T2 - Disrupt & Innovate AB - I recently had the opportunity to learn about General Mill’s (the US food giant) “emerging brands elevator” program (also known as 301 Inc). Traditionally, General Mills has grown either through mergers and acquisitions, or by building new businesses from the ground up. Increasingly, however, it found that small brands were much faster at innovation, so … Continue reading Building elevators for development mutants DA - 2016/08/09/T06:30:06+02:00 PY - 2016 UR - https://disrupt-and-innovate.org/building-elevators-development-mutants/ Y2 - 2016/09/16/13:32:39 ER - TY - MGZN TI - This startup uses machine learning and satellite imagery to predict crop yields AU - Brokaw, Alex T2 - The Verge AB - Mark Johnson wants to beat the United States Department of Agriculture at its own game: predicting yields of America's crops. The USDA puts boots on the ground, deploying hundreds of workers to... DA - 2016/08/04/T10:22:21-04:00 PY - 2016 UR - http://www.theverge.com/2016/8/4/12369494/descartes-artificial-intelligence-crop-predictions-usda Y2 - 2017/02/16/17:29:46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding Social Accountability: Politics, Power and Building New Social Contracts AU - Hickey, Sam AU - King, Sophie T2 - The Journal of Development Studies AB - Calls to deepen levels of social accountability within social protection interventions need to be informed by the now extensive experience of promoting social accountability in developing countries. Drawing on a systematic review of over 90 social accountability interventions, including some involving social protection, this paper shows that politics and context are critical to shaping their success. We argue that the politics of social protection and of social accountability resonate strongly with the broader project of transforming state-society relations in developing countries. This requires a reconceptualisation of social accountability and social protection in terms of the broader development of ‘social contracts’, and that the current emphasis on promoting bottom-up forms of accountability needs to be balanced by efforts to strengthen and legitimise public authority in developing countries. DA - 2016/08/02/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1080/00220388.2015.1134778 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 52 IS - 8 SP - 1225 EP - 1240 SN - 0022-0388 ST - Understanding Social Accountability UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1134778 Y2 - 2019/02/17/09:51:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Payment by Results in Development Aid: All That Glitters Is Not Gold AU - Clist, Paul T2 - The World Bank Research Observer AB - Payment by Results (PbR), where aid is disbursed conditional upon progress against a pre-agreed measure, is becoming increasingly important for various donors. There are great hopes that this innovative instrument will focus attention on ultimate outcomes and lead to greater aid effectiveness by passing the delivery risk on to recipients. However, there is very little related empirical evidence, and previous attempts to place it on a sure conceptual footing are rare and incomplete. This article collates and synthesises relevant insights from a wide range of subfields in economics, providing a rich framework with which to analyze Payment by Results. I argue that the domain in which it dominates more traditional forms is relatively small and if it is used too broadly, many of the results it claims are likely to be misleading. The likelihood of illusory gains stems from the difficulty of using a single indicator to simultaneously measure and reward performance: ‘once a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.’ This does not mean PbR should not be used (indeed it will be optimal in some settings), but it does mean that claims of success should be treated with caution. DA - 2016/08/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1093/wbro/lkw005 DP - wbro.oxfordjournals.org VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 290 EP - 319 J2 - World Bank Res Obs LA - en SN - 0257-3032, 1564-6971 ST - Payment by Results in Development Aid UR - http://wbro.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/2/290 Y2 - 2016/11/27/09:24:41 KW - Conditionality KW - Contract theory KW - F35 KW - Foreign Aid KW - Multitask model KW - performance ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards characterizing the adaptive capacity of farmer-managed irrigation systems: learnings from Nepal AU - Thapa, Bhuwan AU - Scott, Christopher AU - Wester, Philippus AU - Varady, Robert T2 - Environmental change assessments AB - Small-scale irrigation systems managed by farmers are facing multiple challenges including competing water demand, climatic variability and change, and socioeconomic transformation. Though the relevant institutions for irrigation management have developed coping and adaptation mechanisms, the intensity and frequency of the changes have weakened their institutional adaptive capacity. Using case examples mostly from Nepal, this paper studies the interconnections between seven key dimensions of adaptive capacity: the five capitals (human, financial, natural, social, and physical), governance, and learning. Long-term adaptation requires harnessing the synergies and tradeoffs between generic adaptive capacity that fosters broader development goals and specific adaptive capacity that strengthens climate-risk management. Measuring and addressing the interrelations among the seven adaptive-capacity dimensions aids in strengthening the long term sustainability of farmer-managed irrigation systems. DA - 2016/08/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2016.10.005 VL - 21 SP - 37 EP - 44 J2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability SN - 1877-3435 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343516300641 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive programming in practice: shared lessons from the DFID-funded LASER and SAVI programmes AU - Derbyshire, Helen AU - Donovan, Elbereth T2 - Synthesis Paper 3 AB - LASER synthesis papers aim to help donors and other stakeholders better understand why and how to approach investment climate reform programming differently. The papers reflect emerging best practice and lessons learnt on what works and what does not work in doing development differently. The papers have been peer-reviewed by experts in the field including senior advisers at DFID, World Bank, IFC and the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (amongst others). DA - 2016/08// PY - 2016 PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Laser_Savi_Report-online-version-final-120816pdf.pdf Y2 - 2019/06/10/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - CONF TI - Alignment at Scale AU - Kniberg, Henrik T2 - Agile Africa C1 - Johannesburg DA - 2016/08// PY - 2016 UR - http://blog.crisp.se/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Agile-Africa-keynote-Alignment-at-Scale.pdf Y2 - 2017/08/15/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biodiversity How-To Guide 1: Developing Situation Models in USAID Biodiversity Programming AU - USAID AB - The Biodiversity How-To Guide 1: Developing Situation Models in USAID Biodiversity Programming is the first in a series of three guides that provide in-depth guidance on key tools and practices to support design teams as they design and manage biodiversity programs within the Program Cycle and in accordance with the USAID Biodiversity Policy. It focuses on how to develop situation models to map out the biodiversity conservation problem context to be addressed. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/08// PY - 2016 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Biodiversity How-To Guide 1 UR - https://rmportal.net/biodiversityconservation-gateway/resources/projects/measuring-impact/how-to-guides-for-usaid-biodiversity-programming/biodiversity-how-to-guide-1-developing-situation-models-in-usaid-biodiversity-programming Y2 - 2019/03/22/11:39:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biodiversity How-To Guide 2: Using Results Chains to Depict Theories of Change in USAID Biodiversity Programming AU - USAID AB - The Biodiversity How-To Guide 2: Using Results Chains to Depict Theories of Change in USAID Biodiversity Programming is the second in a series of three guides that provide in-depth guidance on key tools and practices to support design teams as they design and manage biodiversity programs within the Program Cycle and in accordance with the USAID Biodiversity Policy. It builds off the situation model guide to help design teams clearly state the expected results and assumptions behind the proposed strategic approaches that make up the program’s theory of change. The situation model provides the foundation to identify necessary results to reduce threats; brainstorm and prioritize strategic approaches; and then develop results chains to clarify assumptions behind selected approaches. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/08// PY - 2016 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Biodiversity How-To Guide 1 UR - https://rmportal.net/biodiversityconservation-gateway/resources/projects/measuring-impact/how-to-guides-for-usaid-biodiversity-programming/biodiversity-how-to-guide-1-developing-situation-models-in-usaid-biodiversity-programming Y2 - 2019/03/22/11:39:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biodiversity How-To Guide 3: Defining Outcomes & Indicators for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning in USAID Biodiversity Programming AU - USAID AB - The Biodiversity How-To Guide 3: Defining Outcomes and Indicators for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning in USAID Biodiversity Programming is the third in a series of three guides that provide in-depth guidance on key tools and practices to support design teams as they design and manage biodiversity programs within the Program Cycle and in accordance with the USAID Biodiversity Policy. It uses the results chains developed in the second guide and provides help identifying key results for developing outcome statements and indicators, as required by USAID’s Biodiversity Code, updated in the Biodiversity Policy. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/08// PY - 2016 LA - en PB - USAID ST - Biodiversity How-To Guide 1 UR - https://rmportal.net/biodiversityconservation-gateway/resources/projects/measuring-impact/how-to-guides-for-usaid-biodiversity-programming/biodiversity-how-to-guide-1-developing-situation-models-in-usaid-biodiversity-programming Y2 - 2019/03/22/11:39:14 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Building intentional networks that drive impact (part 2) AU - Mohr, Jeff T2 - In Too Deep AB - This is part 2 of our series on building intentional networks. Make sure you’ve read part 1 before diving into this article! DA - 2016/07/28/T23:59:23.000Z PY - 2016 UR - https://blog.kumu.io/building-intentional-networks-that-drive-impact-part-2-2f5621c5efbe Y2 - 2018/11/13/11:48:22 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Politics matters, so what? Time for bigger bets (and more learning) on adaptive programming AU - Alan T2 - www.globalintegrity.org AB - By Alan Hudson, Executive Director, Global Integrity, July 26, 2016 Politics matters. Context too. And blueprints have limited value. Our strategy is based on these insights, so we’re totally on board. A World Development Report (WDR) that puts power and politics... DA - 2016/07/26/T11:04:32-04:00 PY - 2016 ST - Politics matters, so what? UR - http://www.globalintegrity.org/2016/07/politics-matters-time-bigger-bets-learning-adaptive-programming/ Y2 - 2016/11/04/16:12:50 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptive development: great progress and some niggles AU - Vowles, Pete T2 - Medium AB - After 3 years in DFID headquarters, championing adaptive approaches to the delivery of aid and development programmes, I am back in an… DA - 2016/07/26/ PY - 2016 ST - Adaptive development UR - https://medium.com/@PeteVowles/are-log-frames-stifling-globaldev-24c5dd737b32#.20a00s8xw Y2 - 2016/08/05/16:18:38 ER - TY - ELEC TI - mHero and the Principles for Digital Development: Development Done Right | iHRIS DA - 2016/07/25/ PY - 2016 UR - http://www.ihris.org/2016/07/mhero-and-the-principles-for-digital-development-development-done-right/ Y2 - 2016/08/08/12:36:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - If politics is the problem, how can external actors be part of the solution? AU - Devarajan, Shantayanan AU - Khemani, Stuti AB - Despite a large body of research and evidence on the policies and institutions needed to generate growth and reduce poverty, many governments fail to adopt these policies or establish the institutions. Research advances since the 1990s have explained this syndrome, which this paper generically calls DA - 2016/07/25/10:16:01 PY - 2016 LA - en PB - The World Bank SN - WPS7761 UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/906091469456194816 Y2 - 2016/08/05/15:33:59 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - ELEC TI - Making design core to the agile process: a look into how we built Salesforce's Lightning Experience AU - Schoen, Ian T2 - Medium AB - A look into how we built Salesforce’s Lightning Experience DA - 2016/07/20/ PY - 2016 UR - https://medium.com/salesforce-ux/making-design-core-to-the-agile-process-3e06b083e8a8#.suq0sux6b Y2 - 2016/10/04/20:25:15 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptive Management Leaders Launch Practical Adaptation Network (PAN) AU - Labs, Feedback T2 - FeedbackLabs AB - Great things can happen at the frontier of theory and practice. When Feedback Labs worked with USAID’s Global Development Lab to bring together leaders in adaptive management at the White House on June 15th, we were pleased that we were able to move past the ongoing conceptual conversations toward discussing what we could do in concrete terms to implement adaptive management in practice. DA - 2016/07/19/T10:16:31+00:00 PY - 2016 UR - http://feedbacklabs.org/adaptive-management-leaders-launch-practical-adaptation-network-pan/ Y2 - 2016/10/05/18:45:27 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Building intentional networks that drive impact AU - Mohr, Jeff T2 - In Too Deep AB - These days everyone is familiar with some type of network — whether that’s their professional network on LinkedIn, their social network on… DA - 2016/07/16/T00:33:29.000Z PY - 2016 UR - https://blog.kumu.io/building-intentional-networks-that-drive-impact-part-1-90a7271c7a2a Y2 - 2018/12/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Strategy Deployment and Spotify Rhythm AU - Scotl, Karl T2 - AvailAgility AB - Last month, Henrik Kniberg posted slides from a talk he gave at Agile Sverige on something called Spotify Rhythm - "Spotify’s current approach to getting aligned as a company". While looking through the material, it struck me that what he was describing was a form of Strategy Deployment. This interpretation is based purely on those slides - I haven't had a chance yet to explore this more deeply with Henrik or anyone else from Spotify. I hope I will do some day, but given that caveat, here's how I currently understand the approach in terms of the X-Matrix Model. DA - 2016/07/11/T16:28:02Z PY - 2016 UR - http://availagility.co.uk/2016/07/11/strategy-deployment-and-spotify-rhythm Y2 - 2017/01/10/12:41:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using beneficiary feedback to improve development programmes: findings from a multi-country pilot AU - World Vision AB - This briefing summarises the findings from Beneficiary Feedback Mechanisms pilots and is intended to inform organisations and their funders about the development and implementation of feedback mechanisms. DA - 2016/07/08/ PY - 2016 PB - World Vision ST - Using beneficiary feedback to improve development programmes UR - https://www.intrac.org/resources/using-beneficiary-feedback-improve-development-programmes-findings-multi-country-pilot/ Y2 - 2017/06/27/11:35:11 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Fall in love with the solution, not the problem AU - Quaggiotto, Giulio AU - Leurs, Bas AU - Hazeldine, Shaun T2 - Nesta AB - Three strategies for international development organisations to solve problems without defining them. DA - 2016/07/05/ PY - 2016 UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/fall-love-solution-not-problem Y2 - 2016/09/16/13:55:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The road to adaptive management: knowledge, leadership, culture and rules AU - Byrne, Karri Goeldner AU - Sparkman, Timothy AU - Fowler, Ben CY - London DA - 2016/07// PY - 2016 PB - The BEAM Exchange ST - London UR - https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/58/52/5852dce7-e660-482c-aea9-b5613f36f227/adaptive_management.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/19/14:37:10 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Social network analysis handbook: connecting the dots in humanitarian programs AU - IRC AB - The following handbook is designed to provide a step by step guide to the application of Social Network Analysis for the IRC. CY - New York USA DA - 2016/07// PY - 2016 PB - International Rescue Committee ST - Social network analysis handbook UR - https://www.rescue.org/resource/social-network-analysis-handbook-connecting-dots-humanitarian-programs Y2 - 2017/01/29/10:54:13 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Scrum Guide AU - Schwaber, Ken AU - Sutherland, Jeff DA - 2016/07// PY - 2016 PB - scrum.org UR - http://www.scrumguides.org/docs/scrumguide/v2016/2016-Scrum-Guide-US.pdf Y2 - 2016/08/10/09:57:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - External Review of the Building Effective and Accessible Markets (BEAM) programme AU - Snedden, Ewan AU - Freer, Gordon AU - Moffatt, Michelle DA - 2016/07// PY - 2016 PB - WYG International UR - https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/42/e8/42e8f5c3-4539-4c80-b726-6e4b5fd70915/beam_review_by_wyg.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/01/16:03:20 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Christian Practical Wisdom: What It Is, Why It Matters AU - Bass, Dorothy C. AU - Cahalan, Kathleen A. AU - McLemore, Bonnie J. AU - Nieman, James R. AU - Scharen, Christian B. AB - Why is the very kind of knowledge that people need to live well ― practical wisdom ― often the least understood, the hardest to learn, and the most devalued kind of knowledge?In this book five distinguished practical theologians examine the wisdom that is basic for faithful Christian living, question why it has been largely devalued, and advocate for its renewal. After first showing several concrete situations in which this kind of wisdom is visible ― marriage, church, community, culture, and more ― the authors then delve into the reasons for the decline of practical wisdom and set forth constructive cases for its renewal through biblical imagination and spiritual practice. DA - 2016/06/30/ PY - 2016 DP - Amazon SP - 344 LA - English PB - Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company SN - 978-0-8028-6873-2 ST - Christian Practical Wisdom ER - TY - ELEC TI - ADAPT: Analysis Driven Agile Programming Techniques AU - IRC T2 - International Rescue Committee (IRC) AB - A growing body of research indicates that aid agencies are most successful when able to operate flexibly, particularly in fragile environments. Yet our systems and tools are often too rigid to effectively address complex problems, and program incentives frequently undermine adaptation instead of supporting it. To drive improvements in impact we need to be better able to analyse the dynamics of a given situation, anticipate how these might evolve, and be sufficiently agile to adapt to changes in context and need. DA - 2016/06/29/T12:24:25-04:00 PY - 2016 ST - ADAPT UR - https://www.rescue.org/adaptcasestudies Y2 - 2016/08/05/15:08:10 ER - TY - CONF TI - A Low-resource Aware Framework for ICT Service Development in Rural Africa AU - Bon, Anna AU - Gordijn, Jaap AU - Akkermans, Hans T2 - 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering A2 - España, S. A2 - Ivanovic, M. A2 - Savic, M. AB - Technological innovation and information & communication technologies (ICTs) are considered enabling factors for social and economic development, even in very poor parts of the world. However,... C1 - Ljubljana, Slovenia C3 - Proceedings of the CAiSE'16 Forum DA - 2016/06/13/17 PY - 2016 DP - www.researchgate.net UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304008990_A_Low-resource_Aware_Framework_for_ICT_Service_Development_in_Rural_Africa Y2 - 2016/06/23/11:26:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Building Bridges to an Uncertain Future Lived Now: Lessons from the Use of Participatory Action Research and Theory of Change Towards A Realistic Community-Based Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation System AU - Avila, Enrique M. AU - Tolentino, Lutgarda L. AU - Binondo, Claudia B. AU - Perez, Maripaz L. AU - Apgar, J. Marina T2 - International Journal of Agriculture System AB - Building on experience from the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems implemented by WorldFish in the Visayas and Mindanao regions of the Philippines, known as the VisMin Hub, we describe the development and evolution of a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system emerging from the facilitated action-reflection cycles of testing and adopting theories of change carried out with community partners through participatory action research (PAR). The former guides our community partners and us, as members of the potentially emergent PAR groups, towards the realization of the community’s vision; the latter facilitates learning to understand what, how and why change is unfolding. Unlike the conventional M&E system where indicators are pre-set at the beginning of program implementation, these processes result in an organically-evolved, communitybased participatory M&E system that is continuously revised according to contexts to guide communities towards realizing their visions. Its ultimate outcome is enhanced people’s capacity to own the product and process, giving rise to an internally-driven change. Towards the end, the paper offers an iterative discussion of learnings from implementing such an approach. DA - 2016/06/11/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.20956/ijas.v4i1.248 DP - pasca.unhas.ac.id VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 85 EP - 106 LA - en SN - 2580-6815 ST - Building Bridges to an Uncertain Future Lived Now UR - http://pasca.unhas.ac.id/ojs/index.php/ijas/article/view/248 Y2 - 2018/07/27/09:43:59 KW - Aquatic agricultural systems KW - CGIAR KW - Community-based participatory MEL KW - Learning KW - Participatory action research KW - research in development KW - theory of change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participation in ICT Development Interventions: Who and How? AU - Thapa, Devinder AU - Sæbø, Øystein T2 - The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries AB - The aim of participatory development (PD) in the context of using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for development (ICT4D) is to empower underprivileged communities and disadvantaged segments of the stakeholders. The literature on ICT4D is replete with empirical evidence showing that ICT interventions often fail since they are often externally initiated, with very limited involvement from the affected (Heeks, 2002). Clearly, the principles and concepts of PD are relevant to ICT4D. However, we should not consider PD a panacea but need to understand the caveats and processes by which PD happens. Questions to ask include: What are the various challenges in PD? Who are the relevant stakeholders? Why and how do actors enrol in the project? How do we create sustainable ICT4D projects through PD? To understand these research questions, we present a case analysis of a project in Nepal called the Nepal Wireless Networking Project (NWNP). Investigating the specific initiatives that they enabled, telemedicine, education and jobs, we propose that the key participants in the NWNP were activist actors and the affected and that activists drew upon existing Social Capital to enrol the affected through a process explained by Actor Network Theory (ANT). In the process, they built other forms of Social Capital, which in turn extended the benefits of PD to several mountain villages. DA - 2016/06/10/ PY - 2016 DP - www.ejisdc.org VL - 75 IS - 0 LA - en SN - 16814835 ST - Participation in ICT Development Interventions UR - http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1699 Y2 - 2016/07/27/14:38:09 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Where have we got to on adaptive learning, thinking and working politically, doing development differently etc? Getting beyond the People’s Front of Judea AU - Algoso, Dave AU - Hudson, Alan T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Dave Algoso and Alan Hudson at Global Integrity compare and contrast 9 different initiatives that are all heading in roughly the right direction in aid reform DA - 2016/06/09/ PY - 2016 UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/where-have-we-got-to-on-adaptive-learning-thinking-and-working-politically-doing-development-differently-etc-getting-beyond-the-peoples-front-of-judea/ Y2 - 2016/06/09/13:53:02 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - CONF TI - Spotify Rhythm - how we get aligned AU - Kniberg, Henrik T2 - Agile Sverige AB - Last month, Henrik Kniberg posted slides from a talk he gave at Agile Sverige on something called Spotify Rhythm - "Spotify’s current approach to getting aligned as a company". While looking through the material, it struck me that what he was describing was a form of Strategy Deployment. This interpretation is based purely on those slides - I haven't had a chance yet to explore this more deeply with Henrik or anyone else from Spotify. I hope I will do some day, but given that caveat, here's how I currently understand the approach in terms of the X-Matrix Model. C1 - Stockholm C3 - AvailAgility DA - 2016/06/01/ PY - 2016 UR - http://availagility.co.uk/2016/07/11/strategy-deployment-and-spotify-rhythm Y2 - 2017/01/10/12:41:18 ER - TY - CONF TI - Getting strategic: vertically integrated approaches AU - Aceron, Joy AU - Isaac, Francis AB - Holding power to account requires understanding where power lies and how it is exercised. It entails understanding how decisions are made, who makes them and what decision criteria are used to make them. Vertically integrated civil society action takes into account how power is exercised and how decisions are made in a given policy, programme or process. DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - Institute of Development Studies ST - Getting strategic UR - http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11737 Y2 - 2016/07/20/08:39:20 ER - TY - CONF TI - Accountability ecosystems: directions of accountability and points of engagement AU - Halloran, Brendan AB - Accountability, the obligation of those in power to take responsibility for their actions, is a process involving relationships between different actors (in state and society) and mechanisms, and is influenced by many contextual factors. Using the lens of an accountability ‘ecosystem’ focuses our attention on the complexity of accountability processes. An ‘ecosystem’ perspective suggests that simple ideas about accountability – such as citizen feedback reaching decision-makers ensures more accountability, or that greater transparency equals greater accountability – are often actually much more complex. C1 - Brighton DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS ST - Accountability ecosystems UR - http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11739 Y2 - 2016/07/20/08:39:14 ER - TY - CONF TI - Transforming governance: how can technology help reshape democracy? AU - Leighninger, Matt AB - Around the world, people are asking how we can make democracy work in new and better ways. We are frustrated by political systems in which voting is the only legitimate political act, concerned that many republics don’t have the strength or appeal to withstand authoritarian figures, and disillusioned by the inability of many countries to address the fundamental challenges of health, education and economic development. If we want to create democracies in which citizens have meaningful roles in shaping public decisions and solving public problems, we should be asking a number of questions about civic tech, including: • How can online tools best support new forms of democracy? • What are the examples of how this has happened? • What are some variables to consider in comparing these examples? • How can we learn from each other as we move forward? This background note has been developed to help democratic innovators explore these questions and examine how their work can provide answers. DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - Institute of Development Studies ST - Transforming governance UR - http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11738 Y2 - 2016/07/20/08:39:23 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Experiential Learning: Fostering lasting behavioural change AU - Norton, Brittney M. T2 - Prospects practice paper, 4 AB - The term ‘experiential learning’ is often mistakenly used to describe any learning experience that involves participatory activities. This paper presents an overview of what true experiential learning is and how this form of learning allows for real-world application - thus promoting lasting behavioural change. Furthermore, it explains how experiential learning was adopted as the methodological core of the Prospects psychosocial programme in Liberia, which builds ‘pre-employment skills’ in 3,500 vulnerable youth aged 15-24 years. The goal of the paper is to provide other youth and education development practitioners with a resource that can be used to strengthen youth and behaviour change programmes through the incorporation of the experiential learning theory. In addition, this paper explains its application in the Prospects programme, before concluding with key considerations of such a design. 1 DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 20 LA - en PB - Mercy Corps ER - TY - ELEC TI - The Methods Lab evaluation toolkit AU - ODI AB - The Methods Lab develops and tests flexible approaches to impact evaluation for interventions that are harder to evaluate because of their complexity. This toolkit brings together analysis, guidance and templates for anyone: planning an impact evaluation designing a monitoring and evaluation system working in a consortium or managing a portfolio of projects DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10378-methods-lab-evaluation-toolkit ER - TY - RPRT TI - Has Kenya’s ICT revolution triggered more citizen participation? AU - Salome, Nyambura T2 - MAVC Research Briefing AB - Lessons from policy in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 PB - Institute of Development Studies UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/when-does-state-listen/ Y2 - 2016/09/07/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Primer: Technology to monitor and share information on rainforests and forest people's rights AU - The Engine Room DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 PB - The Engine Room & Rainforest Foundation Norway UR - http://d5i6is0eze552.cloudfront.net/documents/Publikasjoner/Andre-rapporter/Rainforest-tech-primer.pdf?mtime=20160704134642 Y2 - 2016/08/08/10:04:16 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Designing Regenerative Cultures AU - Wahl, Daniel Christian AB - This is a 'Whole Earth Catalog' for the 21st century: an impressive and wide-ranging analysis of what's wrong with our societies, organizations, ideologies, worldviews and cultures - and how to put them right. The book covers the finance system, agriculture, design, ecology, economy, sustainability, organizations and society at large. In this remarkable book, Daniel Wahl explores ways in which we can reframe and understand the crises that we currently face, and he explores how we can live our way into the future. Moving from patterns of thinking and believing to our practice of education, design and community living, he systematically shows how we can stop chasing the mirage of certainty and control in a complex and unpredictable world. The book asks how can we collaborate in the creation of diverse regenerative cultures adapted to the unique biocultural conditions of place? How can we create conditions conducive to life? *** "This book is a valuable contribution to the important discussion of the worldview and value system we need to redesign our businesses, economies, and technologies - in fact, our entire culture - so as to make them regenerative rather than destructive." --Fritjof Capra, author of The Web of Life, co-author of The Systems View of Life: A Unifying Vision *** "This is an excellent addition to the literature on ecological design and it will certainly form a keystone in the foundations of the new MA in Ecological Design Thinking at Schumacher College, Devon. It not only contains a wealth of ideas on what Dr Wahl has termed 'Designing Regenerative Cultures' but what is probably more important, it provides some stimulating new ways of looking at persistent problems in our contemporary culture and hence opens up new ways of thinking and acting in the future." -- Seaton Baxter OBE, Prof. in Ecological Design Thinking, Schumacher College, UK [Subject: Systems Thinking, Education, Social Anthropology, Environmentalism, Ecology, Regenerative Culture, Sociology] CY - Axminster DA - 2016/05/31/ PY - 2016 DP - Amazon SP - 288 LA - English PB - Triarchy Press Ltd SN - 978-1-909470-77-4 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Doing Anti-corruption Differently AU - Jorge T2 - www.globalintegrity.org AB - By Alan Hudson, Executive Director Corruption and how to tackle it is center-stage in London this week, with the spotlight brighter than ever as a result of the Panama Papers. This is welcome news. The Anti-Corruption Summit, hosted by the... DA - 2016/05/10/T19:03:29-04:00 PY - 2016 UR - http://www.globalintegrity.org/2016/05/anti-corruption-differently/ Y2 - 2016/05/11/09:57:29 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning to Adapt: Building Adaptive Management as a Core Competency in Development Practice AU - Ramalingam, Ben AB - Key messages 1. Development policies and programs increasingly operate in situations of high complexity and uncertainty. 2. There are growing efforts across the sector to design, plan and implement more adaptive responses that are more relevant and appropriate in such contexts 3. At the heart of effective adaptive programming is the capability to gather, interpret and use knowledge, information and data in real-time 4. Strengthening this capability requires a positive enabling environment—including tools and methods, structures and processes, leadership and management and culture and mindsets. 5. For adaptive development to succeed, there needs to be greater attention and investment in both knowledge, information and data systems and in appropriate enabling environments DA - 2016/05/09/ PY - 2016 PB - Institute of Development Studies UR - https://www.globalinnovationexchange.org/learning-adapt Y2 - 2016/09/05/15:02:32 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - When theory meets reality: assumptions, feasibility and implications of a complexity-informed approach AU - Buffardi, Anne AB - Over the last half century, repeated calls for adaptive learning in development suggests two things: many practitioners are working in complex situations that may benefit from flexible approaches, and such approaches can be difficult to apply in practice. • Complexity thinking can offer useful recommendations on how to take advantage of distributed capacities, joint interpretation of problems and learning through experimentation in complex development programmes. • However, these recommendations rely on underlying assumptions about relationships, power and flexibility that may not hold true in practice, particularly for programmes operating in a risk averse, results-driven environment. • This paper poses guiding questions to assess the fit and feasibility of integrating complexity informed practices into development programmes. DA - 2016/05// PY - 2016 SP - 16 PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10604.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reforming solid waste management in Phnom Penh AU - Denney, Lisa T2 - Working Politically in Practice AB - This paper tracks the efforts of an Asia Foundation team and local stakeholders as they worked to support improvements in the solid waste management sector in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The team worked in a flexible way with a range of partners, and with particular focus on understanding the incentives and politics affecting service delivery. While reform of the sector remains in progress, steps have been taken to introduce more competition and better public sector management of solid waste collection in the city. This case study lays out the real-time decisions and processes which drove the strategy and implementation of this project, providing useful insights into how politically astute and flexible programs can be successfully implemented. This case has emerged from an action research process, which was led by a researcher from the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) and conducted over the course of almost two years. By capturing and analyzing the experiences of the program team in Phnom Penh, the paper intends to provide practical insights for others in the development community aiming to implement similar kinds of programming. DA - 2016/05// PY - 2016 SN - 8 UR - http://asiafoundation.org/publication/reforming-solid-waste-management-phnom-penh Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:47:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - You Cannot Go it Alone: Learning from Cooperative Relationships in Civil Society Budget Campaigns AU - Larsen, Jillian CY - Washington, DC DA - 2016/05// PY - 2016 PB - IBP UR - http://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/learning-from-cooperative-relationships-civil-society-budget-campaigns/ KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wheeling in the Trojan Mice AU - Mahendra, Jackie T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - One way to make risk-taking more palatable for social change organizations is to run small, light, nimble experiments––tests not built to win wars, but rather to quickly infiltrate new territory, attack new problems, and inform future tactics. DA - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.48558/G1ZE-5N09 LA - en-us UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/wheeling_in_the_trojan_mice Y2 - 2023/11/17/10:37:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rewards and Risks Associated with Community Engagement in Anti-Poaching and Anti-Trafficking AU - Wilkie, David AU - Painter, Michael AU - Jacob, Anila T2 - Measuring Impact AB - This Biodiversity Technical Brief summarizes research on the roles communities do and should play in countering wildlife crime, motivations, and benefits for individuals and communities to engage in anti-poaching and anti-trafficking efforts, and risks and mitigation of risks associated with involvement. Peer-reviewed and grey literature, structured interviews, and case studies informed the research, with highlights from six case studies in Peru, Madagascar, Namibia, Philippines, Kenya, and Indonesia. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 5 LA - en M3 - Technical Brief PB - USAID ER - TY - BLOG TI - “There’s no money for that.” Three Ways to Resource Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting AU - Salib, Monalisa T2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - This blog is the third in an ongoing series exploring the components of USAID's CLA Framework. Here is the first blog on organizational culture and the second on effective learning. DA - 2016/04/25/T17:20:15-04:00 PY - 2016 LA - en M3 - Text UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/lab-notes/theres-no-money-that-three-ways-resource-collaborating-learning-and-adapting Y2 - 2019/08/08/23:35:42 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Digital Technologies for Democratic Governance in Latin America: Opportunities and Risks A3 - Breuer, Anita A3 - Welp, Yanina AB - This book is the first to comprehensively analyse the political and societal impacts of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in a region of the Global South. It evaluates under what conditions some Latin American governments and people have succeeded in taking up the opportunities related to the spread of ICTs, while others are confronted with the pessimist scenario of increased, digitally induced social and democratic cleavages. Specifically, the book examines if and how far the spread and use of new ICT affected central aims of democratic governance such as reducing socio-economic and gender inequality; strengthening citizen participation in political decision making; increasing the transparency of legislative processes; improving administrative processes; providing free access to government data and information; and expanding independent spaces of citizen communication. The country case and cross-country explore a range of bottom-up driven initiatives to reinforce democracy in the region. The book offers researchers and students an interdisciplinary approach to these issues by linking it to established theories of media and politics, political communication, political participation, and governance. Giving voice to researchers native to the region and with direct experience of the region, it uniquely brings together contributions from political scientists, researchers in communication studies and area studies specialists who have a solid record in political activism and international development co-operation. DA - 2016/04/24/ PY - 2016 DP - Amazon SP - 248 LA - English PB - Routledge SN - 978-1-138-68679-3 ST - Digital Technologies for Democratic Governance in Latin America ER - TY - BOOK TI - Simple Habits for Complex Times: Powerful Practices for Leaders AU - Berger, Jennifer Garvey AU - Johnston, Keith DA - 2016/04/21/ PY - 2016 ET - Illustrated edition SP - 272 LA - English PB - Stanford University Press SN - 978-0-8047-9943-0 ST - Simple Habits for Complex Times ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Fallacy of Beneficial Ignorance: A Test of Hirschman's Hiding Hand AU - Flyvbjerg, Bent T2 - World Development AB - Albert O. Hirschman's principle of the Hiding Hand stands stronger and more celebrated today than ever. The principle states that ignorance is good in planning, DA - 2016/04/21/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.03.012 DP - papers.ssrn.com VL - 84 SP - 176 EP - 89 ST - The Fallacy of Beneficial Ignorance UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2767128 Y2 - 2017/04/13/17:35:23 KW - Behavioral economics KW - Development KW - Hiding hand KW - Ignorance KW - Management ER - TY - BLOG TI - Learning and adaptation: 6 pitfalls to avoid AU - Valters, Craig T2 - Devex DA - 2016/04/20/T12:42:28+00:00 PY - 2016 ST - Learning and adaptation UR - https://www.devex.com/news/learning-and-adaptation-6-pitfalls-to-avoid-88032 Y2 - 2016/09/19/14:25:23 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Innovation at UNDP: from weekend sport to daily practice AU - Quaggiotto, Giulio AU - Begovic, Mellie T2 - Nesta AB - The experience of working to embed innovation approaches in everyday practice at UNDP's country offices DA - 2016/04/19/ PY - 2016 ST - Innovation at UNDP UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/innovation-undp-weekend-sport-daily-practice Y2 - 2016/09/16/10:53:08 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - More books on complexity than you can shake a stick at—plus a mea culpa AU - Algoso, Dave T2 - Praxis AB - Last month, Duncan Green was kind enough to post my overly ambitious multi-book review on complexity thinking in development on his From Poverty to Power blog. It covered three books: Ben Ramalingam’s Aid on the Edge of Chaos; Jean Boulton, Peter Allen, and Cliff Bowman’s Embracing Complexity; and Danny Burns and Stuart Worsley’s Navigating Complexity in International Development. It... DA - 2016/04/17/T15:30:25-04:00 PY - 2016 UR - http://algoso.org/2016/04/17/more-books-on-complexity-than-you-can-shake-a-stick-at-plus-a-mea-culpa/ Y2 - 2016/08/05/14:52:30 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Book Review: Branko Milanovic's brilliant take on Global Inequality T2 - From Poverty to Power AB - Some of my favourite development economists are nomads, people with feet in different regions, which seems to make them better able to identify interesting patterns and similarities/differences bet... DA - 2016/04/15/T06:30:42+00:00 PY - 2016 ST - Book Review UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/book-review-branko-milanovics-brilliant-take-on-global-inequality/ Y2 - 2016/04/22/15:03:27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Future is a Choice: The Oxfam Framework and Guidance for Resilient Development AU - Jeans, Helen AU - Thomas, Sebastien AU - Castillo, Gina T2 - Policy & Practice AB - This guide provides a framework for Oxfam staff to design programmes and campaigns that contribute to resilient development. Oxfam defines resilience as ‘the ability of women and men to realize their rights and improve their well-being despite shocks, stresses DA - 2016/04/12/ PY - 2016 DP - policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk ST - The Future is a Choice UR - http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/the-future-is-a-choice-the-oxfam-framework-and-guidance-for-resilient-developme-604990 Y2 - 2016/04/27/18:10:07 ER - TY - BLOG TI - The era of development mutants AU - Quaggiotto, Giulio T2 - Nesta AB - If you were looking for the cutting edge of the development sector, where would you go these days? DA - 2016/04/11/ PY - 2016 UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/era-development-mutants Y2 - 2017/02/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Critique of the Claims About Mobile Phones and Kerala Fisherman. The Importance of the Context of Complex Social Systems AU - Steyn, Jacques T2 - The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries AB - This paper challenges some fundamental aspects of research and conclusions relating to the use of technology for community development. Views of technology, in this case the mobile phone, as a tool for increased economic welfare are often skewed due to extreme reductionism, ambiguous interview questions and poor data sources. Research of complex social systems or sub-systems give the wrong answers when reductionist methodologies are used. To demonstrate such shortcomings, the 2007 paper of Robert Jensen serves as an example. His conclusion that mobile phones enable Kerala fishermen to increase their economic welfare is the most cited paper on ICT4D topics, but there are fundamental methodological and logical problems with the claim, while other research came to contradictory conclusions. This critique is presented on many levels: ideological, paradigmatic, methodology, logical, statistical and semantic. DA - 2016/04/05/ PY - 2016 DP - www.ejisdc.org VL - 74 IS - 0 LA - en SN - 16814835 UR - http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1687 Y2 - 2016/07/27/14:44:37 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and Measuring Results in Private Sector Development CY - Bern DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 PB - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC UR - http://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/SDC_MRM_good_practices_2016.pdf Y2 - 2016/12/13/16:42:16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Clearing the fog: new tools for improving the credibility of impact claims AU - Befani, Barbara AU - D'Errico, Stefano AU - Booker, Francesca AU - Giuliani, Alessandra T2 - iied Briefing Papers AB - Development actors facing pressure to provide more rigorous assessments of their impact on policy and practice need new methods to deliver them. There is now a broad consensus that the traditional counterfactual analysis leading to the assessment of the net effect of an intervention is incapable of capturing the complexity of factors at play in any particular policy change. We suggest that evaluations focus instead on establishing whether a clearly-defined process of change has taken place, and improve the validity and credibility of qualitative impact statements. IIED research in Uganda shows that the methods of process tracing and Bayesian updating facilitate a dialogue between theory and evidence that allows us to assess our degree of confidence in ‘contribution claims’ in a transparent and replicable way. DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DP - pubs.iied.org ST - Clearing the fog UR - https://pubs.iied.org/17359IIED/ Y2 - 2019/06/04/17:16:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Time to let go: remaking humanitarian action for the modern era AU - Bennett, Christina AB - As the international humanitarian system faces a crisis of legitimacy, the Humanitarian Policy Group’s landmark report proposes a new model of humanitarian action. CY - London DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 PB - ODI ST - Time to let go UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10381-time-let-go-remaking-humanitarian-action-modern-era Y2 - 2017/03/17/11:29:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using Evidence - What works? AU - Breckon, Jonathan AU - Dodson, Jane CY - London DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DP - Google Scholar PB - Alliance for Useful Evidence UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/using_evidence_what_works.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/04/18:25:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reflections on implementing politically informed, searching programs: lessons for aid practitioners and policy makers AU - Cole, William AU - Ladner, Debra AU - Koenig, Mark AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia T2 - Working Politically in Practice DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 SN - 5 UR - http://asiafoundation.org/publication/reflections-implementing-politically-informed-searching-programs Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:47:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Overview for Social Sector Leaders: Assessing Innovation Potential for Social Impact AU - Global Knowledge Initiative AB - We aim to provide decision makers with greater insight and confidence into the process of assessing innovation impact potential. Rather than considering the role innovation plays after an investment is made, or based on historic evaluations of how innovation has or has not delivered solutions to a problem, this approach is forward-looking. This customizable toolset assesses the future impact that innovation can deliver in a system to tackle particularly complex problems DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 SP - 30 UR - http://globalknowledgeinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/AIIP-Toolset-Overview-With-Tools_GKI-FINAL.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reforming donors in fragile states: using public management theory more strategically AU - Gulrajani, Nilima AU - Honig, Dan AB - This paper identifies ways in which donors can be more effective in fragile and conflict-affected states by exploiting theories and concepts drawn from public management. CY - London DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 LA - en M3 - Research Report PB - Overseas Development Institute ST - Reforming donors in fragile states UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10479.pdf Y2 - 2018/02/16/08:21:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Science of Using Science: Researching the Use of Research Evidence in Decision-Making AU - Langer, Laurenz AU - Tripney, Janice AU - Gough, David CY - London DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 PB - EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London UR - http://www.alliance4usefulevidence.org/publication/using-evidence-what-works-april-2016/ Y2 - 2016/04/17/14:25:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Impact evaluation for portfolio programmes on policy influence: Reflections on the Indonesian Poverty Reduction Support Facility AU - Mackenzie, Jessica AU - Hearn, Simon AB - • Donors are increasingly using portfolio-based programmes that embrace ‘good failure’ and adaptive, political programming. • However, measuring the impact of these programmes is challenging, especially for those working on policy influence and building country systems; not only do you need to measure the positive and negative impact of the overall portfolio, but also the different pathways tested. • Programmes, therefore, need a light-touch monitoring and evaluation system that allows it to remain flexible. • Good practice examples of portfolio-based programmes present six strategies to evaluate impact: 1. Develop appropriate logic models 2. Collect observational data throughout implementation 3. Develop stories of change or case studies 4. Understand causal relationships without a counterfactual 5. Purposefully select which activities to study 6. Be explicit about how impact will be valued across the portfolio. • These strategies are only useful if monitoring and evaluation is placed at the centre of programme decision-making. DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 SP - 48 PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10463.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Management in Practice: a case study on the Prospects program AU - Maclay, Chris T2 - Prospects practice paper, 1 AB - Recognising that aid and development programming takes place in complex contexts, Mercy Corps is increasingly seeking to understand how best to manage programs which iterate, adapt and respond to the consistently evolving settings in which we work. This brief Practice Paper provides some examples of what adaptive management looks like in practice on the Prospects youth employment program in Liberia. It does not seek to function as a manual or set of guidelines, but simply provides some practical examples and insights into how a youth employment program governed by principles of adaptive management operates. DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 20 LA - en PB - Mercy Corps ER - TY - BOOK TI - Innovation for International Development: Navigating the Paths and Pitfalls A3 - Ramalingam, Ben A3 - Bound, Kirsten AB - Experiences, insights and practical advice from over 20 leading practitioners in innovation for international development, brought together in one collection. CY - London DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 PB - NESTA UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/innovation-international-development Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:46:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Built to improve: Leveraging realtime M&E for adaptive youth employment programming AU - Skelton, John T2 - Prospects practice paper, 2 AB - Recognising that aid and development programming takes place in complex contexts, Mercy Corps is increasingly seeking to understand how best to manage programs which iterate, adapt and respond to the consistently evolving settings in which we work. This brief Practice Paper provides some examples of what adaptive management looks like in practice on the Prospects youth employment program in Liberia. It does not seek to function as a manual or set of guidelines, but simply provides some practical examples and insights into how a youth employment program governed by principles of adaptive management operates. DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 20 LA - en PB - Mercy Corps ER - TY - RPRT TI - Dealing with uncertainty: Reflections on donor preferences for pre-planned project models AU - Tyrrel, Lavinia AU - Cole, William T2 - Working Politically in Practice DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 SN - 6 UR - http://asiafoundation.org/publication/dealing-with-uncertainty Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:47:09 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Stakeholder Engagement for Biodiversity Conservation Goals: Assessing the Status of the Evidence AU - USAID T2 - Measuring Impact AB - Learning how to communicate and work with different groups builds constituencies to support conservation aims. An analysis by USAID's research partner the American Museum of Natural History evaluated 148 references, selected through a rigorous systematic review process, to identify key lessons for stakeholder engagement. This briefer describes the analysis, which will soon be published in full. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 17 LA - en M3 - Technical Brief PB - USAID ER - TY - BLOG TI - Redesigning Field Papers’ User Interface AU - Jacks, Lindsey T2 - Cadasta AB - For the past three months, I've been working with Cadasta and Stamen on the atlas creation pages of the Field Papers map annotation tool. The end result is now live on the Field Papers website. We took the four step “wizard” process for creating an atlas, combined it all into a single-page, and... DA - 2016/03/22/ PY - 2016 UR - http://cadasta.org/redesigning-field-papers-ui/ Y2 - 2016/09/29/09:09:38 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - MGZN TI - Life and death in the App Store AU - Newton, Casey T2 - The Verge AB - As last year began, the app developer Pixite held its company retreat at a converted Old West movie set outside of Palm Springs. They spent a few days dreaming about the future while eating... DA - 2016/03/02/ PY - 2016 UR - https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/2/11140928/app-store-economy-apple-android-pixite-bankruptcy Y2 - 2017/06/28/15:23:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Technical challenges in the application of adaptive management AU - Williams, Byron K. AU - Brown, Eleanor D. T2 - Biological Conservation AB - Adaptive management is an approach for simultaneously managing and learning about natural resources, by acknowledging uncertainty and seeking to reduce it through the process of management itself. Adaptive decision making can be applied to pressing issues in conservation biology such as species reintroduction, disease and invasive species control, and habitat restoration, as well as to management of natural resources in general. After briefly outlining a framework and process for adaptive management, we focus on an overview of the key technical issues related to problem framing and the ability of resource managers to learn from their experience. These technical issues include the treatment of uncertainty and its propagation over time; nonstationarity in long-term environmental trends; the applicability of adaptive management across scales; requirements for models and management alternatives that promote learning; the value of the information produced with adaptive management; the challenge to management of uncertainty and surprise; and institutional (social) learning. To accommodate these and other challenges that are now coming into focus, the learning-based approach of adaptive management will need to be adjusted and expanded in the future. DA - 2016/03/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.01.012 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 195 SP - 255 EP - 263 J2 - Biological Conservation SN - 0006-3207 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320716300143 Y2 - 2019/02/25/11:29:30 KW - Adaptive Management KW - Learning KW - Nonstationarity KW - Resilience KW - Uncertainty KW - Value of information ER - TY - RPRT TI - Politically smart support to economic development: DFID experiences AU - Booth, David CY - London DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 SP - 30 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10357.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluating the impact of flexible development interventions using a ‘loose’ theory of change: Reflections on the Australia-Mekong NGO Engagement Platform AU - Davies, Rick AB - • For some interventions, tight and testable theories of change are not appropriate – for example, in fast moving humanitarian emergencies or participatory development programmes, a more flexible approach is needed. • However, it is still possible to have a flexible project design and to draw conclusions about causal attribution. This middle path involves ‘loose’ theories of change, where activities and outcomes may be known, but the likely causal links between them are not yet clear. • In this approach, data is collected ‘after the event’ and analysed across and within cases, developing testable models for ‘what works’. More data will likely be needed than for projects with a ‘tight’ theory of change, as there is a wider range of relationships between interventions and outcomes to analyse. The theory of change plays an important role in guiding the selection of data types. • While loose theories of change are useful to identify long term impacts, this approach can also support short cycle learning about the effectiveness of specific activities being implemented within a project’s lifespan. DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10361.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Sometimes it is about the Tech: Choosing Tools in South African and Kenyan Transparency & Accountability Initiatives AU - de Lanerolle, Indra AU - Walker, Tom AU - Kinney, Sasha T2 - MAVC Research Report CY - Brighton DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 PB - IDS and The Engine Room UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/six-rules-thumb-select-tools-transparency-accountability-projects Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:59:31 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using political economy analysis in conflict, security and justice programmes AU - Denney, Lisa DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 SP - 20 M3 - Toolkit PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10362.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Leather sector reform in Bangladesh AU - Harris, Dan T2 - Working Politically in Practice AB - This paper examines the Asia Foundation’s efforts to support change in Bangladesh’s leather sector. Working closely with local partners, the Asia Foundation team has specifically supported efforts to move tanneries out of a dangerously polluted location to a modern industrial park that will improve compliance with health and environmental protection standards, and potentially lead to growth in the sector. At the time of release, this critical relocation has already begun. This case study lays out the real-time decisions and processes which drove the strategy and implementation of this project, providing useful insights into how politically astute and flexible programs can be successfully implemented. This case has emerged from an action research process, which was led by a researcher from the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) and conducted over the course of almost two years. By capturing and analyzing the experiences of the program team in Bangladesh, the paper intends to provide practical insights for others in the development community aiming to implement similar kinds of programming. This is the seventh paper in the DFAT-TAF Partnership Working Politically in Practice Paper Series released under the Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) and The Asia Foundation (TAF) Partnership. DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 SN - 7 UR - http://asiafoundation.org/publication/leather-sector-reform-bangladesh/ Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:47:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using adaptive development to support feminist action AU - O’Neil, Tam AB - This paper looks at how adaptive development is being applied by gender programmes and argues that gender and adaptive development communities have much to offer each other. CY - London DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 PB - ODI UR - http://www.odi.org/publications/10370-using-adaptive-development-support-feminist-action Y2 - 2016/04/20/10:40:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - ‘Learning journeys’ for adaptive management – Where does it take us? AU - Ørnemark, Charlotte T2 - GPSA Note 12 DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 PB - Global Partnership for Social Accountability UR - https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/616861606892138029/pdf/Learning-Journeys-for-Adaptive-Management-Where-does-it-Take-Us.pdf Y2 - 2024/02/12/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - When and how to develop an impact-oriented monitoring and evaluation system AU - Peersman, Greet AU - Rogers, Patricia AU - Guijt, Irene AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Pasanen, Tiina AU - Buffardi, Anne AB - This guidance note focuses on: • what an impact-oriented monitoring and evaluation system entails • why an organisation may want to establish such a system • when integrating an impact-orientation into an monitoring and evaluation system is most useful • what should be considered in developing the monitoring and evaluation system, or in tweaking an existing system, to become more impact-focused. The primary audience for this guidance note is internal and external monitoring and evaluation advisors involved in designing and implementing, and/or assessing monitoring and evaluation systems to include a focus on impact. It will also be useful for senior management of organisations who need to know how best to plan for a sustainable monitoring and evaluation system that supports impact assessment or to adapt an existing system to incorporate an impact perspective. DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10327.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Is DFID Getting Real About Politics?A stocktake of how DFID has adopted a politically-informed approach (2010-2015) AU - Piron, Laure-Hélène AU - Baker, Aislin AU - Savage, Laura AU - Wiseman, Katie AB - 1. Background This internal stocktake assesses whether DFID is “getting real about politics” - how it is taking power and politics into account in all its operations. Country Poverty Reduction Diagnostics undertaken by DFID teams identify politics as the most frequent barrier to poverty reduction and growth. The UK 2015 Aid Strategy has committed DFID to spending 50% of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in fragile states. This requires a “patient, long-term approach” to addressing barriers to peace and stability which are fundamentally political, rather than purely financial or technical. The stocktake is based on three DFID offices case studies (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan and Malawi) as well as extensive internal and external consultations between June and December 2015. It provides illustrations of how DFID is evolving but does not systematically offer evidence of development impacts or non-country work, as this would have required a different methodology. 2. What does it mean to take politics into account? Politically-informed approaches are based on a large body of evidence that confirms the importance of institutions and politics for sustainable development. External assistance needs to support locally-led change. Success depends on timing, context, political processes and local actors. Desirable outcomes are hard to achieve and difficult to predict. Politically-informed approaches improve development effectiveness through:  The ‘what’: political goals, using development assistance to shift how power is distributed in the economy and society. The two main elements are: aiming for long term transformation of institutions; and supporting locally-led change processes more likely to be sustainable and successful: locallyowned (i.e. with local salience) and locally-negotiated.  The ‘how’: politically-smart methods, with greater realism and feasibility. The three main elements are: understanding power and politics in a specific context in order to identify opportunities and barriers for change; influencing and stakeholder management skills; and proactive risk management. To influence DFID operations, a politically-informed approach needs to be iterative, not one-off. The explicit understanding of context, whether formal setpiece studies or more routine analysis, should inform policy and programme decisions, from high level strategic choices, to day-to-day implementation, for both international policy and country support. This is a dynamic process: as the context evolves and lessons are learned about what works, analyses and decisions are updated. These are the principles behind the ‘flexible and adaptive’ agenda. CY - London DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero LA - en M3 - Discussion Paper PB - DFID ER - TY - RPRT TI - SPACES MERL: Systems and Complexity White Paper AU - USAID AB - The Strategic Program for Analyzing Complexity and Evaluating Systems (SPACES MERL) project is an activity funded by USAID’s Global Development Lab and the Bureau for Policy, Planning and Learning (PPL). This three-year activity aims to bring a variety of tools and methodologies that decision-makers can use (alone or in combination) to provide comprehensive systems analysis. The activity is being implemented from 2015 to 2018 by a consortium of organizations expert in systems and complexity, including the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University (Prime), Global Knowledge Initiative (GKI), LINC and ResilientAfrica Network (RAN). This Systems and Complexity White Paper is a collaborative effort of the SPACES MERL team, designed to frame the international development landscape, with particular reference to USAID-funded activities, for application of systems and complexity approaches to design, monitoring and evaluation. Customized to the systems and complexity layperson with in-depth knowledge of international development practice, the objectives of this white paper are three-fold:  Provide an overview of systems and complexity practice, its current state of application and relevance to international development practice;  Establish a taxonomy of systems and complexity tools, highlighting the fit of those offered by SPACES MERL within the wider landscape; and  Review and provide information on application of SPACES MERL tools, their purpose and construction, required data, and their applicability to specific contexts. DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 SP - 95 UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00M7QZ.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Putting learning at the centre: Adaptive development programming in practice AU - Valters, Craig AU - Cummings, Clare AU - Nixon, Hamish AB - Adaptive programming suggests, at a minimum, that development actors react and respond to changes in the political and socio-economic operating environment. It emphasises learning and the development practitioner is encouraged to adjust their actions to find workable solutions to problems that they may face. Being prepared to react to change may seem like common sense – and indeed it is. However much development thinking and practice remains stuck in a linear planning model which discourages learning and adaptation, in part because projects are seen as ‘closed, controllable and unchanging systems’ (Mosse, 1998: 5). This paper critically engages with this problem and makes clear why and how learning needs to be at the centre of adaptive development programming. It begins by clarifying why and what kind of learning matters for adaptive programming. The paper then turns its focus to how strategies and approaches applied throughout a programme’s conception, design, management and M&E can enable it to continually learn and adapt. CY - London DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 PB - ODI ST - Adapting development UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10367-putting-learning-centre-adaptive-development-programming-practice Y2 - 2016/05/11/12:37:16 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Getting Strategic about Technology and Accountability: MAVC Learning and Inspiration Event in Manila AU - Halloran, Brendan T2 - Politics, Governance and Development AB - Two years ago, Jonathan Fox released a widely read and well-received paper looking at the evidence for citizen-led accountability.  In it, he noted the proliferation of short-term, isolated interve… DA - 2016/02/16/T11:22:53+00:00 PY - 2016 ST - Getting Strategic about Technology and Accountability UR - https://politicsgovernancedevelopment.wordpress.com/2016/02/16/getting-strategic-about-technology-and-accountability-mavc-learning-and-inspiration-event-in-manila/ Y2 - 2016/04/27/17:17:16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking Participation and Re-enacting Its Dilemmas? Aarhus 2017 and “The Playful Society” AU - Eriksson, Birgit AU - Stephensen, Jan Løhmann T2 - Conjunctions. Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural Participation AB - In 2012 the Danish city of Aarhus was appointed European Capital of Culture for 2017. The appointment was based on an ambitious programme that – under the headline Rethink – tried to set an agenda of societal transformation, mainly by seeking to increase the impact of art and culture, and to enhance civic participation at all levels of society. In this article we examine one of the first attempts of Aarhus 2017 to realize these grand ambitions: ‘The Playful Society’, a series of micro grants aimed at enabling young people to make their own art/culture projects and participate in the overall Rethink project. Informed by theoretical distinctions between different forms of participation, and the diverse interests invested in participatory processes, we investigate how the young cultural entrepreneurs and the artistic administrators of Aarhus 2017 separately, in conjunction, and sometimes even in opposition to each other, translated these overall ambitions into practice. We argue that they illuminate some of the dilemmas of contemporary cultural participation, including the importance of question- ing who participates in what, how they do it, and in what context. DA - 2016/02/11/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.7146/tjcp.v2i2.22918 DP - www.conjunctions-tjcp.com VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 48 EP - 66 LA - en SN - 2246-3755 ST - Rethinking Participation and Re-enacting Its Dilemmas? UR - http://www.conjunctions-tjcp.com/article/view/22918 Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:07:17 KW - Cultural Entrepreneurship KW - Participation KW - youth ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participation as assemblage: Introducing assemblage as a framework for analysing participatory processes and outcomes AU - Stage, Carsten AU - Ingerslev, Karen T2 - Conjunctions. Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural Participation AB - The article presents a yet unexplored framework for analysing the multidimensionality and dis/connections of participatory processes and their outcomes by using the concept of the ‘assemblage’ (DeLanda, 2006). The case is an eight-month collaboration between a task force initiated by Central Denmark Region, the socio-economic company Sager der Samler, and citizens. The collaboration is aimed at bringing together and working across various institutional and user perspectives to act on a societal challenge. The analysis is theoretically based on a review of existing theories of participation and typologies for analysing and evaluating participation. In particu- lar, the analysis focuses on the assemblage approach as a way of acknowledging the institutional, affective, mate- rial and power-related complexity of participatory processes. The assemblage approach helps to analytically stress that the process under investigation should be evaluated both with a more traditional focus on decision-making or power allocation, as well as taking into account the social, personal-affective and material benefits produced, and the potential for change in the relationship between public administration and citizens. DA - 2016/02/11/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.7146/tjcp.v2i2.22923 DP - www.conjunctions-tjcp.com VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 136 LA - en SN - 2246-3755 ST - Participation as assemblage UR - http://www.conjunctions-tjcp.com/article/view/22923 Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:08:04 ER - TY - RPRT TI - USAID Applied Political Economy Analysis - Field Guide AU - Cammack, Diana AB - Political Economy Analysis (PEA) is a field-research methodology used to explore not simply how things happen in an aid-recipient country, but why things happen. It results in a written assessment with recommendations for a mission's County Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS), project or activity design, or course correction during implementation.USAID's Applied PEA is a problem-focused method specially intended to be used by Mission staff to inform the design of aid interventions at any phase of the USAID program cycle and at any level of effort. DA - 2016/02/04/ PY - 2016 LA - und M3 - Text PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/applied-political-economy-analysis-field-guide Y2 - 2016/09/23/13:35:07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Appreciative Inquiry: Three decades of generative impact AU - Godwin, Lindsey N. T2 - AI Practitioner DA - 2016/02/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.12781/978-1-907549-26-7-3 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 29 J2 - AIP SN - 17418224 ST - Appreciative Inquiry UR - https://aipractitioner.com/product/appreciative-inquiry-three-decades-of-generative-impact/ Y2 - 2023/10/17/11:03:30 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Redefining Rigor: Describing Quality Evaluation in Complex, Adaptive Settings AU - Preskill, Hallie AU - Lynn, Jewlya T2 - FSG AB - Traditionally, evaluation has focused on understanding whether a program is making progress against pre-determined indicators. In this context, the quality of the evaluation is often measured in part by the “rigor” of the methods and scientific inquiry. DA - 2016/02/01/T10:11:54-05:00 PY - 2016 LA - en ST - Redefining Rigor UR - https://www.fsg.org/blog/redefining-rigor-describing-quality-evaluation-complex-adaptive-settings Y2 - 2021/11/09/12:25:49 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Women and power: overcoming barriers to leadership ODI women and power coverand influence AB - ODI have just wrapped up an excellent two year project on ‘Women and power: overcoming barriers to leadership and influence’ with a final synthesis report that is well worth reading. It’s an intell... DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 PB - ODI ST - Women and Power UR - http://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/women-and-power-final-report-of-excellent-research-project-top-recommendations-for-aid-agencies/ Y2 - 2016/04/22/14:13:47 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Moving Targets, Widening Nets: monitoring incremental and adaptive change in an Empowerment and Accountability programme. The experience of the State Accountability and Voice Initiative in Nigeria AU - Derbyshire, Helen AU - Barr, Julian AU - Fraser, Steve AU - Mwamba, Wilf DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 PB - DFID UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/resource/moving-targets-widening-nets-monitoring-incremental-adaptive-change-empowerment-accountability-programme/ Y2 - 2016/07/27/09:45:23 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Transforming governance: what role for technologies? AU - Edwards, Duncan AU - Brock, Karen AU - McGee, Rosie AB - The technological innovations of the last two decades – cell phones, tablets, open data and social media – mean that governments and citizens can interact like never before. Around the world, in different contexts, citizens have fast-increasing access to information and communications technologies (ICTs) that enable them to monitor government performance and express their views on it in real time. In February 2016, a learning event in Manila, convened by Making All Voices Count, brought together 55 researchers and practitioners from 15 countries. They all work on using new technologies for accountable governance. They shared their diverse experiences, reflected on how they approach transformative governance, and visited Filipino accountable governance initiatives. This report shares some of what they learned. DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - MAVC ST - Transforming governance UR - http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11675 Y2 - 2016/07/20/08:41:21 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - What is impact? AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Anne, Buffardi AB - • Impact is a multi-dimensional concept. Some definitions focus on very precise understandings of impact, while others cast a much broader net. • How impact is defined and used has a significant effect on the design, management and evaluation of development programmes. • Development programmes should hold explicit conversations with different stakeholders about how impact is used and understood, in order to come to a shared understanding. • There are six dimensions of impact that may help development programmes be clearer about what they mean. DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10352.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Politically smart approaches to donor investment climate programming. A Guidance Note AU - LASER T2 - Synthesis Paper, 1 AB - In order to help enhance the effectiveness of donors and development practitioners on the ground, LASER has produced a range of practical guidance and tools. These are primarily intended for the international development community engaged in designing and implementing investment climate programmes, though can also be used more widely by other stakeholders across sectors. General guidance and tools: Politically smart approaches to donor investment climate programming (and annexes) Revised February 2016 - sets out practical advice on how to adopt a politically smart (which requires being both ‘politically informed’ and ‘politically astute’) approach to programming. The annexes include a traffic light matrix for initial high level analysis; a problem diary template with examples; and an example of a flexible theory of change for adaptive, large scale programming DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://laserdev.org/resources/practical-guidance-and-tools/ KW - Practice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Participatory Statistics to Examine the Impact of Interventions to Eradicate Slavery: Lessons from the Field AU - Oosterhoff, P. AU - Bharadwaj, S. AU - Burns, D. AU - Raj, A. M. AU - Nanda, R. B. AU - Narayanan, P. AB - This CDI Practice Paper by Pauline Oosterhoff, Sowmyaa Bharadwaj, Danny Burns, Aruna Mohan Raj, Rituu B. Nanda and Pradeep Narayanan reflects on the use of participatory statistics to assess the impact of interventions to eradicate slavery and bonded labour. It deals with: (1) the challenges of estimating changes in the magnitude of various forms of slavery; (2) the potential of combining participatory approaches with statistical principles to generate robust data for assessing impact of slavery eradication; and (3) the practical and ethical questions in relation to working with people living within a context of modern slavery. The paper draws lessons from the realities of using participatory statistics to support the evaluation of a slavery eradication programme in North India. DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en ST - Using Participatory Statistics to Examine the Impact of Interventions to Eradicate Slavery UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/9582 Y2 - 2020/10/15/14:42:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How to design a monitoring and evaluation framework for a policy research project AU - Pasanen, Tiina AU - Shaxson, Louise AB - Policy research projects face a number of challenges: policy processes are complex, involve multiple actors and often feature a significant time-lag between research and what may or may not happen as a result of it. To complicate matters further, the scope and scale of policy research projects are increasingly moving away from single research studies towards multi-component, multi-site and multi-sector endeavours. These factors mean that developing an overarching monitoring and evaluation framework can be challenging. But it is not impossible. The guidance note aims to support the first steps in designing and structuring the M&E framework (that is, what aspects or areas of policy research projects to monitor and evaluate, why, when and how). It builds on an M&E framework for policy research projects developed and tested by the Research and Policy in Development (RAPID) programme of the Overseas Development Institute, and draws on case studies of how it has been used by RAPID and other research teams. DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 SP - 40 M3 - Working and Discussion Papers PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10259.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bridging the Gap: Synthesising Evidence from Secondary Quantitative and Primary Qualitative Data AU - Roelen, Keetie T2 - CDI Practice Paper DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 PB - IDS SN - 15 UR - http://cdimpact.org/blog/%E2%80%98your-story%E2%80%99-versus-%E2%80%98my-story%E2%80%99-finding-truth-disagreement Y2 - 2016/05/12/10:46:20 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Balancing Inclusiveness, Rigour and Feasibility: Insights from Participatory Impact Evaluations in Ghana and Vietnam AU - van Hemelrijck, Adinda AU - Guijt, Irene T2 - Practice Paper AB - This paper by Adinda Van Hemelrijck and Irene Guijt explores how impact evaluation can live up to standards broader than statistical rigour in ways that address challenges of complexity and enable stakeholders to engage meaningfully. A Participatory Impact Assessment and Learning Approach (PIALA) was piloted to assess and debate the impacts on rural poverty of two government programmes in Vietnam and Ghana funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). We discuss the trade-offs between rigour, inclusiveness and feasibility encountered in these two pilots. Trade-offs occur in every impact evaluation aiming for more than reductionist rigour, but the pilots suggest that they can be reduced by building sufficient research and learning capacity. CY - Brighton DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 PB - CDI UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/8888/CDI_PracticePaper_14.pdf?sequence=1 Y2 - 2019/03/12/16:52:38 ER - TY - RPRT TI - From principle to practice: Implementing the Principles for Digital Development AU - Waugaman, Adele AB - The Principles for Digital Development (download PDF here) find their roots in the efforts of individuals, development organizations, and donors alike who have called for a more concerted effort by donors and implementing partners to institutionalize lessons learned in the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in development projects. DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 UR - http://digitalprinciples.org/from-principle-to-practice Y2 - 2016/05/11/11:07:17 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Opening Governance: What have we learned and how do we translate into better practice? AU - Halloran, Brendan T2 - Politics, Governance and Development AB - In their introductory essay to the recent IDS Bulletin on Opening Governance (the entire issue is open access), Duncan Edwards and Rosie McGee critically appraise developments in the open governmen… DA - 2016/01/25/T08:59:53+00:00 PY - 2016 ST - Opening Governance UR - https://politicsgovernancedevelopment.wordpress.com/2016/01/25/opening-governance-what-have-we-learned-and-how-to-we-translate-to-better-practice/ Y2 - 2016/04/27/17:28:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - When Does the State Listen? AU - Loureiro, Miguel AU - Cassim, Aalia AU - Darko, Terence AU - Katera, Lucas AU - Salome, Nyambura T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2016/01/14/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.106 DP - CrossRef VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 55 EP - 67 SN - 02655012 UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/36 Y2 - 2016/07/14/10:49:37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction: Opening Governance – Change, Continuity and Conceptual Ambiguity AU - McGee, Rosie AU - Edwards, Duncan T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2016/01/14/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.103 DP - CrossRef VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 21 SN - 02655012 ST - Introduction UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/32 Y2 - 2016/07/14/10:50:46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ‘You Have to Raise a Fist!’: Seeing and Speaking to the State in South Africa AU - Mills, Elizabeth T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2016/01/14/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.107 DP - CrossRef VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 81 SN - 02655012 ST - ‘You Have to Raise a Fist!’ UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/37 Y2 - 2016/07/14/10:53:26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - When Does ICT-Enabled Citizen Voice Lead to Government Responsiveness? AU - Peixoto, Tiago AU - Fox, Jonathan T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2016/01/14/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.104 DP - CrossRef VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 39 SN - 02655012 UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/34 Y2 - 2016/07/14/10:50:31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Test It and They Might Come: Improving the Uptake of Digital Tools in Transparency and Accountability Initiatives AU - Wilson, Christopher AU - de Lanerolle, Indra T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2016/01/14/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.110 DP - CrossRef VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 113 EP - 126 SN - 02655012 ST - Test It and They Might Come UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/40 Y2 - 2016/07/14/10:51:27 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - How ICT4D Research Fails the Poor AU - Harris, Roger W. T2 - Information Technology for Development AB - Research can improve development policies and practices and funders increasingly require evidence of such socioeconomic impact from their investments. This article questions whether information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) research conforms to the requirements for achieving socioeconomic impact. We report on a literature review of the impact of research in international development and a survey of ICT4D researchers who assessed the extent to which they follow practices for achieving socioeconomic impact. The findings suggest that while ICT4D researchers are interested in influencing both practice and policy, they are less inclined toward the activities that would make this happen, especially engaging with users of their research and communicating their findings to a wider audience. Their institutions do not provide incentives for researchers to adopt these practices. ICT4D researchers and their institutions should engage more closely with the users of their research through more and better communications with the public, especially through the use of information and communication technologies. DA - 2016/01/02/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1080/02681102.2015.1018115 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 177 EP - 192 SN - 0268-1102 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2015.1018115 Y2 - 2016/11/03/10:33:44 KW - ICT4D KW - Policy making KW - Practice KW - Research KW - impact ER - TY - JOUR TI - Collaborative Overload AU - Cross, Rob AU - Rebele, Reb AU - Grant, Adam T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - Too much teamwork exhausts employees and saps productivity. Here’s how to avoid it. DA - 2016/01/01/ PY - 2016 VL - 2016 IS - 1 UR - https://hbr.org/2016/01/collaborative-overload Y2 - 2016/09/29/13:20:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making politics work for development: harnessing transparency and citizen engagement AU - Khemani, Stuti AU - Ferraz, Claudio AU - Finan, Frederico S. AU - Johnson, Stephenson AU - Louise, Corinne AU - Abrahams, Scott David AU - Odugbemi, Adesinaola Michael AU - Dal Bó, Ernesto AU - Thapa, Dikshya T2 - Policy Research Report AB - Too often, government leaders fail to adopt and implement policies that they know are necessary for sustained economic development. They are encumbered by adverse political incentives, which prevent them from selecting good policies, and they run the risk of losing office should they try to do the right thing. Even when technically sound policies are selected by leaders, implementation can run into perverse behavioral norms among public officials and citizens, who seek to extract private benefits from the public sector. Such behavior might be supported by widespread beliefs that corruption is the norm. Even countries with low corruption and strong institutions experience problems of political incentives and behavior that prevent the public sector from solving shared problems. Ideological polarization among citizens and capture by special interests can lead to policy gridlock and the failure of the state to provide public goods, even in advanced economies. Even educated citizens can hold ideological beliefs about the role of public policy that lead them to deny technical evidence contrary to these beliefs. Too often, government leaders fail to adopt and implement policies that they know are necessary for sustained economic development. Political constraints can prevent leaders from following sound technical advice, even when leaders have the best of intentions. Making Politics Work for Development: Harnessing Transparency and Citizen Engagement focuses on two forces—citizen engagement and transparency—that hold the key to solving government failures by shaping how political markets function. In today’s participative world, citizens are not only queueing at voting booths, but are also taking to the streets and using modern communication technology to select, sanction, and pressure the leaders who wield power within government. This political engagement can function in highly nuanced ways even within the same formal institutional context and across the political spectrum, from autocracies to democracies. Political engagement becomes unhealthy when leaders are selected and sanctioned on the basis of their provision of private benefits rather than public goods, giving rise to a range of government failures. The solutions to these failures lie in fostering healthy political engagement within any institutional context, and not in circumventing or suppressing it. Transparency—citizen access to publicly available information about the actions of those in government and the consequences of these actions—can play a crucial role by nourishing political engagement. The report distills policy lessons for governments, international development partners, and civil society on how best to target transparency initiatives so that the provision of public goods becomes the focus of political contestation. Even so, unhealthy political engagement may persist. But to build institutions that are capable of tackling public goods problems, politics needs to be addressed and cannot be side-stepped. Targeted transparency is one way to move in the right direction: it complements everything else policy makers do and holds the potential to make politics work for development rather than against it. " This pathbreaking report places politics at the heart of the development dialogue—exactly where it belongs. It provides constructive ideas for harnessing the forces of transparency and citizen engagement in ways that are suited to diverse institutional contexts so that reform leaders can overcome political constraints to their countries’ development goals. " Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Director of Research, Development Research Group, The World Bank "This book not only provides an authoritative statement of what we know about how to align political incentives with the interests of society, but it does so with an eye to making change happen even in the face of political opposition. The World Bank will never be the same again. " James Robinson, University Professor, Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago " A lesson for us at the World Bank also comes out of this research. We can do more…to work with our clients to diminish political constraints to achieving development goals…To do this we have to overcome the fear of talking about politics, and confront it as part of the challenge of development. That is what we are doing through this report. " Kaushik Basu, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, The World Bank DA - 2016/01/01/00:33:02 PY - 2016 DP - documents.worldbank.org SP - 1 EP - 281 LA - en PB - The World Bank SN - 106337 ST - Making politics work for development UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/06/26480682/making-politics-work-development-harnessing-transparency-citizen-engagement Y2 - 2016/07/07/10:44:34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring ways to reconcile accountability and learning in the evaluation of niche experiments AU - Regeer, Barbara J. AU - de Wildt-Liesveld, Renée AU - van Mierlo, Barbara AU - Bunders, Joske F. G. T2 - Evaluation AB - While evaluation is seen as a mechanism for both accountability and learning, it is not self-evident that the evaluation of niche experiments focuses on both accountability and learning at the same time. Tensions exist between the accountability-oriented needs of funders and the learning needs of managers of niche experiments. This article explores the differences in needs and expectations of funders and managers in terms of upwards, downwards and internal accountability. The article shows that as the multi-stakeholder contexts in which niche experiments take place give rise to various requirements, tensions in evaluation are essentially a specific manifestation of tensions between niche experiments and their multiple contexts. Based on our findings, an adjusted accountability framework is proposed, including several strategies that can reconcile a learning approach with accountability needs in niche experiments aiming to change current practices in a more sustainable direction. DA - 2016/01/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1177/1356389015623659 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 6 EP - 28 J2 - Evaluation LA - en SN - 1356-3890 UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1356389015623659 ER - TY - RPRT TI - From political economy analysis to doing development differently: a learning experience AU - Booth, David AU - Harris, Daniel AU - Wild, Leni AB - A study of how development efforts can be strengthened by an awareness of political economy, reflecting on the experiences of PoGo policy researchers. CY - London DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - ODI ST - From political economy analysis to doing development differently UR - http://www.odi.org/publications/10235-political-economy-analysis-doing-development-differently Y2 - 2019/06/10/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using Research Evidence - A practice guide AU - Breckon, Jonathan CY - London DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DP - Google Scholar PB - Alliance for Useful Evidence UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/using_evidence_what_works.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/04/18:25:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Getting good at disruption in an uncertain world: Insights from Southern NGO leaders AU - Buckley, Lila AU - Ward, Halina CY - London DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - International Institute for Environment and Development UR - http://pubs.iied.org/11505IIED Y2 - 2017/02/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and Working Politically: from theory building to building an evidence base AU - Dasandi, Niheer AU - Marquette, Heather AU - Robinson, Mark T2 - Research Paper AB - This paper discusses the steps required to build a robust evidence base for 'thinking and working politically' (TWP) in development. It argues that better understanding what works, when and why is an important step in moving TWP into mainstream development programming. The paper reviews the existing evidence base on TWP, building on this and on other literature on public sector reform and 'pockets of effectiveness' to suggest research questions, case study selection criteria, and a four-level analytical framework: 1) political context; 2) sector; 3) organisation; and 4) individual. The framework aims to help build a 'rigorous enough' evidence base to show whether and how TWP happens and whether or not it influences the effectiveness of programme implementation and outcomes. The paper also calls for more focus on gender issues, and on different – and often more fragile – political contexts. DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - DLP SN - 37 UR - http://www.dlprog.org/publications/thinking-and-working-politically-from-theory-building-to-building-an-evidence-base.php Y2 - 2016/07/19/16:28:16 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Everyday Political Analysis AU - Hudson, David AU - Marquette, Heather AU - Waldock, Sam AB - This short note introduces a stripped-back political analysis framework designed to help frontline development practitioners make quick but politically-informed decisions. It aims to complement more in-depth political analysis by helping programming staff to develop the 'craft' of political thinking in a way that fits their everyday working practices. Everyday Political Analysis involves two steps: Understanding interests: What makes people tick? Understanding change: What space and capacity do people have to effect change? For each step five questions, accompanied by prompts, aim to help staff to conduct quick political analysis. The EPA framework can be used at any stage of the aid management cycle, and can help users to respond rapidly to unexpected change. We are keen to hear back from people on their experience of using EPA to help us adapt the framework. Was it useful (or not)? Do people tend to use just one or both steps? Are there missing statements or prompts that would improve the analysis? Please email us at info [at] dlprog.org. CY - Birmingham DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - Developmental Leadership Program UR - http://publications.dlprog.org/EPA.pdf Y2 - 2017/02/06/11:41:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and working with political settlements AU - Kelsall, Tim AB - • In recent years, Political Settlements Analysis (PSA) has become increasingly influential in academic and policy circles • Despite its intuitive appeal, it seems difficult to use in practice • PSA has a natural affinity with Adaptive Development, Thinking and Working Politically, and Doing Development Differently approaches • By answering the simple diagnostic questions supplied here, development partners can identify the types of political settlements in which they work, and draw some broad operational implications DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 SP - 8 M3 - Briefing PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10185.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monday morning in Kigali: what do you do when you get off the plane? Practical guidance for PDIA practitioners AU - LASER T2 - Synthesis Paper, 1 AB - In order to help enhance the effectiveness of donors and development practitioners on the ground, LASER has produced a range of practical guidance and tools. These are primarily intended for the international development community engaged in designing and implementing investment climate programmes, though can also be used more widely by other stakeholders across sectors. General guidance and tools: Monday morning in Kigali January 2016 - what do you do when you get off the plane? Practical guidance for PDIA practitioners DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://www.laserdev.org/media/1151/monday-morning-in-kigali-updated-january-2016.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/07/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rethinking Rigor - Increasing Credibility and Use AU - Lynn, Jewlya AU - Preskill, Hallie AB - Evaluations of complex systems change strategies or adaptive, innovative programs cannot use the traditional “rigor” yardstick to measure quality. This paper proposes a new definition of rigor, one that applies in any setting, but particularly in complex, adaptive ones. Top Takeaways: 4 criteria for the new definition of rigor: - Quality of thinking - Credible and legitimate claims - Cultural context and responsiveness - Quality and value of the learning process Regardless of its other positive attributes, an evaluation of a complex, adaptive program that fails to take into account systems thinking will not be responsive to the needs of that program. DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - Spark Policy Institute & FSG UR - https://www.fsg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AEARigor_Handout_Logos.pdf Y2 - 2022/04/22/13:41:02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Case study: Embedding reform and exiting: LASER’s application of the hourglass approach to achieve sustainable results AU - Manuel, Clare AB - This case study describes how LASER has gone about enabling systemic change and sustainable uptake of reforms that address complex institutional problems in Kenya, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somaliland and Uganda. In each of these countries LASER has designed-in a sustainable approach from the start based on: (i) local ownership and leadership of reforms based on developing country (rather than donor) priorities; (ii) use of country (rather than donor programme) systems; and (iii) an understanding that the role of the donor / development practitioner is to support (rather than buy) reform. The case study uses LASER’s hour glass methodology, illustrated with examples from LASER interventions, to show how these principles guide LASER operations every step of the way. DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://www.laserdev.org/media/1172/laser-case-study-embedding-reform-and-exiting-final.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/07/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Innovating for pro-poor services: why politics matter AU - Mason, Nathaniel AU - Doczi, Julian AU - Cummings, Clare AB - This report addresses how politics matter for innovations. How politically smart approaches can help deliver access to services. DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 ST - Innovating for pro-poor services UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/10350-innovating-pro-poor-services-why-politics-matter Y2 - 2016/04/25/20:16:38 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Qualitative comparative analysis: A valuable approach to add to the evaluator’s toolbox? Lessons from recent applications AU - Schatz, Florian AU - Welle, Katharina T2 - CDI Practice Paper DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 PB - IDS SN - 13 UR - http://cdimpact.org/blog/qualitative-comparative-analysis-%E2%80%93-addition-evaluator%E2%80%99s-toolbox Y2 - 2016/05/12/10:41:57 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Summarising portfolio change: results frameworks at organisational level AU - Simister, Nigel T2 - M&E Paper 10 CY - Oxford DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 22 LA - en PB - Intrac ER - TY - ELEC TI - TWP CoP T2 - Thinking and Working Politically - Community of Practice DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 LA - en-US UR - https://twpcommunity.org/ Y2 - 2020/10/14/10:04:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adapting Aid: Lessons from six case studies AU - Algoso, Dave AU - Beloe, Jon AU - Hemberger, Alison AU - Hill, Philippa AU - Proud, Emma DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - MercyCorps & IRC KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Guide to Peer-to-Peer Learning AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Manning, Nick DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 32 LA - en PB - Effective Institutions Platform UR - https://www.effectiveinstitutions.org/media/The_EIP_P_to_P_Learning_Guide.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/01/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Iterative and Adaptive Work AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Woolcock, Michael T2 - CID Working Paper AB - Many of the challenges in international development are complex in nature. They involve many actors in uncertain contexts and with unclear solutions. Our work has proposed an approach to addressing such challenges, called Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA). This paper is the most recent in a series intended to show how one can do PDIA, building on the first paper, "Doing Problem Driven Work.” The current paper addresses a key part of the approach one moves to once a problem has been identified, performing real-time experimental iterations. This is intended as a practical paper that builds on experience and embeds exercises for readers who are actually involved in this kind of work. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 LA - eng PB - Center for International Development at Harvard University SN - 313 UR - https://bsc.cid.harvard.edu/files/bsc/files/adaptive_work_cd_wp_313.pdf Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leading Change Through Adaptive Design AU - Berstein, Maya AU - Linsky, Marty T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - By integrating two practices—design thinking and adaptive leadership—social innovators can manage projects in a way that’s both creatively confident and relentlessly realistic. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 VL - 14 IS - 1 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/leading_change_through_adaptive_design Y2 - 2017/02/19/17:04:53 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Social Return on Investment AU - Better evaluation T2 - Better Evaluation AB - Social Return on Investment (SROI) is a systematic way of incorporating social, environmental, economic and other values into decision-making processes. By helping reveal the economic value of social and environmental outcomes it creates a holistic perspective on whether a development project or social business or enterprise is beneficial and profitable. This perspective opens up new opportunities and forms the basis for innovative initiatives that genuinely contribute to positive social change and poverty reduction for all. SROI balances proving and improving or addresses the paradox between accountability and learning by placing the perspectives of the different stakeholders at the center of the valuation process. ​SROI originated in the USA from social enterprises interested in new ways to value the contributions they were making to society. It later arrived in Europe, where there is an increasing interest in the methodology as noted by recent publications by Context international cooperation in the Netherlands, the New Economics Foundation in the UK and the SROI Network head-quartered in the UK. SROI is used for planning purposes in terms of designing a Theory of Change, or Business Plan, and for assessing to what extent impact is realised or changes need to occur in the Business Plan. Although the SROI approach supports the thinking along the lines of a result chain, it does not support the idea of the components being connected in a linear fashion. The SROI approach is embedded in the acceptance of development taking place in situations of complexities. Here is a simple, illustrative example: A project aims to uplift the standard of living of people in a certain area and a beekeeping initiative is set up. As a result a beekeeper now enjoys regular meals whereas before this was not the case. In traditional Cost Benefit analyses, the value of the lunch would be measured in market prices. However after interviewing the beneficiaries, and applying some valuation tools, it turns out that the ‘real’ value is much higher than the market price; social value has been created above the market / economic value which is now being accounted for. Like traditional cost-benefit analysis, SROI includes a ratio; in this case a Social Return on Investment ratio. Where in traditional cost benefit analyses the ratios would be used to compare different projects, the SROI ratio is much more seen as one element in explaining and communicating general progress of certain developments. The number itself is not seen as the end goal. It can be interpreted as aiding the narrative of this particular initiative. The aspect of stakeholder perspectives is essential in the SROI approach. It is precisely the value perspectives of the stakeholders (and most importantly the key beneficiaries), assessed, not by assuming these values, but by thoughtfully and intellectually engaging the stakeholders themselves, which is at the heart of this innovative (e)valuation approach. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/approach/SROI Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Foresight and International Development* AU - Bingley, Kate T2 - IDS Bulletin AB - This article provides an overview of the use of foresight-type approaches and techniques in policy-related work in international development. It draws primarily on published and grey literatures, as well as select interviews with foresight practitioners. It begins with a brief introduction to the approaches and tools used in the field of strategic foresight, and then a broad mapping of the foresight landscape as relevant to international development. It provides reflections on the evidence of use and impact of foresight initiatives, and makes suggestions around future directions for foresight in international development. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.152 VL - 47 IS - 4 UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/2777/ONLINE%20ARTICLE Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive management: an overview of the concept and its practical application in the Scottish context AU - Blackstock, Kirsty AU - Brown, Katrina AU - Gimona, Alessandro AU - Prager, Katrin AU - Irvine, Justin DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en PB - The James Hutton Institute ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning for change in accountable governance programming AU - Brock, Karen AU - Shutt, Cathy AU - Ashlin, Alison T2 - MAVC Learning Review CY - Brighton DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Google Scholar PB - IDS UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12196 Y2 - 2016/10/14/10:02:17 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - The MSP Tool Guide: Sixty tools to facilitate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships AU - Brouwer, Herman AU - Brouwers, Jan AB - What is ‘The MSP Tool Guide’ all about? This compilation of 60 tools is an companion to The MSP Guide, the Wageningen University & Research CDI resource on how to design and facilitate effective multi-stakeholder partnerships. At the request of many readers we have compiled them into one document to enable easy storing and sharing. These tools are available in summarized version in the MSP Guide in Chapter 6. The detailed versions on how to use the tool, and when to use it, are available on the portal www.mspguide.org/tools-and-methods. The content of this portal is compiled in this Tool Guide. CY - Wageningen DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - CDI, Wageningen University and Research SN - 978-1-85339-965-7 978-1-78044-669-1 ST - The MSP Guide UR - https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780446691 Y2 - 2023/02/09/11:55:58 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The MSP Guide: How to Design and Facilitate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships AU - Brouwer, Herman AU - Woodhill, Jim AU - Hemmati, Minu AU - Verhoosel, Karèn AU - van Vugt, Simone AB - In recent years, multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) have become popular for tackling the complex challenges of sustainable development. This guide provides a practical framework for the design and facilitation of these collaborative processes that work across the boundaries of business, government, civil society and science. The guide links the underlying rationale for multistakeholder partnerships, with a clear four phase process model, a set of seven core principles, key ideas for facilitation and 60 participatory tools for analysis, planning and decision making. The guide has been written for those directly involved in MSPs – as a stakeholder, leader, facilitator or funder – to provide both the conceptual foundations and practical tools that underpin successful partnerships. What’s inside draws on the direct experience of staff from the Wageningen Centre of Development Innovation (WCDI), at Wageningen University & Research, in supporting MSP processes in many countries around the world. The guide also compiles the ideas and materials behind WCDI’s annual three week international course on facilitating MSPs and social learning. This work has been inspired by the motivation and passion that comes when people dare to “walk in each other’s shoes” to find new paths toward shared ambitions for the future. DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 978-1-85339-965-7 978-1-78044-669-1 ST - The MSP Guide UR - https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780446691 Y2 - 2023/02/09/11:55:58 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Participation by All - The keys to sustainability of a CRS food security project in Niger AU - Cekan, Jindra AU - Kagendo, Rutere AU - Towns, Alexandra AB - This project that ran from 2006-2012 in Niger and was implemented by three NGOs: CRS, Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), and Helen Keller International (HKI) under the direction of United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Food for Peace (FFP) as a multi-year assistance program (MYAP) to support food security activities in the Dosso, Tahoua, and Zinder regions. PROSAN focused on increasing agricultural production and agro-enterprise, improving household health and nutrition status, reinforcing the capacities of health agents, and enhancing community resiliency. Here are the highlights from the report which itself is an excerpt from a longer analysis we did. Also please note one Annex highlights the similarlties/ differences we found to USAID/ FFP’s 4 elements of sustainability: AIM, METHODS, AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS The aim of this sustainability evaluation was to explore perceptions of sustainability from Nigeriens involved in PROSAN, former CRS staff and donors. It focused on evaluating participants’ adherence to project outcomes and their creation of new innovations. It also evaluated partners’ involvement in sustaining project outcomes. This evaluation used qualitative and quantitative methods including community mapping, focus group discussions, beneficiary interviews, and key stakeholder interviews. The evaluation was carried out in six communities in the Dosso region, with more than 500 interviewees, focusing on the following research questions: Sustainability of activities and groups: Are the communities sustaining the activities three to five years after the end of the project? What can we learn from the communities and their post-project implementation partners? Spread and unexpected outcomes: If the project was considered a success in the eyes of the community, how well did it spread? Fostering Sustainability: What are the long-term prospects for continued sustainability? FINDINGS Three years after PROSAN’s conclusion, the project was considered a success by community members, national partners, the implementer (CRS), and donor (USAID) staff. The main findings include: 1. SUSTAINABILITY OF ACTIVITIES AND GROUPS Eighty percent (80%)[*] of all activities were reported to have become self-sustained and community innovations have emerged: On average, households reported moving from being food secure for 3-6 months per year during PROSAN to 8-12 months at the time of this evaluation, which is a remarkable impact [1]. CRS_Niger_PROSAN_Sustainability_Evaluation_pdf [1] Women reported greater income through the increase in sales of food that was produced and processed due to the grain mills [1]. Respondents also reported improved household health, hygiene, and nutrition, with 91% of survey respondents indicating that their health and sense of well being had improved, especially through the efforts of the health posts and clinics that CRS helped build and the government of Niger’s efforts in sustaining them with resources and staff [1]. Community groups/committees have continued and are well-supported by NGO partners: 81% of the committees set up by PROSAN were functioning at the time of this evaluation, with many participants discussing ways to sustain best practices within their communities, and members still receiving regular trainings or updates [1]. Several new and refresher trainings come through national partners, NGOs, and new channels such as radio programs [1]. Some new NGOs and international organizations have built upon PROSAN’s success, for instance, by using land previously managed by PROSAN for a new vegetable gardening training program, building hygiene programs on past health awareness efforts, or extending agricultural credit for further inputs [1]. Twenty percent (20%) of implemented activities were not sustained or have stagnated: While hygiene practices were sustained by households and there was widespread latrine construction, sanitation was poor in the villages, and most latrines had fallen into disrepair [1]. Fewer than 50% of women reported practicing exclusive breastfeeding for children less than six months of age [1]. While almost half of all health committees no longer exist, new health clinics staff have replaced some of the work of the committees with health and agricultural promotion messages now being sent via radio, television, and cell phones [1]. Literacy training and theater groups have completely ceased [1]. With the exception of the Système Communautaire d’Alerte Précoce-Réponses aux Urgences’ (SCAP-RU) SCAP-RU early warning system which has expanded, other resilience activities such as roadwork and caring for the environment are a lesser priority due in part to the lack of food and cash-incentives to continue doing them [1]. 2. SPREAD AND UNEXPECTED OUTCOMES New innovations and ceased activities reflected the project’s legacy: Community innovations have emerged such as collective funds paying for cleaners of the new health center, community-imposed sanctions for births occurring outside of the health centers, and the monitoring of savings from well water sales. National partners have praised the project, with many lamenting its withdrawal. One non-PROSAN village told an Agriculture Ministry staff and potential NGO partner that “No one should bring a program here unless it is like PROSAN.” PROSAN-trained masons, well repair technicians, and village youth have learned land recuperation techniques (zai holes, bunds and demi-lunes) that helped generate income beyond project communities. Project activities that received free inputs have largely stopped being implemented once the incentives were withdrawn such as Food for Training (FFT), Food for Work (FFW), or Cash for Work (CFW) (e.g. literacy, seedlings, latrines, theater etc.); nonetheless the inputs were highly valued and have continued to support agriculture and health (carts, bicycles). 3. FOSTERING SUSTAINABILITY The following areas were identified as potential barriers to sustainability that could be systematically explored in other projects: Although most committees are still functioning, there are no processes in place to engage and train youth and new inhabitants of the villages. While village communities have been maintained, there is an increasing lack of ministry resources (e.g., staff, transportation, and communications) to take the place of NGOs like CRS after a program ends. There is little management of knowledge around project data, which is further exacerbated by staff changes in NGOs, government ministries, and donors. Project data (proposal content, monitoring data, evaluation results, participant lists, partner names, and exit agreements) must be managed ethically, locally and be held online, accessible for future projects to use and for villages to conduct self-evaluations. CY - Baltimore, USA DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Valuing Voices UR - https://www.crs.org/sites/default/files/tools-research/participation-by-all.pdf Y2 - 2023/08/14/07:14:53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Governance of Climate Change Adaptation Through Urban Policy Experiments AU - Chu, Eric K. T2 - Environmental Policy and Governance AB - Climate change is increasingly posing risks to infrastructure and public services in cities across the global South. Building on ideas of policy experimentation at the nexus of institutional and transition theories, this paper assesses six climate change adaptation experiments across the cities of Surat, Indore and Bhubaneswar in India to uncover the politics behind how experiments are conceived of, implemented, and supported in light of local development needs. Through employing both embedded and cross-case comparative methods, I argue that policy experiments are often framed around achieving tangible urban economic benefits and maximizing specific project complementarities, which allow emerging adaptation priorities access to established policy directives and funding streams. However, I conclude that despite being arenas for testing new ideas, quantifying climate and development co-benefits, and engaging private and civil society actors, adaptation policy experiments must be coherent with urban political economic contexts in order for them to affect sustained, equitable and transformative programmatic change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1002/eet.1727 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 439 EP - 451 LA - en SN - 1756-9338 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1727 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:22:01 KW - Climate change adaptation KW - India KW - Policy experiments KW - urban governance KW - urban planning ER - TY - RPRT TI - Civic Technologies as tools for change: Is balance between online and offline actions a necessary condition for achieving social change through civic innovation? AU - Civic Innovation Accelerator Fund T2 - Evaluation Report CY - Miami DA - 2016//11/de abril de PY - 2016 PB - Fundación Avina & Omidyar Network ST - Civic Technologies as tools for change UR - https://appcivico.net/2016/04/11/the-avina-omidyar-civic-innovation-accelerator-fund-shares-its-lessons-learned Y2 - 2016/04/18/11:26:39 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Scaling up - From Vision to Large-Scale Change - A Management Framework for Practitioners AU - Cooley, Larry AU - Kohl, Richard AU - Ved, Rajani R. AB - This document was originally published in 2006 and re-issued in a substantially revised Second Edition in 2012. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - MSI UR - https://www.msiworldwide.com/additional-resources/msi-scaling-framework Y2 - 2022/06/10/13:42:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning Evaluation Theory: Brinkerhoff’s Success Case Method AU - Downes, Andrew AB - Brinkerhoff’s model isn’t restricted to learning. It can be used to analyze any major business change, such as the purchase of new equipment or implementation of a new process. It’s based on the assumption that any initiative, no matter how successful or unsuccessful, will always include some success and some failure. It seeks to uncover the most impactful successes and failures of an initiative and then tell the stories behind them, backed by evidence. Your organization can use these stories to learn how to be more successful in the future. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 SP - 4 PB - Watershed UR - https://www.watershedlrs.com/hubfs/DOCUMENTS/Learning_Evaluation_Brinkerhoff_.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring the Barriers to Big Data for Development: design-reality gap analysis AU - Fernando Gomez, L. AU - Heeks, R. T2 - Manchester University Development Informatics Working Paper Series DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 VL - 62 UR - http://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/di/di_wp62.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond Participation and Accountability: Theorizing Representation in Local Democracy AU - Fischer, Harry W. T2 - World Development AB - Recent decades have seen growing emphasis on enhancing public participation and accountability in governance processes. Yet the valence of these discussions has focused almost entirely on the character of citizen engagement itself, with little attention to the ways in which citizens’ agency is constituted in relation to changing forms of public authority. In this paper, I advance a theoretical account of political representation, a concept that is central to analysis of democracy, but which has seen only limited attention in the scholarship on democratic decentralization. I draw on two contrasting models—selection and sanction—to elaborate an understanding of representation that recognizes both mechanisms that enable citizens to hold their leaders to account as well as the character of leaders’ own intrinsic motivations. Through a qualitative account of three decades’ political change from a locality in the Indian Himalayas, I document a gradual process of institutional and social change that has enabled a new generation of more diverse elected leaders to ascend to positions of elected authority, including many from historically marginalized sections of society. By examining the experiences of three such individuals in detail, I demonstrate the importance of understanding who leaders are and what they do—their skills and aspirations, their identity and affiliations, and the kinds of representative relationships that they embody. Placing the selection and sanction models in dialog reveals new and productive avenues to explore the interplay between external incentive structures and leaders’ intrinsic motivations in shaping broader process of political change. DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.05.003 DP - Crossref VL - 86 SP - 111 EP - 122 LA - en SN - 0305750X ST - Beyond Participation and Accountability UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X15307919 Y2 - 2018/07/26/14:54:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand; or, the Planning Fallacy Writ Large AU - Flyvbjerg, Bent AU - Sunstein, Cass R. T2 - Soocial Research AB - We identify and document a new principle of economic behavior: the principle of the Malevolent Hiding Hand. In a famous discussion, Albert Hirschman celebrated the Hiding Hand, which he saw as a benevolent mechanism by which unrealistically optimistic planners embark on unexpectedly challenging plans, only to be rescued by human ingenuity, which they could not anticipate, but which ultimately led to success, principally in the form of unexpectedly high net benefits. Studying eleven projects, Hirschman suggested that the Hiding Hand is a general phenomenon. But the Benevolent Hiding Hand has an evil twin, the Malevolent Hiding Hand, which blinds excessively optimistic planners not only to unexpectedly high costs but also to unexpectedly low net benefits. Studying a much larger sample than Hirschman did, we find that the Malevolent Hiding Hand is common and that the phenomenon that Hirschman identified is rare. This sobering finding suggests that Hirschman’s phenomenon is a special case; it attests to the pervasiveness of the planning fallacy, writ very large. One implication involves the continuing need to de-bias decisions and decision support tools like cost-benefit analysis; another is that accountability for decision makers, planners, and forecasters is required for such de-biasing to be effective and lasting. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - papers.ssrn.com VL - 83 IS - 4 SP - 979 EP - 1004 LA - en UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2654423 Y2 - 2019/03/12/15:26:38 KW - Behavioral economics KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Hiding hand KW - Planning fallacy ER - TY - RPRT TI - Connecting the Dots for Accountability: Civil Society Policy Monitoring and Advocacy Strategies AU - Fox, Jonathan AU - Halloran, Brendan CY - London DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - DataCite PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative ST - Connecting the Dots for Accountability UR - http://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/connecting-dots-accountability Y2 - 2016/04/05/15:05:24 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Re-imagining Inclusive Urban Futures for Transformation AU - Friend, Richard M AU - Anwar, Nausheen H AU - Dixit, Ajaya AU - Hutanuwatr, Khanin AU - Jayaraman, Thiagarajan AU - McGregor, J Allister AU - Menon, Meena R AU - Moench, Marcus AU - Pelling, Mark AU - Roberts, Debra T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2016.06.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 20 SP - 67 EP - 72 LA - en SN - 18773435 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877343516300409 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:11:23 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing Innovation Potential for Social Impact: Overview for Social Sector Leaders AU - Global Knowledge Initiative DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 SP - 26 UR - http://globalknowledgeinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/AIIP-Toolset-Overview-With-Tools_GKI-FINAL.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Open Policy Making toolkit AU - gov.uk AB - This manual includes information about Open Policy Making as well as the tools and techniques policy makers can use to create more open and user led policy. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.gov.uk/guidance/open-policy-making-toolkit Y2 - 2016/05/11/11:05:10 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Open Policy Making toolkit - Low cost tools AU - GOV.UK DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.gov.uk/guidance/open-policy-making-toolkit/low-cost-tools Y2 - 2016/04/17/15:06:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Information Technology and Political Engagement: Mixed Evidence from Uganda AU - Grossman, Guy DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 ST - Information Technology and Political Engagement ER - TY - BOOK TI - Monitoreo ciudadano en México: Participación ciudadana para mejorar la provisión de servicios públicos AU - Hevia, Felipe AB - Existe un amplio consenso sobre la importancia de los sistemas de monitoreo y evaluación para la mejora de políticas, programas y servicios públicos. Sin embargo, en la literatura especializada sorprende el escaso interés por analizar un tipo CY - Ciudad de México DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - www.academia.edu PB - CIDE SN - 978-607-9367-82-4 ST - Libro UR - https://www.academia.edu/27473432/Libro_Monitoreo_ciudadano_en_M%C3%A9xico_Participaci%C3%B3n_ciudadana_para_mejorar_la_provisi%C3%B3n_de_servicios_p%C3%BAblicos Y2 - 2016/08/08/09:41:03 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Introduction to International Futures AU - International Futures at the Pardee Center T2 - International Futures Help System AB - INTERNATIONAL FUTURES HELP SYSTEM Introduction to IFs Purposes Visual Representation of IFs Issues and Modules Quick Survey of IFs Issues and Modules IFs Background IFs Geographic Representation of the World IFs Time Horizon Instructional Use Acknowledgements Feedback Support for IFs Use Development Mode Features DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - https://www.du.edu/ifs/help/intro/index.html Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Value for Investment. A Practical Evaluation Theory AU - King, Julian AB - I am a public policy consultant from Auckland, New Zealand. My practice specializes in evaluation and economic analysis. In this booklet I set out a model for evaluating value for investment (VFI) in social programs. The model defines VFI as an evaluative question about an economic problem. It uses explicit evaluative reasoning to provide a clear answer to the VFI question. Methods are matched to context, to provide the specific mix of evidence (economic and/or other) needed to support a wellreasoned, well-evidenced evaluative judgment. CY - Auckland DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Kinnect Group UR - http://www.julianking.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/160527-VFI-jk8-web.pdf Y2 - 2023/09/28/10:07:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reciprocity in International Volunteer Cooperation AU - Lough, Benjamin J. CY - Oslo DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Google Scholar PB - Fredskorpset Norway UR - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Benjamin_Lough/publication/296845227_Reciprocity_in_International_Volunteer_Cooperation/links/56efaae708aed17d09f87fd3.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/07/14:19:46 ER - TY - GEN TI - Adaptive Management Self-assessment tool AU - mercy Corps AB - The Adaptive Management self-assessment tool has been designed to help teams assess the extent to which they have a supportive environment for adaptive management within their country program. The self-assessment tool helps you think about five different areas that have been identified as important for supporting adaptive management: 1. Culture & leadership 2. Dynamic teams 3. Appropriate analysis 4. Responsive implementation & operations 5. Enabling environment (for example donor funding and relationships) DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Mercy Corps UR - https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/ADAPT_Self_Assessment.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - (Mis)communicating climate change? Why online adaptation databases may fail to catalyze adaptation action AU - Mitchell, Carrie L. AU - Burch, Sarah L. AU - Driscoll, Patrick A. T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change AB - Over the last decade a plethora of action-oriented research projects has been conducted in developing countries, exploring how to effectively adapt to the anticipated impacts of climate change. Many intergovernmental agencies and development organizations have chosen to disseminate their research results via online databases. It is unclear, however, whether these databases are useful in terms of actual adaptation planning and implementation. A systematic review of online databases has found at least 64 databases and tools online related to climate change adaptation. Despite the abundance of databases, this analysis reveals that the existing body of online databases generally lack the structure and mechanics to identify, extract, and synthesize both effective and ineffective climate change adaptation practices, projects, programs, and policies. Even relatively basic information, such as identification of projects’ projected versus actual costs is absent, which are crucial decision-making criteria particularly in developing country contexts where resource constraints are significant. In this paper we evaluate these online tools with a focus on identifying features that potentially could contribute to knowledge sharing and successful exchange of climate change adaptation projects and practices within a developing country context. We conclude the paper with recommendations for how to improve efforts to communicate climate change research, such as more nuanced needs assessments of potential users of databases. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:600–613. doi: 10.1002/wcc.401 This article is categorized under: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1002/wcc.401 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 600 EP - 613 LA - en SN - 1757-7799 ST - (Mis)communicating climate change? UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wcc.401 Y2 - 2019/05/02/18:08:02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - More than just luck: Innovation in humanitarian action AU - Obrecht, Alice AU - Warner, Alexandra T. AB - In South Sudan, a new water treatment system that provides a community with more clean water at a lower cost. In Sierra Leone, a poster explaining how to prevent the... CY - London DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Humanitarian Innovation Fund UR - http://www.elrha.org/news/more-than-just-luck/ Y2 - 2016/06/02/16:29:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DAC - Mid-term Peer Review of Switzaerland - 2016 AU - OECD DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Crossref LA - en PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd.org/dac/peer-reviews/Mid-Term-Review-Switzerland-2016.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/06/13:11:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Holistic Approach to Evaluating Research AU - Ofir, Zenda AU - Schwandt, Thomas AU - Duggan, Colleen AU - McLean, Robert DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 28 LA - en PB - IDRC UR - https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/sp/Documents%20EN/Research-Quality-Plus-A-Holistic-Approach-to-Evaluating-Research.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Winners and Losers in the Global App Economy AU - Pon, Bryan DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - http://cariboudigital.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Caribou-Digital-Winners-and-Losers-in-the-Global-App-Economy-2016.pdf Y2 - 2016/04/20/10:53:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - All about behaviour: KAPE, Adaptation and ' Sticky' Institutional Change AU - Power, Greg T2 - Politically Agile Programming AB - This paper describes Global Partners Governance’s (GPG’s) approach to institutional reform and political change. Developed over the last decade of working in some of the most complex and sensitive political environments with politicians and officials in parliaments, political parties, ministries and local government, it describes the KAPE® (knowledge-application-practice-effect) methodology that we adopt to get ‘sticky’ institutional and behavioural change. Contents 1) Two dimensions of ‘adaptive programmes’: Flexible delivery and getting behaviour change 2) Enabling Change: KAPE and The Logic of Institutional Reform (Knowledge-Application-Practice-Effect) - K: Knowledge – Defining the problem and what to do about it - A: Application – Making Systems Work in Practice - P: Practice – Pockets of good practice and establishing ‘the new normal’ - E: Effect – Improved performance and the ‘Ripple Effect’ 3) Measuring Impact: Monitoring and Evolving 4) Conclusion: Behavioural insights, adaptive management and sticky change CY - London DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Global Partners Governance SN - 3 UR - https://gpgovernance.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/PAP-3-KAPE.pdf Y2 - 2024/01/29/11:23:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Reflections from a Realist Evaluation in Progress: Scaling Ladders and Stitching Theory AU - Punton, Melanie AU - Vogel, Isabel AU - Lloyd, Rob T2 - CDI Practice Paper 18 AB - Realist evaluation provides valuable insights into how and why programmes lead to change, and can generate transferable lessons to help practitioners roll out or scale up an intervention. However, as ... CY - Brighton DA - 2016//04/ PY - 2016 LA - en PB - IDS ST - Reflections from a Realist Evaluation in Progress UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/reflections-from-a-realist-evaluation-in-progress-scaling-ladders-and-stitching-theory Y2 - 2018/07/27/10:31:22 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Engines of Change: What Civic Tech can learn from Social Movements AU - Purpose AU - Omidyar Network DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Omidyar Network and Purpose UR - http://enginesofchange.omidyar.com/docs/OmidyarEnginesOfChange.pdf Y2 - 2016/07/11/11:31:29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Models for Foresight Use in International Development AU - Rhydderch, Alun T2 - IDS Bulletin AB - This article sets out the components of the foresight approach that has been adopted by many governments in the developed world, and identifies elements of this 'dominant' approach that may hinder its uptake in developing countries. Instead, it suggests that a less rigid, more exploratory and normative approach may be better suited to many developing country contexts. With reference to the writings and practice of the creator of 'la prospective', Gaston Berger, it argues for an attitude that combines bold and inclusive thinking about how to create better futures with the pragmatic engagement with political and administrative systems that can help bring these about. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.19088/1968-2016.153 VL - 47 IS - 4 UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/2778/ONLINE%20ARTICLE Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing things differently: Rethinking monitoring and evaluation to understand change AU - Saferworld AB - Doing things differently: Rethinking monitoring and evaluation to understand change Learning paper Over the past four years, Saferworld has put in place a way of monitoring, evaluating and learning from our work focused on behaviour and relationship change. This paper outlines the process we have gone through to adapt, embed, and embrace an approach inspired by Outcome Mapping and Outcome Harvesting (OH). Key benefits of our monitoring, evaluation and learning approach are: It is simple, but promotes complex discussion and analysis. It allows conflict- and gender-sensitivity to be built into programmes; it promotes analysis of and adaptation to context. Bringing front-line staff and partners into wider conversations with others substantially increases cross-organisational learning. CY - London DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 LA - english M3 - Learning paper PB - Saferworld UR - https://www.saferworld.org.uk/resources/publications/1027-doing-things-differently-rethinking-monitoring-and-evaluation-to-understand-change Y2 - 2019/02/05/09:09:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - State Accountability and Voice Initiative (SAVI) - Approach Paper Series AU - SAVI AB - We are piloting a new approach to identifying and supporting our partners.  This breaks with convention in many ways in order to improve impact. Our approach is summarized in the Introduction to SAVI’s way of working. We have broken our approach down into key components – depicted in the form of our ‘knowledge tree’ –... CY - London DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - DFID UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/ Y2 - 2017/02/14/08:11:51 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Dispatch on Switzerland's International Cooperation 2017–2020: Key points in brief AU - SDC AB - The “Dispatch on Switzerland’s International Cooperation, 2017–2020”, is a report to the Swiss Parliament outlining the strategic priorities proposed by the Federal Council in this area. It includes framework credits for each of the five policy instruments used by Switzerland to implement its international cooperation strategy. These are implemented by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), the Human Security Division (HSD) of the FDFA’s Directorate of Political Affairs, and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER). CY - Bern DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 40 LA - en PB - Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA ER - TY - ELEC TI - Swiss Cooperation Strategy Pakistan, 2017-2019 AU - SDC DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/147103887.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/06/12:45:54 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Towards an Alternative Development Management Paradigm? AU - Shutt, Cathy T2 - Rapport 2016:07 AB - Demonstrating results has been a concern in international development cooperation ever since it was started and in recent years there has been an increased focus on achieving and reporting on “results”. Despite the fact that everyone involved in development cooperation wants to make a difference there has been a growing criticism from practitioners about the “results agenda” based on a concern that the approaches used are not fit for purpose. In the EBA-report, Cathy Shutt, at the University of Sussex, scrutinizes the recent critical debate about results based management, and the main arguments and motives behind the criticism. She shows that the debate is not only a matter of obsessive measurement and reporting of meaningless numbers for political accountability, but also a matter of problematic assumptions and how we think about development, evidence and learning. In the report, Shutt also explores what could be learned from those who are not just critiquing results based management approaches but also proposing alternatives. Are these new alternatives an answer to the criticism? CY - Stockholm DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Expertgruppen för biståndsanalys (EBA) UR - https://eba.se/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Rapport2016_07_webb.pdf Y2 - 2019/12/02/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - SROI Self-assessment tool AU - SROI Network AB - The online self assessment tool was created by the SROI Network in collaboration with Hall Aitken to help users judge how well their evaluation practices adhere to principles of best practice. The tool is comprised of a seven stage questionnaire, showing results as a spider chart illustrating areas of strength and areas for improvement. The questionnaire itself is structured around the seven principles of SROI. These principles include ‘involve stakeholders’, ‘be transparent’ and ‘do not overclaim’, and together make up the core framework around which SROI is based. Users receive a score for each principle, and an overall average, giving them an idea of to what extent they have successfully applied the principles. High scoring users can then use their score to guide them towards applying for assurance and accreditation. The tool provides guidance, support and more advice to people who want to improve the way in which their organisation measures their social value and assesses their service delivery but don’t know where to start. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - http://www.socialvalueuk.org/what-is-social-value/sroi-self-assessment-tool/ Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - An introduction to multi-stakeholder partnerships AU - Stibbe, Darian AU - Prescott, Dave AB - This briefing document for the GPEDC High Level Meeting in November 2016 offers a definition of multi-stakeholder partnerships (MSPs) and shows how they are being used, where they have come from, and what the different sectors bring to the table. It provides an overview of the challenges the present, what they require from individuals and organisations, and how they get started. The report was written with the support of the PEP Initiative, and funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. CY - Oxford DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - The Partnering Initiative UR - https://www.thepartneringinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Introduction-to-MSPs-Briefing-paper.pdf Y2 - 2023/10/02/12:30:51 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Collaborating, Learning, and Adapting Framework & Key Concepts AU - USAID AB - Although collaborating, learning, and adapting (CLA) are not new to USAID, they often do not happen regularly or systematically and are not intentionally resourced. The CLA framework above identifies components and subcomponents to help you think more deliberately about what approach to CLA might be best tailored to your organizational or project context. The framework recognizes the diversity of what CLA can look like in various organizations and projects while also giving CLA structure, clarity, and coherence across two key dimensions: CLA in the Program Cycle: how CLA is incorporated throughout Program Cycle processes, including strategy, project, and activity design and implementation; and Enabling Conditions: how an organization’s culture, business processes, and resource allocation support CLA integration. Organizations need both integrated CLA practices appropriate for their context and conducive enabling conditions to become stronger learning organizations capable of managing adaptively. The framework stresses the holistic and integrated nature of the various components of CLA to reinforce the principle that CLA is not a separate workstream—it should be integrated into existing processes to strengthen the discipline of development and improve aid effectiveness. CY - Washington DC DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/keyconcepts_twopager_8.5x11_v7_20160907.pdf Y2 - 2019/12/02/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Program Cycle Road Map AU - USAID DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 UR - http://usaidprojectstarter.org/content/program-cycle-road-map Y2 - 2018/02/06/10:07:46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wildlife laws monitoring as an adaptive management tool in protected area management in Ghana: a case of Kakum Conservation Area AU - Wiafe, Edward Debrah T2 - SpringerPlus AB - INTRODUCTION: The wildlife laws of Ghana alienated the rural communities from forests and material well-being depended upon for their livelihood and this manifests itself in the progressive conflict between the park patrol staff and poachers from the fringes of the protected areas. CASE DESCRIPTION: The main aim of this study was to determine the impact of quantification of patrol efforts on indicators of illegal hunting activities that occur in rainforest protected areas, as a result of monitoring patrol operations and modifying the original plan. The specific objectives were to determine the optimal patrol efforts necessary to reduce illegal wildlife use to minimal; and the influence of the rainfall and seasonal activities on illegal wildlife use. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: The results indicated that as the patrol efforts increased the encounter with illegal wildlife use also increased until a certain point that the encounter rates started decreasing. Neither rainfall nor seasonal activities influenced the illegal activities and the patrol efforts. The protection staff of rainforest protected areas would work effectively to bring down illegal wildlife off-take to the barest minimum if monitored, quantified and provide feed-back. CONCLUSIONS: Illegal wildlife off-take can also be reduced by the protection staff if the original plans are made flexible to be adjusted. Recommendations for further studies have been made. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1186/s40064-016-3129-x DP - PubMed VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 1440 J2 - Springerplus LA - eng SN - 2193-1801 ST - Wildlife laws monitoring as an adaptive management tool in protected area management in Ghana ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future oriented conservation: knowledge governance, uncertainty and learning AU - Wyborn, Carina AU - van Kerkhoff, Lorrae AU - Dunlop, Michael AU - Dudley, Nigel AU - Guevara, Oscar T2 - Biodiversity and Conservation AB - Despite significant progress in understanding climate risks, adaptation efforts in biodiversity conservation remain limited. Adaptation requires addressing immediate conservation threats while also attending to long term, highly uncertain and potentially transformative future changes. To date, conservation research has focused more on projecting climate impacts and identifying possible strategies, rather than understanding how governance enables or constrains adaptation actions. We outline an approach to futureoriented conservation that combines the capacities to anticipate future ecological change; to understand the implications of that change for social, political and ecological values; and the ability to engage with the governance (and politics) of adaptation. Our approach builds on the adaptive management and governance literature, however we explicitly address the (often contested) rules, knowledge and values that enable or constrain adaptation. We call for a broader focus that extends beyond technical approaches to acknowledge the sociopolitical challenges inherent to adaptation. More importantly, we suggest that conservation policy makers and practitioners can use this approach to facilitate learning and adaptation in the context of complexity, transformational change and uncertainty. DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s10531-016-1130-x DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 25 IS - 7 SP - 1401 EP - 1408 LA - en SN - 0960-3115, 1572-9710 ST - Future oriented conservation UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-016-1130-x Y2 - 2019/05/02/17:39:57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fostering Innovation and Entrepreneurialism in Public Sector Reform AU - Cummings, Clare T2 - Public Administration and Development AB - Summary There is growing recognition within the international development sector that there is a need for a new, more effective approach to engaging in public sector reform. This article builds on an emerging body of work that advocates more entrepreneurial and adaptive public sector reform programming. Drawing on knowledge and theory from public sector management, psychology and entrepreneurialism, this article aims to understand what motivates public sector workers to work entrepreneurially and suggest how these ideas can be applied to the way in which international development agencies engage in public sector reform work. This requires a shift in thinking from predesigned, large, externally led programmes promoting international best practice to interventions in which agencies adopt the role of a facilitator, helping to establish the enabling conditions for local partners to work entrepreneurially, developing their own solutions to the problems that they identify in their work. Copyright ? 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2015/12/08/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1002/pad.1735 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 315 EP - 328 J2 - Public Administration and Development SN - 0271-2075 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1735 Y2 - 2018/10/12/00:00:00 KW - Development KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Innovation KW - Public sector reform KW - motivation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participatory Budgeting in Scotland: An overview of strategic design choices and principles for effective delivery AU - Escobar, Oliver AU - Harkins, Chris AB - Description DA - 2015/12/04/ PY - 2015 DP - www.research.ed.ac.uk LA - English ST - Participatory Budgeting in Scotland UR - http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/participatory-budgeting-in-scotland-an-overview-of-strategic-design-choices-and-principles-for-effective-delivery(a0321a7e-8a9c-4187-9368-897ea75c6a0b)/export.html Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:44:05 ER - TY - CONF TI - 40 Agile Methods in 40 Minutes AU - Smith, Craig T2 - YOW! Australia Software Development Conference C1 - Sydney DA - 2015/12/03/ PY - 2015 UR - https://craigsmith.id.au/2015/12/03/yow-2015-40-agile-methods-in-40-minutes Y2 - 2017/03/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - MGZN TI - What Is Disruptive Innovation? AU - Christensen, Clayton M. AU - Raynor, Michael E. AU - McDonald, Rory T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - For the past 20 years, the theory of disruptive innovation has been enormously influential in business circles and a powerful tool for predicting which industry entrants will succeed. Unfortunately, the theory has also been widely misunderstood, and the “disruptive” label has been applied too carelessly anytime a market newcomer shakes up well-established incumbents. In this article, the architect of disruption theory, Clayton M. Christensen, and his coauthors correct some of the misinformation, describe how the thinking on the subject has evolved, and discuss the utility of the theory. They start by clarifying what classic disruption entails—a small enterprise targeting overlooked customers with a novel but modest offering and gradually moving upmarket to challenge the industry leaders. They point out that Uber, commonly hailed as a disrupter, doesn’t actually fit the mold, and they explain that if managers don’t understand the nuances of disruption theory or apply its tenets correctly, they may not make the right strategic choices. Common mistakes, the authors say, include failing to view disruption as a gradual process (which may lead incumbents to ignore significant threats) and blindly accepting the “Disrupt or be disrupted” mantra (which may lead incumbents to jeopardize their core business as they try to defend against disruptive competitors). The authors acknowledge that disruption theory has certain limitations. But they are confident that as research continues, the theory’s explanatory and predictive powers will only improve. DA - 2015/12/01/T05:00:00Z PY - 2015 DP - hbr.org SN - 0017-8012 UR - https://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation Y2 - 2023/10/31/11:51:38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating modelling and smart sensors for environmental and human health AU - Reis, Stefan AU - Seto, Edmund AU - Northcross, Amanda AU - Quinn, Nigel W. T. AU - Convertino, Matteo AU - Jones, Rod L. AU - Maier, Holger R. AU - Schlink, Uwe AU - Steinle, Susanne AU - Vieno, Massimo AU - Wimberly, Michael C. T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software AB - Sensors are becoming ubiquitous in everyday life, generating data at an unprecedented rate and scale. However, models that assess impacts of human activities on environmental and human health, have typically been developed in contexts where data scarcity is the norm. Models are essential tools to understand processes, identify relationships, associations and causality, formalize stakeholder mental models, and to quantify the effects of prevention and interventions. They can help to explain data, as well as inform the deployment and location of sensors by identifying hotspots and areas of interest where data collection may achieve the best results. We identify a paradigm shift in how the integration of models and sensors can contribute to harnessing ‘Big Data’ and, more importantly, make the vital step from ‘Big Data’ to ‘Big Information’. In this paper, we illustrate current developments and identify key research needs using human and environmental health challenges as an example. DA - 2015/12/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.06.003 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 74 SP - 238 EP - 246 J2 - Environmental Modelling & Software SN - 1364-8152 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136481521500167X Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:16:25 KW - Big data KW - Environmental health KW - Environmental sensors KW - Integrated modelling KW - Population health ER - TY - RPRT TI - Multi-project programmes functions, forms and implications for evaluation and learning AU - Buffardi, Anne AU - Hearn, Simon AB - Multi-project programmes can serve different purposes. For instance, they may coordinate multiple implementing entities; standardise management and technical support; compare intervention approaches across different contexts; enhance leverage through joint action; or foster sustainability by building relationships among organisations. • At the same time, multi-project programmes are costly, potentially duplicate other mechanisms that fulfil similar functions, and can dilute focus and create confusion. • To guide decisions on what coordination, evaluation and learning mechanisms are needed, it is helpful to articulate the intended purpose of using a programme model. Identifying the purpose(s) can help staff determine what types of knowledge sharing strategies may be most useful to the programme, and how project and programme theories of change can be sequenced DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015 SP - 20 PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10353.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - What does ‘adaptive programming’ mean in the health sector? AU - Tulloch, Olivia AB - • There is considerable interest in the concept of adaptive development and what it may look like in different sectors, including health. • Adaptive types of programming from the health sector are relatively advanced; as we work towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), experiences in health can provide useful lessons for other areas of development. • The international health community may not use the label ‘adaptive development’, but many are already conducting adaptive work. ‘Quality improvement’ is one such tried and tested approach. • Quality improvement is problem-driven, iterative and flexible. The methodology and principles can be used to identify, test and implement changes in any context or part of a health system. • Quality improvement is being used successfully, but there is still limited experience and evidence of how to apply its values and philosophy beyond the project level and embed it within national structures and systems. • Systems thinking and analysis of the political economy environment may help embed complex interventions like quality improvement and sustain their achievements DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015 SP - 9 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10170.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World AU - McChrystal, General Stanley AU - Silverman, David AU - Collins, Tantum AU - Fussell, Chris AB - As commander of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), General Stanley McChrystal discarded a century of management wisdom and pivoted from a pursuit of mechanical efficiency to organic adaptability. In this book, he shows how any organization can make the same transition to act like a team of teams - where small groups combine the freedom to experiment with a relentless drive to share their experience.Drawing on a wealth of evidence from his military career and sources as diverse as hospital emergency rooms and NASA's space program, McChrystal frames the existential challenge facing today's organizations, and presents a compelling, effective solution. CY - London DA - 2015/11/26/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 304 LA - English PB - Portfolio Penguin SN - 978-0-241-25083-9 ST - Team of Teams ER - TY - BLOG TI - What is a Theory of Change? Really. AU - Mack, Katelyn T2 - FSG AB - Recently thousands of evaluators came together in Chicago to celebrate the growing field, share exemplary practices, and to push our collective thinking on how evaluation responds to the complexity of social change efforts. DA - 2015/11/24/T16:39:52-05:00 PY - 2015 LA - en ST - What is a Theory of Change? UR - https://www.fsg.org/blog/what-theory-change-really Y2 - 2019/06/21/15:21:53 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning to Adapt: Exploring Knowledge, Information and Data for Adaptive Programmes and Policies - Workshop Summary Report AU - fhi360 AB - Adaptive management is increasingly seen as critical capability for development programmes and policies that are more effective, efficient, relevant and sustainable. There is increasing recognition that such work requires significant changes to the organizational structures, management processes, accountability and performance cultures and indivi DA - 2015/11/23/ PY - 2015 LA - und PB - IDS ST - Learning to Adapt UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/learning-adapt-exploring-knowledge%2C-information-and-data-adaptive-programmes-and-policies Y2 - 2016/09/05/14:59:10 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Fostering Systems Change AU - Gopal, Srik AU - Kania, John AB - Five simple rules for foundations seeking to create lasting social change. DA - 2015/11/20/ PY - 2015 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/fostering_systems_change ER - TY - BLOG TI - Try, learn, adapt, repeat: T/A Learn reflections AU - Alan T2 - www.globalintegrity.org AB - By Alan Hudson — November 16, 2015. I spent last week in Rio de Janeiro (tough assignment, I know), participating in the Transparency and Accountability Initiative’s third T/A Learn Annual Workshop. As the report of the second Annual Workshop, held... DA - 2015/11/16/T10:14:40-04:00 PY - 2015 ST - Try, learn, adapt, repeat UR - http://www.globalintegrity.org/2015/11/try-learn-adapt-repeat/ Y2 - 2016/08/05/14:51:57 ER - TY - GEN TI - Minister of International Development and La Francophonie Mandate Letter (November 12, 2015) AU - Office of the Prime Minister AB - Dear Minister:I am honoured that you have agreed to serve Canadians as Minister of International Development and La Francophonie. You will be part of a strong team of ministers led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. DA - 2015/11/12/T15:13:00-05:00 PY - 2015 LA - en UR - https://pm.gc.ca/eng/minister-international-development-and-la-francophonie-mandate-letter Y2 - 2019/05/30/15:04:41 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Building capability by delivering results: Putting Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) principles into practice AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Samji, Salimah AU - Woolcock, Michael T2 - A Governance Practitioner’s Notebook: Alternative Ideas and Approaches A2 - Whaites, Alan A2 - Gonzalez, Eduardo A2 - Fyson, Sara A2 - Teskey, Graham AB - The Governance Practitioner’s Notebook takes an unusual approach for the OECD-DAC Network on Governance (GovNet). It brings together a collection of specially written notes aimed at those who work as governance practitioners within development agencies. It does so, however, without attempting to offer definitive guidance – instead aiming to stimulate thinking and debate. To aid this process the book is centred on a fictional Governance Adviser. The Notebook’s format provides space for experts to speak on today’s governance issues: politics, public sector reform and stakeholder engagement. It encourages debate, charts the evolution of donor thinking, and highlights future challenges in the age of the Sustainable Development Goals. Each section introduces both technical issues and major areas of debate, providing ideas for future development support to institutional reform. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 PB - OECD UR - http://www.oecd.org/dac/governance-peace/governance/governance-practitioners-notebook.htm Y2 - 2019/06/10/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - CHAP TI - Release the pressure on governance practitioners AU - de Weijer, Frauke AU - Hauck, Volker T2 - A Governance Practitioner’s Notebook: Alternative Ideas and Approaches A2 - Whaites, Alan A2 - Gonzalez, Eduardo A2 - Fyson, Sara A2 - Teskey, Graham AB - The Governance Practitioner’s Notebook takes an unusual approach for the OECD-DAC Network on Governance (GovNet). It brings together a collection of specially written notes aimed at those who work as governance practitioners within development agencies. It does so, however, without attempting to offer definitive guidance – instead aiming to stimulate thinking and debate. To aid this process the book is centred on a fictional Governance Adviser. The Notebook’s format provides space for experts to speak on today’s governance issues: politics, public sector reform and stakeholder engagement. It encourages debate, charts the evolution of donor thinking, and highlights future challenges in the age of the Sustainable Development Goals. Each section introduces both technical issues and major areas of debate, providing ideas for future development support to institutional reform. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 PB - OECD UR - http://www.oecd.org/dac/governance-peace/governance/governance-practitioners-notebook.htm Y2 - 2016/08/11/10:01:26 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - CHAP TI - The ethical limits of bungee research in ICTD AU - Dearden, Andrew AU - Tucker, William D. T2 - 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society AB - Research in ICTD is difficult because engineers with technical expertise are separated from the challenges that they are trying to address by large physical distances and significant social differences. To overcome these challenges, much research involves occasional short visits by external researchers to developing regions to investigate problems and generate ideas which are then developed back at the engineers' home base before further return visits for deployment and evaluation. This paper highlights the ethical limitations of this `bungee research', and reflects on our experiences in evolving more fruitful research practices. We argue that relying on bungee research as a primary model of research engagement is unethical, and we suggest some minimal conditions that are necessary, but not sufficient, for such visits to be ethically defensible in ICTD research. CY - Dublin, Eire DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DP - shura.shu.ac.uk SP - 1 EP - 6 LA - en PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4799-8283-7 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=7439430 Y2 - 2017/09/06/09:14:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Summary of Indicators for Combating Wildlife Trafficking AU - Environmental Incentives AU - Foundations of Success AU - ICF International T2 - Measuring Impact AB - USAID's Measuring Impact conducted a survey and analysis of existing wildlife crime indicators to inform the development of USAID indicators and build the evidence base for better alignment of the Agency’s monitoring efforts with best practices. This report summarizes the search strategy and main results of the survey. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 PB - USAID UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00KJRB.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/22/10:59:14 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mind the gaps: What's missing in political economy analysis and why it matters AU - Hudson, David AU - Marquette, Heather T2 - A Governance Practitioner’s Notebook: Alternative Ideas and Approaches A2 - Whaites, Alan A2 - Gonzalez, Eduardo A2 - Fyson, Sara A2 - Teskey, Graham AB - The Governance Practitioner’s Notebook takes an unusual approach for the OECD-DAC Network on Governance (GovNet). It brings together a collection of specially written notes aimed at those who work as governance practitioners within development agencies. It does so, however, without attempting to offer definitive guidance – instead aiming to stimulate thinking and debate. To aid this process the book is centred on a fictional Governance Adviser. The Notebook’s format provides space for experts to speak on today’s governance issues: politics, public sector reform and stakeholder engagement. It encourages debate, charts the evolution of donor thinking, and highlights future challenges in the age of the Sustainable Development Goals. Each section introduces both technical issues and major areas of debate, providing ideas for future development support to institutional reform. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 PB - OECD UR - http://www.oecd.org/dac/governance-peace/governance/governance-practitioners-notebook.htm Y2 - 2016/08/11/10:01:26 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - GEN TI - Guidance on tasks and deliverables for different evaluation phases AU - Methods Lab AB - This tool describes the five key phases of evaluation, from planning and design, to implementation and communication of results. It provides a list of the main tasks and deliverables for each phase, intended for use by anyone managing an impact evaluation. This tool was developed by Irene Guijt, Simon Hearn, Tiina Pasanen and Patricia Rogers for use in Methods Lab projects. It follows to some extent the BetterEvaluation Rainbow Framework. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10646.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - GEN TI - Guiding questions to help narrow the scope of an evaluation AU - Methods Lab AB - Time and budget constraints can mean that programmes are not able to assess all possible evaluation questions; this is especially true for multi-component or multi-site programmes operating in challenging environments. This tool identifies areas of enquiry to help programmes prioritise the number of questions and measurement indicators used. This tool was developed by Anne Buffardi for use in in Methods Lab projects. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10038.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - GEN TI - Report template on integrating impact into an existing monitoring and evaluation system AU - Methods Lab AB - Many development programme staff will commission an impact evaluation towards the end of a project or programme, only to find that the monitoring system did not provide adequate data about implementation, context, baselines or interim results. This tool provides a template outline for a report making recommendations on how to integrate a focus on impact into a programme’s existing monitoring and evaluation system, as the programme moves into a new phase. This template was developed by Anne Buffardi and Tiina Pasanen for use in Methods Lab projects. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10037.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - GEN TI - Report templates for evaluability assessment AU - Methods Lab AB - An evaluability assessment aims to assess the extent to which, and how best, a project can be evaluated in a reliable and credible fashion. These templates are intended to help anyone conducting an evaluability assessment to structure the final report. This tool was developed by Anne Buffardi and Bronwen McDonald for use in Methods Lab projects. It accompanies The Methods Lab publication ‘Evaluability assessment for impact evaluation: guidance, checklists and decision support’. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10036.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - GEN TI - Sample agendas for an evaluability assessment stakeholder workshop AU - Methods Lab AB - An evaluability assessment aims to assess the extent to which, and how best, an intervention can be evaluated in a reliable and credible fashion. These sample agendas are intended for people convening key stakeholders (such as project implementation staff and managers, donors and government officials) to discuss the purpose and scope of an impact evaluation and to identify key evaluation questions. This tool was developed by Bronwen McDonald, Anne Buffardi and Irene Guijt for use in Methods Lab projects. It accompanies the Methods Lab publication ‘Evaluability assessment for impact evaluation: guidance, checklists and decision support’. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10042.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/11/00:00:00 ER - TY - GEN TI - Sample interview questions for evaluability assessment AU - Methods Lab DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10032.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - GEN TI - Template concept note for an impact evaluation AU - Methods Lab DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10040.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - CHAP TI - It's the politics! Can donors rise to the challenge? AU - Unsworth, Sue T2 - A Governance Practitioner’s Notebook: Alternative Ideas and Approaches A2 - Whaites, Alan A2 - Gonzalez, Eduardo A2 - Fyson, Sara A2 - Teskey, Graham AB - The Governance Practitioner’s Notebook takes an unusual approach for the OECD-DAC Network on Governance (GovNet). It brings together a collection of specially written notes aimed at those who work as governance practitioners within development agencies. It does so, however, without attempting to offer definitive guidance – instead aiming to stimulate thinking and debate. To aid this process the book is centred on a fictional Governance Adviser. The Notebook’s format provides space for experts to speak on today’s governance issues: politics, public sector reform and stakeholder engagement. It encourages debate, charts the evolution of donor thinking, and highlights future challenges in the age of the Sustainable Development Goals. Each section introduces both technical issues and major areas of debate, providing ideas for future development support to institutional reform. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 PB - OECD UR - http://www.oecd.org/dac/governance-peace/governance/governance-practitioners-notebook.htm Y2 - 2016/08/11/10:01:26 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theory of Change Thinking in Practice AU - van Es, Marjan AU - Guijt, Irene AU - Vogel, Isabel AB - Want to know better how your interventions can contribute to change? A Theory of Change (ToC) approach helps in deepening your understanding - and that of your partners - of how you collectively think change happens and what the effect will be of your intervention. Not only does it show what political, social, economic, and/or cultural factors are in play, it also clarifies your assumptions. Once a ToC has been developed, it can be used to continually reflect on it in ways that allow for adaptation and checking of assumptions of your intervention. This user friendly guideline helps you to use a Theory of Change approach. Theories of change are the ideas and beliefs people have – consciously or not – about why and how the world and people change. How people perceive and understand change and the world around them is infused by their underlying beliefs about life, human nature and society. They are deep drivers of people’s behaviour and of the choices they make. Social change processes are complex and characterised by non-linear feedback loops: our own actions interact with those of others and a myriad of influencing factors. This triggers reactions that cannot be foreseen and makes outcomes of change interventions unpredictable. Given these uncertainties, how can we plan strategically and sensibly? How can social change initiatives move forward in emerging change processes in a flexible way, while remaining focused on the goal? In this context of complexity, Hivos has found a theory of change (ToC) approach useful in guiding its strategic thinking and action, as well as its collaborative efforts with others. As it fosters critical questioning of all aspects of change interventions and supports adaptive planning and management in response to diverse and quickly changing contexts. It contributes to the quality and transparency of strategic thinking, and therefore to personal, organisational and social learning. This guide builds on the experiences of Hivos working with a ToC approach. It is a practical guide for Hivos staff in applying a Theory of Change approach, but is also very useful for others working on social change such as social entrepreneurs and innovators. This guide builds on the work of a ToC Learning Group initiated by Hivos and comprising of staff of the Centre for Development Innovation (CDI) of Wageningen University and Research Centre and of experts Iñigo Retolaza Eguren, Isabel Vogel and Irene Guijt. For current thinking and work on the use of Theory of Change thinking in complex change processes, see http://www.theoryofchange.nl DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 LA - English UR - https://www.hivos.org/theory-change-thinking-practice Y2 - 2016/04/20/14:29:25 ER - TY - BOOK TI - A Governance Practitioner’s Notebook: Alternative Ideas and Approaches A3 - Whaites, Alan A3 - Gonzalez, Eduardo A3 - Fyson, Sara A3 - Teskey, Graham AB - The Governance Practitioner’s Notebook takes an unusual approach for the OECD-DAC Network on Governance (GovNet). It brings together a collection of specially written notes aimed at those who work as governance practitioners within development agencies. It does so, however, without attempting to offer definitive guidance – instead aiming to stimulate thinking and debate. To aid this process the book is centred on a fictional Governance Adviser. The Notebook’s format provides space for experts to speak on today’s governance issues: politics, public sector reform and stakeholder engagement. It encourages debate, charts the evolution of donor thinking, and highlights future challenges in the age of the Sustainable Development Goals. Each section introduces both technical issues and major areas of debate, providing ideas for future development support to institutional reform. DA - 2015/11// PY - 2015 PB - OECD UR - http://www.oecd.org/dac/governance-peace/governance/governance-practitioners-notebook.htm Y2 - 2016/08/11/10:01:26 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Implementing Innovation: A User's Manual for Open Government Programs AU - Reboot Design AB - This guide draws from our experience around the world helping government reformers achieve real change. It is a practical resource for anyone working to implement an open government initiative. DA - 2015/10/27/T13:47:44+00:00 PY - 2015 ST - Introducing “Implementing Innovation UR - http://reboot.org/2015/10/27/introducing-implementing-innovation-users-manual-open-government-programs/ Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:52:31 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Why Lean Enterprise Transformation is Hard AU - McClure, Dan DA - 2015/10/25/ PY - 2015 PB - ThoughtWorks UR - https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/why-lean-enterprise-transformation-hard Y2 - 2017/03/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems Thinking: An introduction for Oxfam programme staff AU - Bowman, Kimberly AU - Chettleborough, John AU - Jeans, Helen AU - Whitehead, James AU - Rowlands, Jo T2 - Policy & Practice AB - Development organizations frequently face and overcome challenges in programme delivery. But what happens when the proposed solutions fail? How can organizations adapt to changing conditions and ensure the benefits of programmes are shared as widely as possible? DA - 2015/10/20/ PY - 2015 DP - policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk ST - Systems Thinking UR - http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/systems-thinking-an-introduction-for-oxfam-programme-staff-579896 Y2 - 2016/03/24/17:14:07 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Appreciative Inquiry: Organization Development and the Strengths Revolution AU - Stavros, Jacqueline M. AU - Godwin, Lindsey N. AU - Cooperrider, David L. T2 - Practicing Organization Development A2 - Rothwell, William J. A2 - Stavros, Jackie A2 - Sullivan, Roland L. AB - A ppreciative Inquiry (AI) is a theory and practice of inquiry-and-changethat shifts the perspective of organization development (OD) methodsby suggesting that the very act of asking generative questions has pro-found impact in organizational systems. Inquiry and change are not separatemoments. Our questions focus our attention on what is “there” to be noticed.Reflecting its social constructionist roots (Cooperrider, Barrett, and Srivastva1995; Gergen 1995), which suggest that words create worlds, AI offers a newchange imperative by suggesting that we be aware of the negativity bias thatpervades our investigations into organizational life and instead shift our focusto the good, the better, and the possibilities that often go undernoticed in oursystems. Building on Gergen (1995) and Cooperrider and Avital (2003), Cooper-rider and Godwin (2012) summarize, “AI posits that human systems move in thedirection of the questions they most frequently and authentically ask; knowl-edge and organizational destiny are intimately interwoven; what we know andhow we study it has a direct impact on where we end up” (740).Leveraging the power of generative questions, AI changes the focus of whatwe typically study in organizational life, questioning the prevailing mindset that“organizations are problems to be solved,” (Cooperrider and Srivastva 1987).Instead, AI suggests that “organizations are mysteries and miracles of humanrelatedness; they are living systems, alive and embedded in ever-wideningwebs of infinite strength and limitless human imagination. Organizations, ascenters of human connectivity and collaboration, are ‘universes of strengths,’” (Cooperrider and Godwin 2010, 10). AI invites change agents to look intotheir organizations with “appreciative eyes”—scanning the system for thingsfor which to be grateful, seeking out what is next and what is possible, andfocusing on valuing those things of value worth valuing. AI theorists posit thatsuch a shift in our approach to organizational change is needed if we are toinspire our imaginative capacities to their fullest potential. DA - 2015/10/19/ PY - 2015 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) ET - 1 SP - 96 EP - 116 LA - en PB - Wiley SN - 978-1-118-94770-8 978-1-119-17662-6 ST - Appreciative Inquiry UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119176626.ch6 Y2 - 2023/10/17/11:04:35 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Systems Thinking For Social Change: A Practical Guide to Solving Complex Problems, Avoiding Unintended Consequences, and Achieving Lasting Results AU - Stroh, David Peter AB - Donors, leaders of nonprofits, and public policy makers usually have the best of intentions to serve society and improve social conditions. But often their solutions fall far short of what they want to accomplish and what is truly needed. Moreover, the answers they propose and fund often produce the opposite of what they want over time. We end up with temporary shelters that increase homelessness, drug busts that increase drug-related crime, or food aid that increases starvation. How do these unintended consequences come about and how can we avoid them? By applying conventional thinking to complex social problems, we often perpetuate the very problems we try so hard to solve, but it is possible to think differently, and get different results. Systems Thinking for Social Change enables readers to contribute more effectively to society by helping them understand what systems thinking is and why it is so important in their work. It also gives concrete guidance on how to incorporate systems thinking in problem solving, decision making, and strategic planning without becoming a technical expert. Systems thinking leader David Stroh walks readers through techniques he has used to help people improve their efforts to end homelessness, improve public health, strengthen education, design a system for early childhood development, protect child welfare, develop rural economies, facilitate the reentry of formerly incarcerated people into society, resolve identity-based conflicts, and more.  The result is a highly readable, effective guide to understanding systems and using that knowledge to get the results you want. CY - White River Junction DA - 2015/10/16/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 264 LA - English PB - Chelsea Green Publishing SN - 978-1-60358-580-4 ST - Systems Thinking For Social Change ER - TY - BOOK TI - Navigating Complexity in International Development: Facilitating Sustainable Change at Scale AU - Burns, Danny AU - Worsley, Stuart AB - Governments and organizations invest huge sums of money in development interventions to explicitly address poverty and its root causes. However, a high proportion of these do not work. This is because interventions are grounded in flawed assumptions about how change happens -- change is rarely linear, yet development interventions are almost entirely based on linear planning models. Change is also characterized by unintended consequences, which are not predictable by planners and by power dynamics, which drive outcomes towards vested interests rather than real need. Development processes need to engage effectively with these sorts of complex system dynamics. This book provides a conceptual framework for this thinking, offers detail case studies of interventions which have been built on this philosophy and which demonstrate key facets of it. It articulates some clear methodological underpinnings for this work, and draws out the implications both for development, practice and practitioners. CY - Rugby DA - 2015/10/15/ PY - 2015 SP - 198 LA - English PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 978-1-85339-852-0 ST - Navigating Complexity in International Development KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Uncertainty, Precaution, and Adaptive Management in Wildlife Trade AU - Wiersema, Annecoos T2 - Michigan Journal of International Law DA - 2015/10/08/ PY - 2015 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 375 EP - 424 SN - 1052-2867 UR - https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol36/iss3/1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barriers to Political Analysis in Aid Bureaucracies: From Principle to Practice in DFID and the World Bank AU - Yanguas, Pablo AU - Hulme, David T2 - World Development AB - Politics has become a central concern in development discourse, and yet the use of political analysis as a means for greater aid effectiveness remains limited and contested within development agencies. This article uses qualitative data from two governance “leaders” – the United Kingdom Department for International Development and the World Bank – to analyze the administrative hurdles facing the institutionalization of political analysis in aid bureaucracies. We find that programing, management, and training practices across headquarters and country offices remain largely untouched by a political analysis agenda which suffers from its identification with a small cross-national network of governance professionals. DA - 2015/10/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.05.009 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 74 SP - 209 EP - 219 J2 - World Development LA - en SN - 0305-750X ST - Barriers to Political Analysis in Aid Bureaucracies UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15001187 Y2 - 2020/10/15/12:21:26 KW - DFID KW - United Kingdom KW - World Bank KW - aid effectiveness KW - foreign aid KW - political economy analysis ER - TY - RPRT TI - Beyond the toolkit: supporting peace processes in Asia AU - Denney, Lisa AU - Barron, Patrick T2 - Working Politically in Practice Series: Case Study DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015 SP - 38 PB - The Asia Foundation SN - 4 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10177.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Addressing gender in impact evaluation: What should be considered? AU - Fletcher, Gillian AB - Gender and sexuality are intimately entwined; we must not lose sight of the ways in which gender affects non-heterosexual people, transgender people and people who do not identify as either male or female. • Gender and gender-related injustice is a feature of all interventions, whatever the focus, be it agriculture, capacity building, disaster management, education, health, peace building, water, sanitation and hygiene, or other. • Showing an increase in the number of women participants in an intervention is not the same as demonstrating gender impact. An ‘add women and stir’ approach is not good enough. • A good intervention design will identify critical inequalities and conduct a needs assessment that clearly identifies gender-related issues. If this needs assessment feeds directly into the programme theory, it will facilitate assessment of the intervention’s gender-related impact and will be more likely it is to have positive gender-related impact. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015 SP - 24 PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9934.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Operationalizing the Science of Delivery Agenda to Enhance Development Results AU - Gonzalez Asis, Maria AU - Woolcock, Michael AB - The clear development gains achieved in recent decades should not deflect attention from the scale and type of challenges that remain. The strategies largely responsible for these initial gains have been technical reforms promoting economic growth and logistical systems supplying basic inputs. Today, strategies are needed that focus on enhancing the quality of implementation— for example, ensuring learning and not just building schools and enrolling students. This concern now spans numerous domains of professional practice (especially health) and has entered World Bank discussions framed as the “science of delivery.” At the World Bank, the Global Delivery Initiative (GDI) is an operational manifestation and extension of these ideas. To date, the GDI has prepared a number of different case studies across numerous sectors on ways in which innovative teams solve particular problems during project implementation. On the basis of the initial case studies, the authors outline five key principles of how high-quality implementation occurs and invite others to add to this growing storehouse of knowledge. Specifically, task teams are encouraged to develop “live” case studies by and for their staff, documenting how, in real time, implementation challenges are being met. Projects must “learn” more rapidly and systematically how to solve the myriad range of complex implementation challenges they inevitably encounter, since most of these (by definition) cannot be anticipated ex ante. Delivery challenges of this kind will only intensify in the coming years as citizens demand effective responses to ever-more complex—and contentious—policy domains, such as justice, regulation, and taxation. DA - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DP - openknowledge.worldbank.org LA - en_US M3 - Working Paper PB - Washington, DC: World Bank UR - https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23226 Y2 - 2016/08/05/15:59:23 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Embracing Complexity: Strategic Perspectives for an Age of Turbulence AU - Boulton, Jean G. AU - Allen, Peter M. AU - Bowman, Cliff AB - The book describes what it means to say the world is complex and explores what that means for managers, policy makers and individuals. The first part of the book is about the theory and ideas of complexity. This is explained in a way that is thorough but not mathematical. It compares differing approaches, and also provides a historical perspective, showing how such thinking has been around since the beginning of civilisation. It emphasises the difference between a complexity worldview and the dominant mechanical worldview that underpins much of current management practice. It defines the complexity worldview as recognising the world is interconnected, shaped by history and the particularities of context. The comparison of the differing approaches to modelling complexity is unique in its depth and accessibility. The second part of the book uses this lens of complexity to explore issues in the fields of management, strategy, economics, and international development. It also explores how to facilitate others to recognise the implications of adopting a complex rather than a mechanical worldview and suggests methods of research to explore systemic, path-dependent emergent aspects of situations. The authors of this book span both science and management, academia and practice, thus the explanations of science are authoritative and yet the examples of changing how you live and work in the world are real and accessible. The aim of the book is to bring alive what complexity is all about and to illustrate the importance of loosening the grip of a modernist worldview with its hope for prediction, certainty and control. CY - Oxford DA - 2015/09/30/ PY - 2015 ET - 1st edition SP - 286 LA - English PB - Oxford University Press SN - 978-0-19-956526-9 ST - Embracing Complexity ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Management Tools: Concept Notes System AU - Mercy Corps AB - Mercy Corps finds adaptive management is supported by four different but interconnected elements: Culture, People & Skills, Tools & Systems, and Enabling Environment. These elements are discussed in the context of one of Mercy Corps’ complex programmes in pastoral Ethiopia. CY - Edinburgh DA - 2015/09/25/ PY - 2015 PB - Mercy Corps ST - Adaptive Management Tools UR - https://www.mercycorps.org.uk/research-resources/adaptive-management-tools-concept-notes-system Y2 - 2016/11/14/16:38:04 ER - TY - BOOK TI - International Development - Illusions and Realities AU - Black, Maggie AB - Part of the popular, reissued NoNonsense series from New Internationalist'Development' is often misunderstood and can embrace everything from building a large dam to planting trees. The idea can often mask confusion, contradiction, deceit and corruption. This book is essential reading for anyone wanting to know what development actually is. It covers all the key themes and critically suggests ways to bring the poor and marginalised into the process. DA - 2015/09/24/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 144 LA - English PB - New Internationalist SN - 978-1-78026-239-0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design for Sustainability: Countering the Drivers of Unsustainability in Development Projects AU - Meyer, Isabel AU - Marais, Mario Alphonso T2 - The Journal of Community Informatics AB - Development projects aim to make a difference in communities. Funders often require that the intervention needs to last, or that it needs to effect change that will last, over an extended period of time. In short, a sustainable difference needs to be made and this is an important measure of success.  However, there are inherent drivers in the combined system of donors and beneficiaries that counter sustainability. This article explores these drivers, and identifies project design elements that need to be in place in order to promote sustainability by countering the drivers. This approach is applied to an education project, and implications for ICT4D projects are developed. DA - 2015/09/16/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.15353/joci.v11i3.2768 DP - ci-journal.net VL - 11 IS - 3 LA - en SN - 1712-4441 ST - Design for Sustainability UR - http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/1169 Y2 - 2016/06/23/14:13:52 KW - Development KW - Project design KW - Systems Approaches KW - sustainability ER - TY - RPRT TI - Webinar: Operationalizing Adaptive Management: What it takes. Why it matters. AU - Mercy Corps AB - Development actors increasingly agree that managing programs adaptively – especially complex interventions – can improve their effectiveness. A growing body of evidence supports this claim. But what does adaptive management look like in practice? What does it require of managers and donors to make happen? How can we reconfigure incentives and success metrics to support adaptation, while remaining compliant? DA - 2015/09/14/ PY - 2015 LA - en M3 - Text PB - Mercy Corps ST - Operationalizing Adaptive Management UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/operationalizing-adaptive-management-what-it-takes-why-it-matters Y2 - 2019/03/28/09:44:28 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Black Box Thinking: The Surprising Truth About Success AU - Syed, Matthew AB - The Sunday Times No.1 Bestseller From the Bestselling Author of BounceWhat links the Mercedes Formula One team with Google?What links Team Sky and the aviation industry?What connects James Dyson and David Beckham?They are all Black Box Thinkers.Black Box Thinking is a new approach to high performance, a means of finding an edge in a complex and fast-changing world. It is not just about sport, but has powerful implications for business and politics, as well as for parents and students. In other words, all of us.Drawing on a dizzying array of case studies and real-world examples, together with cutting-edge research on marginal gains, creativity and grit, Matthew Syed tells the inside story of how success really happens - and how we cannot grow unless we are prepared to learn from our mistakes. DA - 2015/09/10/ PY - 2015 DP - Google Books SP - 488 LA - en PB - Hachette UK SN - 978-1-4736-1379-9 ST - Black Box Thinking KW - Psychology KW - Sports & Recreation / Sports Psychology KW - Strategic Planning ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing the Evidence: The Effectiveness and Impact of Public Governance-Oriented Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives AU - Brockmyer, Brandon AU - Fox, Jonathan A. AB - Transnational multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) – voluntary partnerships between governments, civil society, and the private sector – are an increasingly prevalent strategy for promoting government responsiveness and accountability to citizens. While most transnational MSIs involve using voluntary standards to encourage socially and environmentally responsible private sector behavior, a handful of these initiatives – the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (CoST), the Open Government Partnership (OGP), the Global Initiative on Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) and the Open Contracting Partnership (OCP) – focus on information disclosure and participation in the public sector. Unlike private sector MSIs, which attempt to supplement weak government capacity to enforce basic social and environmental standards through partnerships between businesses and civil society, public sector MSIs ultimately seek to bolster public governance. But how exactly are these MSIs supposed to work? And how much has actually been achieved?The purpose of this study is to identify and consolidate the current state of the evidence for public governance-oriented MSI effectiveness and impact. Researchers collected over 300 documents and interviewed more than two-dozen MSI stakeholders about their experiences with five public governance oriented multi-stakeholder initiatives.This report provides a ‘snapshot’ of the evidence related to these five MSIs, and suggests that the process of leveraging transparency and participation through these initiatives for broader accountability gains remains uncertain. The report highlights the ongoing process of defining MSI success and impact, and how these initiatives intersect with other accountability actors and processes in complex ways. The study closes with key recommendations for MSI stakeholders. DA - 2015/09/01/ PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative ST - Assessing the Evidence UR - http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2693608 Y2 - 2016/03/24/17:07:54 KW - Accountability KW - Participation KW - Program evaluation KW - Transparency KW - global governance KW - multi-stakeholder ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strengthening Accountability Ecosystems: a Discussion Paper AU - Halloran, Brendan T2 - Think Piece DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Learning-Agenda-for-Mobilizing-Accountability.pdf Y2 - 2016/04/05/14:48:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strategy Testing: An innovative approach to monitoring highly flexible aid programs AU - Ladner, Debra T2 - Working Politically in Practice AB - The international development community has increasingly embraced the idea that finding durable solutions to complex development problems requires new ways of working that move beyond industry norms. This paper makes an important contribution to the current debate by outlining an innovative monitoring system called Strategy Testing (ST). This is the third paper in the Working Politically in Practice paper series, launched together with the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 PB - The Asia Foundation SN - 3 UR - http://asiafoundation.org/publication/strategy-testing-an-innovative-approach-to-monitoring-highly-flexible-aid-programs/ Y2 - 2019/05/16/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Building a Learning Culture – The case of the Market Development Facility in Fiji AU - Miehlbradt, Alexandra DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 PB - The Donor Committee for Enterprise Development UR - http://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/RMCase_4_Using_Info_in_Samarth.pdf Y2 - 2016/12/13/16:42:22 KW - Case Report ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 1: Core Values AU - SAVI AB - Governance reform is about government and citizens working together in more responsive, inclusive and accountable ways for the benefit of citizens. More responsive, inclusive and accountable attitudes and behaviour on the part of government and non-government stakeholders are the critical factors which lead to meaningful reform processes, and replicate and sustain reforms beyond the lifetime... CY - DFID DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - London ST - SAVI Approach Paper 1 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/core-values/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/08:59:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 10: Engaging State Governments AU - SAVI AB - SAVI as a programme does not directly work with state governments – but we work in close conjunction with sister programmes who are supporting state governments on governance and sector reforms. SAVI supports non-government and SHoA partners to play their part in promoting more responsive, inclusive and accountable state governance delivering better services for citizens.... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 10 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-10-engaging-state-governments/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 2: Programme Design AU - SAVI AB - SAVI supports citizen engagement in governance through a facilitated partnership approach, in contrast to the usual approach of grants to civil society organisations (CSOs). The overall aim is to facilitate and support working relationships and processes of reform that are home-grown, self-sustaining and, after initial engagement, not dependent on external support. Our way of working... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 2 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/programme-design/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:00:25 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 3: Theory of Change AU - SAVI AB - SAVI’s theory of change is a simple, practical guide that staff and partners use to plan and to monitor change – as well as to reflect on and enhance their own effectiveness. It sets out broad stages of attitude and behaviour change over time to facilitate effective citizen engagement in governance processes, systems and structures.... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 3 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/theory-of-change/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:00:53 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 4: Thinking and Working Politically - Supporting partners and staff through a participatory apporach to political economy analysis AU - SAVI AB - Thinking and acting politically is central to the SAVI programme. We support staff and partners to analyse the power relations that shape change in their state, and to use this knowledge to inform their decision-making. This includes decisions made by SAVI state teams relating to the issues and partners they engage with and support, and... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 4 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/thinking-and-working-politically/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:01:08 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 5: Defining and Measuring Results AU - SAVI AB - SAVI aims to facilitate replicable and sustainable processes of citizen engagement in governance. The programme in each state is locally defined, flexible and adaptive, and results are not predictable in advance. Standardised monitoring tools are not applicable, and consequently we have evolved our tools and frameworks during the programme through processes of learning by doing.... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 5 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/defining-and-measuring-results/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:01:25 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 6: Engaging Civil Society AU - SAVI AB - SAVI state teams provide support to CS groups to become more effective agents of citizens’ voice and public accountability, through a variety of mutually reinforcing interventions. These include: hands-on support to demonstration civil society Advocacy Partnerships (APs) facilitating working partnerships between civil society APs, SHoAs, and the media brokering working relationships between all of these... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 6 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-6-engaging-civil-society/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:01:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 7: Promoting Gender Equality and Social Inclusion AU - SAVI AB - We promote attention to gender equality and social inclusion in all of our engagement with CS groups, the media and SHoAs, and in all of the issues and processes they work on. In all the states we work in, we also support partners to focus on some issues and form some partnerships and networks which... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 7 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-7-promoting-gender-equality-and-social-inclusion/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 8: Engaging the Media AU - SAVI AB - The overall aim of SAVI engagement with the media is for media representation of citizens’ interests to become normal, and play its part in helping state governments to be more responsive, inclusive and accountable to their citizens. Media partners – individual media personnel and selected media houses – are supported to be more effective agents... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 8 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-8-engaging-the-media/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:11 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SAVI Approach Paper 9: Engaging State Houses of Assembly AU - SAVI AB - The overall aim of SAVI engagement with SHoAs is to promote lasting reforms that are not dependent on external funding and which promote an increasingly more responsive and accountable relationship between Nigerian state governments and their citizens. SHoAs are supported to be more effective agents of citizen voice and public accountability, demanding better performance from... CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - SAVI Approach Paper 9 UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/approach/savi-approach-paper-9-engaging-state-houses-of-assembly/ Y2 - 2018/02/28/09:03:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using Information on Results in Program Management – The case of Samarth-NMDP in Nepal AU - Stewart, Tim AU - Joshi, Sanju AU - Miehlbradt, Alexandra DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 PB - The Donor Committee for Enterprise Development UR - http://www.enterprise-development.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/RMCase_4_Using_Info_in_Samarth.pdf Y2 - 2016/12/13/16:42:22 KW - Case Report ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theories of Change: time for a radical approach to learning in development AU - Valters, Craig AB - The Theory of Change approach demands a radical shift towards more and better learning in development thinking and practice, creating a productive and much-needed space for critical reflection. CY - London DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 PB - ODI ST - Theories of Change UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/9883-theories-change-time-radical-approach-learning-development Y2 - 2016/08/05/16:42:21 ER - TY - NEWS TI - Five tips for evaluating your impact in international development AU - Pasanen, Tiina T2 - The Guardian AB - How can impact evaluations actually be helpful? These top tips will save development professionals time, energy and money. International development can be messy – with uncertain, complex settings, and multiple partners with different interests, goals and capacities. At the same time, we are under increasing pressure to demonstrate impact. We have to show that our projects have made a real change in people’s lives and that donor or taxpayer money hasn’t been wasted. But impact evaluations, which are often seen as a solution to this, aren’t always used. And in some cases they are unhelpful. So how can we improve the quality of impact evaluations, so that they produce results that are useful? This is where evaluability assessments come in. By asking whether we should evaluate a project – and if so, when and how – these assessments can improve the quality of impact evaluations. Here are five other reasons to assess evaluability before starting an impact evaluation. DA - 2015/08/28/ PY - 2015 SE - Working in Development UR - https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/aug/28/impact-evaluations-international-development-how-to Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What Are the Next Steps in Innovation for Good Governance? AU - von Sturmer, Lucy T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - What are the next steps in innovation for good governance? Lucy von Sturmer reflects on lessons learned at Buntwani 2015. DA - 2015/08/28/ PY - 2015 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/what-are-the-next-steps-in-innovation-for-good-governance/ Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:21:57 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Engineering Complex Scaled Up Innovations in the Humanitarian and Development Sector AU - McClure, Dan AU - Gray, Ian DA - 2015/08/04/ PY - 2015 PB - ThoughtWorks UR - https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/engineering-complex-scaled-innovations Y2 - 2016/09/08/16:43:32 ER - TY - BLOG TI - What Startups Can Learn from General McChrystal about Combining Strategy and Execution AU - Pisoni, Adam T2 - First Round AB - Yammer Co-founder Adam Pisoni speaks with General Stanley McChrystal about the lessons technology companies might take away from his new book Team of Teams. DA - 2015/08/04/ PY - 2015 UR - http://firstround.com/review/what-startups-can-learn-from-general-mcchrystal-about-combining-strategy-and-execution/ Y2 - 2018/02/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social Accountability: What Does the Evidence Really Say? AU - Fox, Jonathan A. T2 - World Development AB - Summary Empirical evidence of tangible impacts of social accountability initiatives is mixed. This meta-analysis reinterprets evaluations through a new lens: the distinction between tactical and strategic approaches to the promotion of citizen voice to contribute to improved public sector performance. Field experiments study bounded, tactical interventions based on optimistic assumptions about the power of information alone, both to motivate collective action and to influence the state. Enabling environments for collective action combined with bolstered state capacity to respond to citizen voice are more promising. Sandwich strategies can help ‘voice’ and ‘teeth’ to become mutually empowering, through state–society synergy. DA - 2015/08/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 72 SP - 346 EP - 361 J2 - World Development SN - 0305-750X ST - Social Accountability UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15000704 Y2 - 2018/07/26/14:55:18 KW - public information access KW - social accountability KW - state–society synergy KW - transparency KW - voice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Useful Theory of Change Models AU - Mayne, John T2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation AB - Although theories of change are frequently discussed in the evaluation literature and there is general agreement on what a theory of change is conceptually, there is actually little agreement beyond the big picture of just what a theory of change comprises, what it shows, how it can be represented, and how it can be used. This article outlines models for theories of change and their development that have proven quite useful for both straightforward and more complex interventions. The models are intuitive, flexible, and well-defined in terms of their components, and they link directly to rigorous models of causality. The models provide a structured framework for developing useful theories of change and analyzing the intervention they represent. DA - 2015/08/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.3138/cjpe.230 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 142 J2 - CJPE LA - en SN - 08341516 UR - https://cjpe.journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/cjpe/index.php/cjpe/article/view/294/230 Y2 - 2020/02/24/18:04:38 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Guidelines for writing a case study on implementation (Book Project: Smart Implementation in Governance) AU - Kirsch, Renate DA - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero SP - 18 LA - en PB - GIZ GmbH ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluability assessment for Impact Evaluation: Guidance, checklists and decision support AU - Peersman, Greet AU - Guijt, Irene AU - Pasanen, Tiina AB - This guidance note focuses on the utility of, and guidance for, evaluability assessment before undertaking an impact evaluation. The primary audience for this guidance note is evaluators conducting an evaluability assessment for impact evaluation. The secondary audience is people commissioning or managing an evaluability assessment for impact evaluation, as well as funders of an impact evaluation. Sections one and two provide an overview of evaluability assessment and how it can be used for impact evaluation. Section three provides guidance for planning to undertake an evaluability assessment for impact evaluation. This is informative for all intended users of the guidance note. Section four includes checklists and decision support for evaluability assessments. The checklist is geared to those conducting the evaluability assessment and can be adapted to suit a particular context or purpose. The decision support provides those conducting an evaluability assessment with evidence-based recommendations for impact evaluation funders and commissioners, about whether, when and how to proceed with the evaluation. Sections five and six provide guidance on what to do after the assessment is concluded, and offer lessons learned from evaluability assessments in practice. DA - 2015/08// PY - 2015 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9802.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Dialogic Organization Development: The Theory and Practice of Transformational Change AU - Bushe, Gervase R. A3 - Marshak, Robert J. AB - Dialogic Organization Development is a compelling alternative to the classical action research approach to planned change. Organizations are seen as fluid,socially constructed realities that are continuously created through conversations and images change happens when those conversations and images change. Leaders and consultants can help foster, support, or accelerate the emergence of transformational possibilities by encouraging disruptions to taken-for-granted ways of thinking and acting and the use of generative images to stimulate new organizational conversations and narratives. Dialogic OD is a different mindset, but it s also the previously unrecognized underpinning of such diverse change methods as Appreciative Inquiry, the Art of Convening, Future Search, and many more. CY - Oakland DA - 2015/07/30/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 496 LA - English PB - EDS Publications Ltd. SN - 978-1-62656-404-6 ST - Dialogic Organization Development ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Politics of Evidence and Results in International Development: Playing the Game to Change the Rules? A3 - Eyben, Rosalind A3 - Guijt, Irene A3 - Roche, Chris A3 - Shutt, Cathy AB - Understanding and demonstrating the effectiveness of efforts to improve the lives of those living in poverty is an essential part of international development practice. But who decides what counts as good or credible evidence? Can the drive to measure results do justice to and promote transformational change change that challenges the power relations that produce and reproduce inequality, injustice and the non-fulfillment of human rights? The Politics of Evidence in International Development provides a critical examination of the results agenda, with practical strategies for rendering it more helpful in supporting transformative development. The book deconstructs the origins and concepts of the results and evidence agendas employed in international development. It describes with concrete examples the current effects and consequences of the agenda, and goes on to outline a range of strategies used by individuals and organizations to resist, adapt or comply with the useful and problematic demands for results-oriented measurement and evidence of value for money." DA - 2015/07/15/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 234 LA - English PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 978-1-85339-886-5 ST - The Politics of Evidence and Results in International Development UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/the-politics-of-evidence-and-results-in-international-development-playing-the-game-to-change-the-rules ER - TY - CHAP TI - Technology for Democracy in Development: Lessons from Seven Case Studies AU - Fung, Archon AU - Gilman, Hollie Russon AU - Shkabatur, Jennifer T2 - Deliberation and Development: Rethinking the Role of Voice and Collective Action in Unequal Societies A2 - Heller, Patrick A2 - Rao, Vijayendra DA - 2015/07/13/ PY - 2015 DP - CrossRef SP - 229 EP - 236 LA - en PB - The World Bank SN - 978-1-4648-0501-1 ST - Technology for Democracy in Development UR - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/10.1596/978-1-4648-0501-1_ch11 Y2 - 2016/05/03/15:18:27 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Deliberation and Development: Rethinking the Role of Voice and Collective Action in Unequal Societies A3 - Heller, Patrick A3 - Rao, Vijayendra AB - This book marries two fields that rarely converse with one another:deliberative democracy and development studies. The study ofdeliberation―which explores normative and practical questions aroundgroup-based decision making through discussion or debate―has emergedas a critical area of study over the past two decades. Concurrently, the fieldof development has seen a spurt of interest in community-led developmentand participation premised on the ability of groups to arrive at decisionsand manage resources via a process of discussion and debate. Despite thegrowing interest in both fields, they have rarely engaged with one another.This book, which brings together new essays by some of the leading scholarsin the field, deepens our understanding of participatory decision makingin developing countries while initiating a new field of study for scholarsof deliberation. In the process, it sheds light on how to best design andimplement policies to strengthen the role of participation in development. CY - Washington, D.C DA - 2015/07/13/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 258 LA - English PB - World Bank Publications SN - 978-1-4648-0501-1 ST - Deliberation and Development ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Adaptation Planning to Build Adaptive Capacity: A Structured Learning Approach AU - Butler, J. R. A. AU - Wise, R. M. AU - Skewes, T. D. AU - Bohensky, E. L. AU - Peterson, N. AU - Suadnya, W. AU - Yanuartati, Y. AU - Handayani, T. AU - Habibi, P. AU - Puspadi, K. AU - Bou, N. AU - Vaghelo, D. AU - Rochester, W. T2 - Coastal Management AB - Climate adaptation planning provides an opportunity to enhance the adaptive capacity of stakeholders across multiple levels. However, reviews of standard top-down and bottom-up approaches indicate that the value of multistakeholder involvement is not fully recognized or incorporated into guidelines. Focusing on provinces in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea within the Coral Triangle region, we present a novel integrated top-down and bottom-up planning approach. Based on Participatory Systemic Inquiry the process involves three stages of workshops intentionally designed to promote social learning, knowledge exchange, empowerment and social networks among multilevel stakeholders. Stage 1 workshops engage government, nongovernment and science stakeholders at the provincial level to analyze sub-districts' vulnerability and design appropriate adaptation strategies. Stage 2 engages local government, non-government and community stakeholders within vulnerable sub-districts identified in Stage 1. Stage 3 combines Stage 1 and 2 stakeholders to refine adaptation strategies and design action plans for sub-districts. Evaluation demonstrated that different stakeholder groups' perceptions of community adaptation needs varied significantly, justifying the approach. In terms of adaptive capacity, the primary outcome for all stakeholder groups was innovative ideas, suggesting that social learning and knowledge exchange had occurred. Empowerment was a secondary outcome. We discuss how the approach could be further refined. DA - 2015/07/04/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1080/08920753.2015.1046802 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 346 EP - 364 SN - 0892-0753 ST - Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Adaptation Planning to Build Adaptive Capacity UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2015.1046802 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:17:48 KW - Climate change KW - Coral Triangle KW - Evaluation KW - Social learning KW - knowledge cultures ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inclusive rigour for complexity AU - Chambers, Robert T2 - Journal of Development Effectiveness AB - Rigour can be reductionist or inclusive. To learn about and understand conditions of complexity, emergence, nonlinearity and unpredictability, the inclusive rigour of mixed methods has been a step in the right direction. From analysis of mixed methods and participatory approaches and methods, this article postulates canons for inclusive rigour for research and evaluation for complexity: eclectic methodological pluralism; improvisation and innovation; adaptive iteration; triangulation; plural perspectives; optimal ignorance and appropriate imprecision; and being open, alert and inquisitive. Inclusive rigour is inherent in participatory methods and approaches, visualisations, group-visual synergy, the democracy of the ground and participatory statistics. Transparent reflexivity, personal behaviour and attitudes, and good facilitation are fundamental. Fully inclusive rigour for complexity demands many personal, institutional and professional revolutions. DA - 2015/07/03/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1080/19439342.2015.1068356 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 327 EP - 335 SN - 1943-9342 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2015.1068356 Y2 - 2016/09/30/14:59:18 KW - Evaluation KW - Mixed methods KW - Participatory methodologies KW - Research KW - paradigm KW - rigour ER - TY - RPRT TI - Framework for the Biodiversity Cross-Mission Learning Program AU - Environmental Incentives AU - Foundations of Success AU - ICF International T2 - Measuring Impact AB - USAID’s Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and the Environment/Office of Forestry and Biodiversity (E3/FAB) launched the five-year Measuring Impact program (MI) to help strengthen USAID’s biodiversity programs by building the capacity of the Agency to design, monitor, and evaluate effective programs and by enhancing the evidence base that informs programming decisions. A core programmatic strategy of MI is to “Improve Biodiversity Conservation Approaches” with the life-of-project (LOP) objective that E3/FAB and the Missions engaged with MI have a greater understanding of conditions under which commonly deployed conservation strategic approaches are effective. To accomplish this, MI is working with E3/FAB to design and implement a Biodiversity Cross-Mission Learning Program (Learning Program) to systematically capture and share lessons on theories of change1 (TOCs) for common conservation strategic approaches in the USAID biodiversity portfolio. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/07// PY - 2015 PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Watering the Grassroots: A Strategy for Social Movement Support AU - Joyce, Mary AB - In this third and final think piece exploring the role of grassroots organizations and movements for state accountability (find the previous pieces here and here), the author Mary Joyce, proposes new thinking about how funders and other external organizations can best support social movements. Funding and other support for popular organizations and movements is not straightforward, and there are potential risks and distortions involved. Interested supporters need to clearly identify and articulate these obstacles in their discussions with movement activists before pursuing and funding or other support activities. This think piece outlines several potential avenues of support: small, flexible grants; funding intermediary organizations; providing external consultants or researchers to work with movements; and other options as well. These suggestions provide ideas for funders and other organizations seeking to move beyond projects to supporting robust accountability ecosystems, in which grassroots organizations and movements play a critical role. DA - 2015/07// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/think-pieces/watering-the-grassroots-a-strategy-for-social-movement-support Y2 - 2016/04/05/14:48:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Movements Perspective on Transparency and Accountability AU - Joyce, Mary AU - Walker, Tom AB - This Think Piece describes social movements pursuing government accountability and the challenges and opportunities to supporting them. DA - 2015/07// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/think-pieces/a-movements-perspective-on-transparency-and-accountability Y2 - 2016/03/24/17:12:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Using Data to Influence Government Decisions. Opportunities and Challenges for User-Centered Design to Improve Governance Data Impact AU - Reboot CY - New York DA - 2015/07// PY - 2015 PB - Reboot & OSF UR - https://reboot.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Reboot_Using-Data-to-Influence-Government-Decisions_2015.pdf Y2 - 2017/02/23/12:25:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing the Journey to Scale Up Innovation in the Humanitarian and Development Sector AU - McClure, Dan AU - Gray, Ian DA - 2015/06/28/ PY - 2015 PB - ThoughtWorks UR - https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/managing-journey-scale-innovation Y2 - 2016/09/08/16:43:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Managing Complexity: Adaptive Management at Mercy Corps AU - Mercy Corps AB - Managing Complexity: Adaptive management at Mercy Corps DA - 2015/06/17/T15:50:25-07:00 PY - 2015 ST - Managing Complexity UR - https://www.mercycorps.org/research-resources/managing-complexity-adaptive-management-mercy-corps Y2 - 2016/08/05/14:52:50 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Why is it so hard for non-state actors to be heard? Inside Tanzania's education policies AU - Katera, Lucas AB - Lessons from policy in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania CY - Brighton DA - 2015/06/15/ PY - 2015 PB - MAVC UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/when-does-state-listen/ Y2 - 2016/07/14/10:58:57 ER - TY - RPRT TI - An Adaptive Capacity Guide Book: assessing, building and evaluating the capacity of communities to adapt in a changing climate AU - Jacobs, B. AU - Nelson, R. AU - Kuruppu, N. AU - Leith, P. AB - A capacity to adapt to change is essential for managing Australia’s natural resources. The individuals, communities and organisations who manage our natural resources all have an innate capacity to adapt to change. Changes in climate, markets and technology have shaped the way we adapt the management of natural resources in urban, rural and coastal landscapes. Some of these changes are predictable and easy to manage. Others are expected, but their timing and magnitude are uncertain. Whatever the future holds, this guide can be used to build our capacity to meet future change with confidence. DA - 2015/06/11/ PY - 2015 DP - opus.lib.uts.edu.au M3 - Report PB - University of Technology and University of Tasmania ST - An Adaptive Capacity Guide Book UR - https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/36221 Y2 - 2019/05/04/03:10:14 ER - TY - GEN TI - 10 Things to Know About Evaluation AU - Buffardi, Anne AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Pasanen, Tiina AU - Price, clare AU - Ball, Louise AB - Evaluation is essential to good development. But there are still many myths and misconceptions about what it is - and how it should be used. ODI's Research and Policy in Development Programme (RAPID) has many years' experience supporting evaluation in complex development contexts. In support of the International Year of Evaluation 2015, we've put together our essential 'things to know' about evaluation in 10 infographics. Available in English and French. DA - 2015/06// PY - 2015 PB - RAPID UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9685.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Systems change: A guide to what it is and how to do it AU - Ellen Harries AU - Rachel Wharton AU - Rob Abercrombie AB - Systems change has been attracting the attention of those in the social sector who want to deal with the root causes of problems, but, despite the buzz, much of what is written is abstract in tone. With the support of LankellyChase Foundation we have produced this guide to plug a gap in the systems change literature—providing accessible material and recommendations for action. Systems change has been attracting the attention of a range of progressive charities, funders and practitioners who are interested in dealing with the root causes of social problems. But while there is a buzz about a subject relatively new to the social sector, it is easy to feel frustrated by the literature—much of what is written is abstract in tone and there are few examples of success. We have produced this paper to address this problem and offer accessible material and recommendations for action. This systems change guide: Clarifies what is meant by systems and systems change Describes the main perspectives on systems change Outlines good practice for systems change Identifies what is and is not agreed upon by experts in the field Provides recommendations for charities, funders and the public sector on how to act systemically. We hope this presents a manageable introduction to the systems change field, especially for those new to it, and also guides those interested in acting systemically to improve the lives of people in need. Our conclusion is that although it may not be as novel as some claim, there is a good deal of value in a systems change approach and it offers a welcome reminder of what effective action looks like when it comes to the pursuit of social change. CY - London DA - 2015/06// PY - 2015 PB - NPC UR - https://www.thinknpc.org/publications/thinking-big/ Y2 - 2018/08/16/08:40:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mentoring Programmes: Supporting Effective Technology Use in Transparency and Accountability Organisations AU - Herringshaw, Vanessa AU - Faith, Becky AB - The global movement to hold governments and companies accountable is growing rapidly, and technology can play a vital role. Some actors harness this potential to brilliant effect. But many others waste precious money and staff time on technology that isn’t a good fit for their aims or capacity. Mentorships can be a really effective way … DA - 2015/06// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative ST - Mentoring Programmes UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/reports/mentoring-programmes-supporting-effective-technology-use-in-transparency-and-accountability-organisations Y2 - 2016/03/24/17:31:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DFID’s approach to delivering impact AU - ICAI AB - UK aid, at its best, makes a real and positive difference to the lives and livelihoods of poor people around the world. Ensuring the best possible performance across a large and multifaceted aid programme is, however, a complex management challenge. This report reviews ICAI’s previous 44 reports and looks at how well DFID ensures positive, long-term, transformative impact across its work. CY - London DA - 2015/06// PY - 2015 LA - en-GB PB - Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) SN - Report 45 UR - https://icai.independent.gov.uk/report/dfids-approach-to-delivering-impact/ Y2 - 2019/03/12/15:35:18 ER - TY - BLOG TI - The Answer is 42. On Data, Information and Knowledge AU - Bours, Dennis T2 - Earth-Eval AB - A recent discussion with some colleagues on the differences between data, knowledge and information made me realize that there still is a lot of confusion when it comes to the use of terms; confusion that goes well beyond my earlier blog post on indicators, measures and metrics. DA - 2015/05/25/T15:43:29-04:00 PY - 2015 LA - en UR - https://www.climate-eval.org/blog/answer-42-data-information-and-knowledge Y2 - 2019/06/20/15:52:13 ER - TY - BLOG TI - A flowering of approaches to complexity and development? AU - Thorpe, Ian T2 - KM on a dollar a day AB - We are an important juncture in development at the moment with the Sustainable Development Goals due to be finalized later this year, and with discussion now turning full swing into what needs to h… DA - 2015/05/15/T15:49:43+00:00 PY - 2015 UR - https://kmonadollaraday.wordpress.com/2015/05/15/a-flowering-of-approaches-to-complexity-and-development/ Y2 - 2016/06/14/12:21:19 ER - TY - THES TI - Navigating by Judgment: Organizational Structure, Autonomy, and Country Context in Delivering Foreign Aid AU - Honig, Daniel AB - This dissertation examines when initiatives by International Development Organizations (IDOs) are more, and less, successful. The core argument is that allowing field-level agents to drive initiatives – what I call organizational Navigation by Judgment – will often be the most effective way to deliver aid. This inverts what a classical application of the principal agent model – the workhorse of studies of public management and bureaucracy – would predict, with better performance resulting from less control. In the delivery of foreign aid the costs of monitoring to the principal are often overshadowed by the deleterious effects of the monitoring itself. The core of the argument is that development implementation requires soft information, tacit knowledge, and flexibility that are crowded out by tight controls or an organizational navigation strategy focused on short term measurement and targets. As a result there are increasing returns to Navigation by Judgment in environments that are uncertain or difficult to understand from the outside and tasks where outputs are difficult to observe and/or poorly correlated with long term intervention goals. Insecure political authorizing environments which constrain the autonomy of IDOs prevent these organizations from Navigating by Judgment in situations where this is the best strategy. Empirically, this dissertation examines a cross-IDO dataset of projects (including over 14,000 projects over 50 years over 9 organizations), which I have assembled. It also examines eight cases of development interventions in Liberia and South Africa. These cases are matched pairs comparing the performance and navigation strategies of the US Agency for International Development (a low autonomy IDO) and the UK’s Department for International Development (a higher autonomy IDO) in capacity building and health sector interventions. DA - 2015/05/11/ PY - 2015 DP - dash.harvard.edu LA - en M3 - Doctoral dissertation PB - Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences ST - Navigating by Judgment UR - https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/17467366 Y2 - 2018/02/12/11:18:43 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - Scrum For Dummies AU - Layton, Mark C. AB - Practice an agile form of management to stop wasting time and money Scrum For Dummies is an easy to use guide to managing the tricky transition from a traditional project management methodology to the new and most popular agile framework. As the most efficient, successful methodology for team project management, Scrum relies on transparency, flexibility, and fluidity to deliver a final product that fulfills the needs of all stakeholders. Written in easy–to–read Dummies style, this book walks you through the core principles of Scrum and provides a roadmap for tangible implementation. The vast majority of projects go over budget, and billions of dollars are wasted every year on overruns. Put a stop to this wasteful leakage by switching to a management style that keeps all participants informed, up–to–date, and accountable. Authored by a Certified Scrum Trainer, Mark Layton, Scrum For Dummies covers the key ideas and processes behind Scrum methodologies, and presents the inner workings of the plan in an engaging and accessible format. Topics include: The Scrum values, roles, artifacts, and activities that make up the principle of this methodology When and how best to use Scrum The differences between Scrum and other agile methodologies Using Scrum for IT, finance, construction, health care, and more The book also delves into the everyday use of Scrum, and how it can help you achieve your own personal goals outside of work. There′s a reason why scrum is quickly becoming the standard approach to project management it works! If you want to stop wasting time and start producing more effectively, Scrum For Dummies is the guide that will get you there. CY - Hoboken, NJ DA - 2015/05/08/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 408 LA - English PB - John Wiley & Sons SN - 978-1-118-90575-3 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned: The Myth of the Objective AU - Stanley, Kenneth O. AU - Lehman, Joel AB - Why does modern life revolve around objectives? From how science is funded, to improving how children are educated -- and nearly everything in-between -- our society has become obsessed with a seductive illusion: that greatness results from doggedly measuring improvement in the relentless pursuit of an ambitious goal. In Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned, Stanley and Lehman begin with a surprising scientific discovery in artificial intelligence that leads ultimately to the conclusion that the objective obsession has gone too far. They make the case that great achievement can't be bottled up into mechanical metrics; that innovation is not driven by narrowly focused heroic effort; and that we would be wiser (and the outcomes better) if instead we whole-heartedly embraced serendipitous discovery and playful creativity.Controversial at its heart, yet refreshingly provocative, this book challenges readers to consider life without a destination and discovery without a compass. CY - Cham DA - 2015/05/07/ PY - 2015 DP - Amazon SP - 141 LA - English PB - Springer SN - 978-3-319-15523-4 ST - Why Greatness Cannot Be Planned ER - TY - RPRT TI - Changes for Justice Project - Final Report AU - Chemonics International CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/05// PY - 2015 PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Improving the Measurement of Civic Space AU - Malena, Carmen AB - ‘Civic space’ – i.e. the freedom and means to speak, access information, associate, organise, and participate in public decision-making – is essential to the healthy functioning and development of any society and a precondition for accountable governance and social justice. When civic space is restricted, human and civil rights are denied, government accountability is jeopardised, … DA - 2015/05// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative ST - Report launch UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/reports/report-launch-improving-the-measurement-of-civic-space Y2 - 2016/03/24/17:29:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Investment Climate Reform: Doing it Differently AU - Manuel, Clare T2 - Synthesis Paper, 1 AB - LASER synthesis papers aim to help donors and other stakeholders better understand why and how to approach investment climate reform programming differently. The papers reflect emerging best practice and lessons learnt on what works and what does not work in doing development differently. The papers have been peer-reviewed by experts in the field including senior advisers at DFID, World Bank, IFC and the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (amongst others). First synthesis paper - Investment climate reform: doing it differently June 2015 Drawing on our experience in taking a problem-focused approach to investment climate reform, we discuss in this peer-reviewed paper emerging lessons and reflections on what works, both in recent literature and in practical experience. DA - 2015/05// PY - 2015 PB - DFID-LASER Programme UR - http://www.laserdev.org/media/1117/laser-first-synthesis-paper-investment-climate-reform-doing-it-differently.pdf Y2 - 2017/08/14/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Measuring Impact. Making Use of the Portfolio: Organizational Learning at USAID AU - Peabody, Shawn T2 - Measuring Impact AB - This technical analysis explores previous and ongoing social learning efforts, best practices, challenges, and lessons in USAID as a foundation for improving the implementation and design of the Agency’s forestry and biodiversity programs. This analysis is particularly relevant as the Bureau of Economic Growth, Education and the Environment’s Office of Forestry and Biodiversity (E3/FAB) begins to develop a Cross-Mission Learning Program under the Measuring Impact initiative, a five-year activity to promote the adoption of best practices in the USAID program cycle among Missions using biodiversity funds. The findings reported in this document can help inform the overall design and structure of the Learning Program and provide insight into possible challenges and best practices. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero SP - 40 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - RPRT TI - Supporting Learning? Exploring the relationship between grantee learning and grantmaking practice in the transparency and accountability sector AU - Ross, Jenny AB - Learning is fundamental to work on transparency and accountability in complex environments. But how can funding practices best support learning? CY - Oxford DA - 2015/04/20/ PY - 2015 PB - INTRAC ST - Supporting learning UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/news/funding-learning-and-impact-how-do-grant-making-practices-help-and-hinder-real-grantee-learning Y2 - 2016/05/06/11:17:47 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Development innovation: Taking the high road AU - Ramalingam, Ben T2 - Nesta AB - In part two of his blog on the challenges facing development innovation, Ben Ramalingam suggests how we might take the ‘high road’ to bring about long-lasting and meaningful innovation in the sector. DA - 2015/04/01/ PY - 2015 ST - Development innovation UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/development-innovation-taking-high-road Y2 - 2017/06/29/06:57:45 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Qualitative Impact Assessment Protocol (QUIP) AU - Copestake, James AU - Remnant, Fiona T2 - CDS Briefing Paper AB - This brief presents an overview of the QUIP in three steps: the background to the QUIP and its main aims; the data collection and analysis methodology; and QUIP in the context of other approaches to evaluation. Each section can be read independently, depending on time available. DA - 2015/04// PY - 2015 SP - 9 UR - http://www.bath.ac.uk/cds/documents/quip-briefing-paper-march-2015.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mobilizing Accountability: Citizens, Movements and the State AU - Halloran, Brendan AU - Flores, Walter DA - 2015/04// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/news/mobilizing-accountability-citizens-movements-and-the-state Y2 - 2016/04/05/14:48:17 ER - TY - DATA TI - Straws-in-the-wind, Hoops and Smoking Guns: What can Process Tracing Offer to Impact Evaluation? AU - Punton, Melanie AU - Welle, Katharina AB - This CDI Practice Paper by Melanie Punton and Katharina Welle explains the methodological and theoretical foundations of process tracing, and discusses its potential application in international development impact evaluations. It draws on two early applications of process tracing for assessing impact in international development interventions: Oxfam Great Britain (GB)’s contribution to advancing universal health care in Ghana, and the impact of the Hunger and Nutrition Commitment Index (HANCI) on policy change in Tanzania. In a companion to this paper, Practice Paper 10 Annex describes the main steps in applying process tracing and provides some examples of how these steps might be applied in practice. DA - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en NV - 10 PB - Centre for Development Impact ST - Straws-in-the-wind, Hoops and Smoking Guns UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/5997 Y2 - 2019/06/21/18:48:54 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Nairobi Is Organizing- Grassroots Organizing &Public Participation for Social Change AU - TISA AB - The Institute for Social Accountability DA - 2015/03/23/ PY - 2015 UR - http://www.tisa.or.ke/index.php/blog/post/nairobi-is-organizing Y2 - 2016/04/28/15:42:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Journalism from the ‘Silicon Savannah’: The Vexed Relationship Between Nairobi’s Newsmakers and its ICT4D Community AU - Benequista, Nicholas T2 - Stability: International Journal of Security and Development AB - During the course of a year-long knowledge exchange initiative called the Networked News Lab, a small group of Kenyan journalists and a PhD researcher from the London School of Economics and Political Science sought to identify opportunities for collaboration between newsmakers and practitioners from the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D). In almost every instance, the project failed to promote cooperation between the two groups, though it succeeded in highlighting the fundamental issues that separate them. Drawing from interviews, project documents and participant observation, this chapter describes the incompatibilities between the two communities and what they suggest about current efforts to strengthen journalism in Africa through the application of ICTs. DA - 2015/03/16/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.5334/sta.fc DP - www.stabilityjournal.org VL - 4 IS - 1 LA - en SN - 2165-2627 ST - Journalism from the ‘Silicon Savannah’ UR - http://www.stabilityjournal.org/articles/10.5334/sta.fc/ AN - Non-random Y2 - 2016/09/08/14:57:59 KW - ICT4D KW - ICTs KW - IMPORTANT KW - Journalism KW - Kenya KW - state-building ER - TY - RPRT TI - Scaling: Innovations Missing Middle AU - McClure, Dan AU - Gray, Ian DA - 2015/03/13/ PY - 2015 PB - ThoughtWorks UR - https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/scaling-innovations-missing-middle Y2 - 2016/09/08/16:43:32 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Development innovation: Fad, silo or catalyst? AU - Ramalingam, Ben T2 - Nesta AB - In the first of a two-part blog piece, Ben Ramalingam, affiliate of the Overseas Development Institute / Institute of Development Studies, discusses the challenges of implementing innovation in to the development sector - from keeping expectations realistic to managing the innovation process and assessing impact and value. DA - 2015/03/12/ PY - 2015 ST - Development innovation UR - http://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/development-innovation-fad-silo-or-catalyst Y2 - 2017/06/29/06:57:41 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and Working Politically: Professional Development Reading Pack AU - Booth, David DA - 2015/03// PY - 2015 SP - 3 PB - GSDRC Applied Knowledge services SN - 13 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10106.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Effective Governance. Strategy for Australia’s aid investments AU - DFAT CY - Canberra DA - 2015/03// PY - 2015 PB - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government UR - http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/effective-governance-strategy-for-australias-aid-investments.pdf Y2 - 2017/08/21/16:04:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing legal empowerment differently: Learning from pro-poor litigation in Bangladesh AU - O'Neil, Tam AU - Valters, Craig AU - Farid, Cynthia AB - Marginalised groups and their allies can, and do, use the law and justice systems, including public interest litigation, to improve their access to rights, goods and services.  Yet there is no automatic link between legal action and improved outcomes for poor people.  Where some minimum conditions are met – a progressive legal framework, a sympathetic judiciary and legal advocacy organisation – pro-poor litigation is a potential tool in disputes over rights and resources.  But concrete benefits for poor people also requires state action to enforce progressive rulings.  Much depends on whether claimants, legal activists and state reformers cooperate around shared interests, and whether activists can negotiate power and interest structures to motivate government action to implement rulings.  Effective strategies are those that link litigation with grassroots legal action and other forms of political and social activism and advocacy.  Donors need to fund legal advocacy organisations in ways that enable them to select social issues that are locally relevant and political feasible – and allows activists and reformers to work in politically smart and adaptive ways. DA - 2015/03// PY - 2015 M3 - Case Study PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9585.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Beyond enforcement: communities, governance, incentives and sustainable use in combating wildlife crime. Symposium Report. AU - Roe, Dilys DA - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DP - pubs.iied.org PB - IIED ST - Beyond enforcement UR - http://pubs.iied.org/G03903/ Y2 - 2019/02/25/15:45:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The effect of government responsiveness on future political participation AU - Mellon, Andrew Jonathan AU - Sjoberg, Fredrik Matias AU - Peixoto, Tiago Carneiro AB - What effect does government responsiveness have on political participation? Since the 1940s political scientists have used attitudinal measures of perceived efficacy to explain participation. More recent work has focused on underlying genetic factors that condition citizen engagement. The authors develop a ‘calculus of participation’ that incorporates objective efficacy, the extent to which an individual’s participation actually has an impact, and test the model against behavioral data from FixMyStreet.com (n=399,364). The authors find that a successful first experience using FixMyStreet.com (e.g., reporting a pothole and having it fixed) is associated with a 54 percent increase in the probability of an individual submitting a second report. The authors also show that the experience of government responsiveness to the first report submitted has predictive power over all future report submissions. The findings highlight the importance of government responsiveness for fostering an active citizenry, while demonstrating the value of incidentally collected data to examine participatory behavior at the individual level. DA - 2015/02/26/23:50:02 PY - 2015 DP - documents.worldbank.org SP - 1 EP - 33 LA - en PB - The World Bank SN - 99519 UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25051854/effect-government-responsiveness-future-political-participation Y2 - 2016/04/03/11:16:24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Between logframes and theory of change: reviewing debates and a practical experience AU - Prinsen, Gerard AU - Nijhof, Saskia T2 - Development in Practice AB - Theory of Change (ToC) is an emerging methodology in the practice of development programmes, often contrasted with the dominant logical framework. This article reviews current debates around ToC before identifying five aspects that are appreciated in practice. It appears that these aspects mostly cover areas where the logical framework is not – or is no longer – meeting the needs of practitioners. Subsequently, the article analyses experiences in ToC training for NGO staff and concludes that ToC can address shortcomings of the logical framework – if only by going back to some of the roots of the logical framework. DA - 2015/02/17/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1080/09614524.2015.1003532 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 234 EP - 246 SN - 0961-4524 ST - Between logframes and theory of change UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2015.1003532 Y2 - 2023/01/12/12:26:31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysing ICT and Development from the Perspective of the Capabilities Approach: A Study in South Brazil AU - Coelho, Taiane Ritta AU - Segatto, Andréa Paula AU - Frega, José Roberto T2 - The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries AB - Certain international agencies propose that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) allows development to be reached more efficiently and quickly. While there are success stories galore, there is acknowledgement of not all investments in ICT bringing positive effects towards development. Following the Capabilities Approach, this paper discusses how the use of ICT can promote a more effective development by studying the case of Sudotec (association for technological and industrial development), a non-profit organization that saw in ICT the opportunity to change the local scenario. The results revealed positive effects of the use of ICT in social, economical and cultural spheres, but not presenting political effect. DA - 2015/02/07/ PY - 2015 DP - www.ejisdc.org VL - 67 IS - 0 LA - en SN - 16814835 ST - Analysing ICT and Development from the Perspective of the Capabilities Approach UR - http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1458 Y2 - 2016/07/27/15:02:03 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Citizens’ Use of New Media in Authoritarian Regimes: A Case Study of Uganda AU - Grönlund, Åke AU - Wakabi, Wairagala T2 - The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries AB - By subsidizing the costs of civic participation, the use of the Internet use is believed to stimulate participation but there are fears that intensive Internet use causes withdrawal from public life. This paper investigates the connection between the way individuals participate online and offline in authoritarian, low-income regimes, and the nature of eParticipation among citizens in authoritarian regimes such as Uganda. Based on personal interviews with 116 Internet users, the study found that common drivers of eParticipation, such as low cost, security and anonymity are hard to transplant into the offline world for citizens of authoritarian states such as Uganda. Perceived risks of retribution and intimidation for expressing a particular opinion or supporting a political cause mean that citizen-to-citizen participation is the predominant form but still at low levels, while citizen-to-government participation is negligible. DA - 2015/02/07/ PY - 2015 DP - www.ejisdc.org VL - 67 IS - 0 LA - en SN - 16814835 ST - Citizens’ Use of New Media in Authoritarian Regimes UR - http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1437 Y2 - 2016/07/27/15:01:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The journey from rhetoric to reality: participatory evaluation in a development context AU - Chouinard, Jill Anne AU - Cousins, J. Bradley T2 - Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability AB - In this paper, we focus on participatory evaluation in the context of international development and specifically on the emerging empirical knowledge base. In a prior review and critique of research on participatory evaluation (Cousins and Chouinard 2012), we examined 121 studies, with only 21 (17 %) situated in development contexts. However, the circumstances and challenges for international development and for development evaluation are distinct from those found in developed countries and therefore warrant separate consideration. To provide a more focused and detailed understanding of participatory evaluation in international development contexts, in this paper we augment our initial sample to a total of 40 studies on participatory evaluation in development published over the past 16.5 years. Based on an analysis of this research and related theoretical and conceptual contributions we identify and discuss eight emergent themes: multiplicity of relationships, consequences of stakeholder selection, characterization of participation, contextual complexity, methodological requirements, cultural influence, politics and power and learning and capacity building. We conclude with some reflections on an agenda for research. DA - 2015/02/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1007/s11092-013-9184-8 DP - Springer Link VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 39 J2 - Educ Asse Eval Acc LA - en SN - 1874-8600 ST - The journey from rhetoric to reality UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-013-9184-8 Y2 - 2020/10/15/14:31:11 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Introduction to Project Management - The Case of GIZ Projects AU - Lacroix, Eric J. AB - In this course, we will try to understand the complexity and the structure of the management of a development project implemented by the GIZ for the German Development cooperation. We will first define the frame of management and project to enter in the map of two logics. Then, we will overfly the 5 success factors of Capacity WORKS, with concrete examples in annexe. It will bring us to the monitoring, the standard processes in GIZ cooperation projects, the basic tools for project implementation and the evaluation. The team building will allow us to enter in a specific aspect of project management. CY - Khulna, Bangladesh DA - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero SP - 58 LA - en PB - Khulna University UR - https://ericpublications.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/20150225_project_management_course_notes.pdf Y2 - 2023/10/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adapting development: improving services to the poor AU - Wild, Leni AU - Booth, David AU - Cummings, Clare AU - Foresti, Marta AU - Wales, Joseph AB - On current trends, it will take decades or longer to bring basic services to the world’s most disadvantaged people. Meeting this challenge means recognising the political conditions that enable or obstruct development progress - a radical departure from the approach of the Millennium Development Goals. CY - London DA - 2015/02// PY - 2015 PB - ODI ST - Adapting development UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/8125-adapting-development-service-delivery-sdgs Y2 - 2016/05/11/12:37:16 KW - Practice ER - TY - BOOK TI - Understanding Indicators And Monitoring For Sustainability In The Context Of Complex Social-Ecological Systems AU - Haider, L. Jamila AU - Iribarrem, Alvaro AU - Gardner, Toby AU - Latawiec, Agnieszka E AU - Alves-Pinto, Helena AU - Strassburg, Bernardo CY - Warsaw, Poland DA - 2015/01/31/ PY - 2015 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - De Gruyter Open SN - 978-3-11-045050-7 UR - http://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9783110450507/9783110450507/9783110450507.xml Y2 - 2019/05/04/03:33:31 ER - TY - NEWS TI - Meant to Keep Malaria Out, Mosquito Nets Are Used to Haul Fish In AU - Gettleman, Jeffrey T2 - The New York Times AB - Nets like his are widely considered a magic bullet against malaria — one of the cheapest and most effective ways to stop a disease that kills at least half a million Africans each year. But Mr. Ndefi and countless others are not using their mosquito nets as global health experts have intended. Nobody in his hut, including his seven children, sleeps under a net at night. Instead, Mr. Ndefi has taken his family’s supply of anti-malaria nets and sewn them together into a gigantic sieve that he uses to drag the bottom of the swamp ponds, sweeping up all sorts of life: baby catfish, banded tilapia, tiny mouthbrooders, orange fish eggs, water bugs and the occasional green frog CY - BANGWEULU WETLANDS, Zambia DA - 2015/01/24/ PY - 2015 SE - AFRICA UR - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/world/africa/mosquito-nets-for-malaria-spawn-new-epidemic-overfishing.html?_r=1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - (Breaking) The Iron Triangle of Evaluation AU - Reynolds, Martin T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2015/01/19/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12122 VL - 46 IS - 1 LA - en SN - 1759-5436 UR - http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/125 Y2 - 2017/05/07/19:18:26 KW - Evaluation KW - impact ER - TY - BLOG TI - The limits of agile - can we apply it to policy making? AU - Ollerhead, Lisa AB - Bringing new policy tools and techniques to the UK Government DA - 2015/01/15/ PY - 2015 M3 - UK.GOV Policy Lab ST - The limits of agile - can we apply it to policy making? UR - https://openpolicy.blog.gov.uk/2015/01/27/towards-a-theory-of-agile-for-policy-making/ Y2 - 2016/11/02/15:28:44 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Thoughts on the use of hypotheses in adaptive management AU - Sparkman, Timothy T2 - BEAM Exchange AB - New insights, opinions and perspectives on market systems development, from experts and practitioners. DA - 2015/01/06/ PY - 2015 ST - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/community/blogs/2015/1/6/timsparkman/ Y2 - 2016/10/25/19:31:37 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Management not models: adaptability, responsiveness, and a few lessons from football AU - Maclay, Christopher T2 - Development in Practice AB - Despite a swathe of critiques of logframes and other blueprint approaches to development over the last 30 years, most aid infrastructure continues to concentrate on the design and subsequent implementation of closed models. This article does not propose an alternative to blueprints, but challenges the inflexibility of their implementation, which is inadequate given the complex nature of social change. It proposes a supplementary management and learning approach which enables implementers to be dynamic, adaptive, and responsive to problems and opportunities. Emphasising the role of donors, the paper presents a case study of one donor-led programme in Bangladesh doing just this. DA - 2015/01/02/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1080/09614524.2015.983460 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 57 SN - 0961-4524 ST - Management not models UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2015.983460 Y2 - 2022/12/05/21:47:44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards informed and multi-faceted wildlife trade interventions AU - Challender, Daniel W.S. AU - Harrop, Stuart R. AU - MacMillan, Douglas C. T2 - Global Ecology and Conservation AB - International trade in wildlife is a key threat to biodiversity conservation. CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, seeks to ensure international wildlife trade is sustainable, relying on trade bans and controls. However, there has been little comprehensive review of its effectiveness and here we review approaches taken to regulate wildlife trade in CITES. Although assessing its effectiveness is problematic, we assert that CITES boasts few measurable conservation successes. We attribute this to: non-compliance, an over reliance on regulation, lack of knowledge and monitoring of listed species, ignorance of market forces, and influence among CITES actors. To more effectively manage trade we argue that interventions should go beyond regulation and should be multi-faceted, reflecting the complexity of wildlife trade. To inform these interventions we assert an intensive research effort is needed around six key areas: (1) factors undermining wildlife trade governance at the national level, (2) determining sustainable harvest rates for, and adaptive management of CITES species, (3) gaining the buy-in of local communities in implementing CITES, (4) supply and demand based market interventions, (5) means of quantifying illicit trade, and (6) political processes and influence within CITES. DA - 2015/01/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.11.010 VL - 3 SP - 129 EP - 148 J2 - Global Ecology and Conservation SN - 2351-9894 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989414000791 KW - CITES KW - Community conservation KW - Compliance KW - Economics KW - Regulation KW - Wildlife trade ER - TY - RPRT TI - Qualitative Comparative Analysis - A Rigorous Qualitative Method for Assessing Impact AU - Baptist, Carrie AU - Befani, Barbara DA - 2015/01// PY - 2015 PB - Coffey UR - http://www.coffey.com/assets/Ingenuity/Qualitative-Comparative-Analysis-June-2015.pdf Y2 - 2016/05/12/10:50:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Who is ICT innovation for? Challenges to existing theories of innovation, a Kenyan Case Study AU - Marchant, Eleanor T2 - CGCS Occasional Paper Series CY - Philadelphia DA - 2015/01// PY - 2015 DP - Google Scholar PB - University of Pennsylvania UR - http://www.global.asc.upenn.edu/app/uploads/2015/01/Marchant_Who-is-ICT-Innovation-for.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/08/14:55:24 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Transparency, Participation, & Accountability Grantmaking Strategy DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION UR - http://www.hewlett.org/sites/default/files/TransparencyParticipationandAccountabilityweb.pdf Y2 - 2016/05/11/10:41:15 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Agile Glossary and Terminology AU - Agile Alliance T2 - Agile Alliance AB - Learn the unique terminology used in Agile development from the experts at Agile Alliance. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.agilealliance.org/agile101/agile-glossary Y2 - 2017/02/19/14:04:46 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Subway Map to Agile Practices AU - Agile Alliance T2 - Agile Alliance AB - AGILE 101 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - http://www.agilealliance.org/agile101/subway-map-to-agile-practices Y2 - 2019/06/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Afterword: Alabert Hirschman observed AU - Alacevich, Michele T2 - Development Projects Observed AB - Albert Hirschman considered Development Projects Observed a natural sequel to his earlier work. As Hirschman put it to an old acquaintance at the World Bank, his previous books identified the inner and often hidden mechanisms of development sequences: “Having worked out a few basic hypotheses …, I could perhaps test them (and hit on some new ones) by looking at Bank-financed projects that have had enough time to give rise to such sequences.”¹ But as much as it appeared as the logical evolution of Hirschman’s intellectual trajectory, this new research was also the offshoot of an important crisis in development C2 - SUNSTEIN, CASS R. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - JSTOR SP - 175 EP - 190 PB - Brookings Institution Press ST - AFTERWORD UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt7zsw04.12 Y2 - 2022/07/11/09:40:16 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Doing Problem Driven Work AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Woolcock, Michael T2 - HKS Working Paper DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Harvard University SN - 073 UR - http://ssrn.com/abstract=2700308 Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - ELEC TI - Appreciative Inquiry Australia AU - Appreciative Inquiry Australia AB - The site provides news and information on AI events and learning opportunities in Australia and also provides an archive of articles and discussions centred on the use of AI. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - http://appreciativeinquiry.com.au/ Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Digital lives in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda AU - Bailur, Savita AU - Donner, Jonathan AU - Locke, Chris AU - Schoemaker, Emrys AU - Smart, Charlotte DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Caribou Digital UR - http://cariboudigital.net/new/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Caribou-Digital-Digital-Lives-in-Ghana-Kenya-and-Uganda.pdf Y2 - 2016/04/20/10:52:02 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Institutional Change, Political Economy, and State Capabilities : Learning from Edo State, Nigeria AU - Bain, Katherine AU - Porter, Doug AU - Watts, Michael T2 - Justice, security, and development series AB - This paper is one of a series aimed at deepening the World Bank’s capacity to follow through on commitments made in response to the World Development Report (WDR) 2011, which gave renewed prominence to the nexus between conflict, security, and development. Nigeria is a remarkable illustration of how deeply intractable the cycle of poverty, conflict, and fragility can become when tied to the ferocious battles associated with the political economy of oil. This paper places the corpus of analytic and programmatic work concerning institutional reform in conversation with a now substantial body of work on resource politics and most especially, the debate over the politico-institutional character (sometimes called political settlements or pacting arrangements associated with the order of power) and reform landscape of the petro-state. Recent institution reform policy writing appears to have little to say about the political and economic conditions in which crises and institutional disjunctures may authorize, and thereby enable, agents to embark on institutional reforms. The authors focus on Edo state for two reasons. First, it does not on its face appear to be an obvious location in which to explore a reform experience, given its entanglement in the Niger Delta conflict and the maladies typically associated with state fragility. Second, Edo is of interest also because of the changes that its experience is contributing to the World Bank country team’s effort to engage operationally across all its instruments with the political economy of institutional reform in Nigeria, its largest client country in Africa. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - World Bank UR - https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22379 Y2 - 2018/01/17/19:56:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction - Towards Systemic Approaches to Evaluation and Impact AU - Befani, Barbara AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Stern, Elliot T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2015/01// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12116 DP - CrossRef VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 LA - en SN - 02655012 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1759-5436.12116 Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:29:04 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Still watering white elephants? The blueprint versus process debate thirty years on AU - Booth, David T2 - Perspectives on politics, production and public administration in Africa: essays in honour of Ole Therkildsen A2 - Kjær, Anne Mette A2 - Engberg-Pedersen, Lars A2 - Buur, Lars CY - Copenhagen DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Open WorldCat LA - en PB - DIIS SN - 978-87-7605-746-6 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Impact assessment and the quest for the Holy Grail AU - Bymolt, Roger T2 - KIT Working papers CY - Amsterdam DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - KIT Royal Tropical Institute SN - 2015-3 UR - https://www.kit.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Impact-assessment-and-the-quest-for-the-holy-Grail.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/12/15:04:24 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Appreciative Inquiry Principles AU - Coaching Leaders AB - This article, written by Emotional Intelligence Coach Andy Smith, describes the anticipatory principle which is one of the underpinnings of Appreciative Inquiry (AI). It argues that it is easier and more effective to move towards a positive imagined future than away from a negative one. It is principle number 4 in a series of principles outlined. More principle are listed below. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://coachingleaders.co.uk/category/appreciative-inquiry/appreciative-inquiry-principles/ Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Advocacy Strategy Framework. A tool for articulating an advocacy theory of change AU - Coffman, Julia AU - Beer, Tanya CY - Washington D.C. DA - 2015/03// PY - 2015 PB - Center for Evaluation Innovation UR - http://www.evaluationinnovation.org/sites/default/files/Adocacy%20Strategy%20Framework.pdf Y2 - 2016/11/12/17:57:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Five Ways to Make a Difference: Perceptions of Practitioners Working in Urban Neighborhoods AU - Durose, Catherine AU - van Hulst, Merlijn AU - Jeffares, Stephen AU - Escobar, Oliver AU - Agger, Annika AU - de Graaf, Laurens T2 - Public Administration Review DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1111/puar.12502 DP - CrossRef LA - en SN - 00333352 ST - Five Ways to Make a Difference UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/puar.12502 Y2 - 2016/04/03/11:02:26 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social learning and climate change adaptation: evidence for international development practice AU - Ensor, Jonathan AU - Harvey, Blane T2 - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change AB - The potential for social learning to address complex, interconnected social and environmental challenges, such as climate change adaptation, is receiving increasing attention in research and practice. Social learning approaches vary, but commonly include cycles of knowledge sharing and joint action to co-create knowledge, relationships, and practices among diverse stakeholders. This results in learning and change that goes beyond the individual into communities, networks, or systems. Many authors have focused on analysis of case studies to better understand the contexts in which such learning occurs. In this paper, we look across this literature to draw out lessons for international development practice. To support those looking to purposively design social learning interventions for adaptation, we focus on four areas: lessons learned and the principles adopted when using a social learning approach, examples of tools and methods used, approaches to evaluating social learning, and examples of its impact. While we identify important lessons for practice within each of these areas, three cross-cutting themes emerge. These are: the importance of developing a shared view among those initiating learning processes of how change might happen and of how social learning fits within it, linking this locus of desired change to the tools employed; the centrality of skilled facilitation and in particular how practitioners may shift toward being participants in the collective learning process; and the need to attend to social difference, recognizing the complexity of social relations and the potential for less powerful actors to be co-opted in shared decision making. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:509–522. doi: 10.1002/wcc.348 This article is categorized under: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1002/wcc.348 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - 509 EP - 522 LA - en SN - 1757-7799 ST - Social learning and climate change adaptation UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wcc.348 Y2 - 2019/05/02/17:32:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Producer-led value chain analysis: The missing link in value chain development AU - Ghore, Yogesh AB - Introduction and rationale The concept of a value chain is increasingly being applied in the design and implementation of development programs aimed at poverty reduction. As an analytical tool, it provides a useful framework for understanding key activities, relationships, and mechanisms that allow producers, processors, buyers, sellers, and consumers—separated by time and space—to gradually add value to products and services as they pass from one link of the chain to another, making it a “value chain” (UNIDO, 2009). While it has been popular in the private sector ever since it was conceptualized by Michael Porter in the 1980s, more recently various donors and governments have shown interest in its use and have applied it to a range of development interventions, particularly in the area of sector development, livelihoods promotion, small and medium enterprise (SME) development, and rural and economic development. Academics and development organizations have designed numerous instruments for value chain analysis (VCA) and implementation. Beginning in the early 2000s, international organizations and donor agencies have sponsored the development of these tools, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the International Labour Organization (ILO). These guides and tools have been used in many development programs to address organizational, donor and local and regional priorities for development. While VCA guides and tools are important in understanding markets and relationships among key stakeholders, a recent comparative review of popularly used guides by Donovan et al. (2013) suggests that most of these guides are designed to be implemented independently of the local context and do not sufficiently focus on mutual learning, whether related to tool design or to the outcomes and impacts of the designed project activities. VCA is often conducted by external experts and the knowledge generated in the process is often confined to reports. Without the capacity building and effective participation of women and men producers—smallholder farmers who hold critical knowledge about the local context—an important link is missing in the entire process of VCA. The insufficient attention to the human, social, and other contextual factors undermines the full potential of the value chain systems approach, not only for economic outcomes, but for the long term sustainability of the intended benefits. So what are the ways to effectively engage producers in the community in the VCA? The producer-led process described here tries to address this basic question. It introduces simplified tools and an approach that ensures farmer participation in data collection, analysis, and identification of opportunities and constraints, and design of value chain interventions. This participation requires: a) an environment in which they feel comfortable to share their knowledge and insights, which is often not the case when extractive surveys and questionnaires are administered to collect information; and b) the use of simple and participatory tools that will allow them to provide inputs into the process of VCA and also help them to understand complex value chain systems and use this understanding for making livelihood decisions. The key steps and tools described are aimed at empowering the women and men farmers to make informed decisions about their own enterprises and how they relate to the value chain, thereby directly contributing to, and influencing, the overall process of value chain development. The process of VCA involving these steps and tools was developed at Coady Institute and first tested with Oxfam Canada and its local partners in Ethiopia in August 2012. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Coady ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cooperation Management for Practitioners: Managing Social Change With Capacity Works A3 - GIZ DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Springer Gabler SN - 978-3-658-07904-8 UR - https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783658079048 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Opening the black box: the contextual drivers of social accountability AU - Grandvoinnet, Helene AU - Aslam, Ghazia AU - Raha, Shomikho T2 - New frontiers of social policy CY - Washington, DC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 317 LA - eng PB - World Bank Group SN - 978-1-4648-0481-6 978-1-4648-0482-3 ST - Opening the black box KW - Social accounting ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can SMS-Mobilization Increase Citizen Reporting of Public Service Deficiencies to Politicians? AU - Grossman, Guy AU - Michelitch, Kristin AU - Santamaria, Marta DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Google Scholar UR - https://sites.sas.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/ggros/files/gmm_v12.pdf Y2 - 2016/04/27/09:12:36 ER - TY - GEN TI - Navigating the Evidence on Transparency, Participation and Accountability: What Insights Have Emerged? What Gaps Remain? - Terms of reference for the Consultant Author(s) AU - Halloran, Brendan AB - Example of Terms of Reference for a Report on TAP. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 ER - TY - BLOG TI - HERMES (Highly Extensible Resource for Modeling Event-Driven Supply Chains) AU - HERMES T2 - hermes.psc.edu AB - Systems modeling is a tool for policymakers and program managers to capture all the direct and indirect effects of changes to a supply chain, identify sustainable solutions to the root causes of issues and save time, effort and resources in costly trial and error. Without systems modeling, evaluating the supply chain, identifying gaps, and implementing solutions can be insufficient, unsustainable and costly. Stock2 Vaccine supply chains are complex systems, comprising all the equipment, personnel, policies and processes needed to deliver a vaccine from its point of origin to the population. Understanding how the various components of a vaccine supply chain interact with each other is critical to evaluating supply chain function, identifying the root causes of issues and formulating sustainable solutions. HERMES (Highly Extensible Resource for Modeling Event-Driven Supply Chains) is a software program that allows users to generate a detailed computer simulation model of a supply chain DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - http://hermes.psc.edu/ Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Logics of Government Innovation and Reform Management in China AU - Husain, Lewis AB - Since the beginning of reforms in the late 1970s, China has developed rapidly, transforming itself into a middle-income country, raising hundreds of millions out of poverty and, latterly, developing broad-based social protection systems. The country’s approach to reform has been unorthodox, leading many to talk of a specific Chinese model of development. This paper analyses the role of innovation (chuangxin) and experimentation in the Chinese government repertoire and their contribution to management of change during the rapid, complex and interconnected reforms that China is undergoing. ‘Innovation’ is understood as the process of generation, putting into use, and spread, of new ideas. This contemporary focus on innovation is an extension of an older Chinese government attachment to sub-national initiative in policy formulation and development that goes back to the beginnings of the PRC and before. Central government backing for, and endorsement of, proactive agency on the part of sub-national governments responds to a belief that China is too large, and conditions around the country too diverse, to allow adoption of ‘one size fits all’ policy. Sub-national governments are expected to show initiative in adapting policy locally, and creating locally-useable policy solutions within the overall scope of central policy mandates/ paradigms. The paper argues that innovation by sub-national government is systemically embedded: while central government sets the policy agenda, local governments are frontline managers, and develop a range of policy practices. Differences in conditions between localities mean that multiple variant policy practices are often in circulation at any one time. While innovation is not quantifiable in the aggregate, there is much controlled experimentation, freewheeling innovation, and trial and error, all of which are part of a search for new policy fixes and institutional solutions. Many forms of policy transfer and learning are in evidence, including much central learning from sub-national models, as well as sub-national circulation of a range of innovative policy practices. While much government innovation is not ‘original’, and may be ‘inefficient’ or of little systemic usefulness, overall, the churn of government innovation remains valuable in underpinning systemic adaptation and reform. The paper situates the analysis of government innovation within a larger framework on the functioning of Chinese government and international literature on policy transfer, and outlines an agenda for future research on the structural bases of Chinese government innovation and its contribution to adaptive management. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero SP - 39 LA - en PB - STEPS centre ER - TY - RPRT TI - Enabling citizen-driven improvement of public services. Leveraging Technology to Strengthen Accountability in Nigerian Healthcare AU - ICT4SA AB - Effective public service delivery begins with knowing whether the services offered are working as intended. We launched a system to enable citizen input on the delivery of public services. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - World Bank and Reboot UR - https://reboot.org/case-studies/ict-for-accountable-public-service-delivery-nigeria Y2 - 2017/02/23/04:51:39 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The field guide to human-centered design: design kit AU - IDEO CY - San Francisco DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 189 LA - eng PB - IDEO SN - 978-0-9914063-1-9 ST - The field guide to human-centered design KW - Design KW - IMPORTANT KW - Methode ER - TY - JOUR TI - Facilitating collaborative problem solving with human-centred design: the Making All Voices Count governance programme in 12 countries of Africa and Asia AU - Jackson, Carl T2 - Knowledge Management for Development Journal DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 91 EP - 106 UR - http://journal.km4dev.org/index.php/km4dj/article/view/197 Y2 - 2016/09/26/11:57:54 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mobilizing Accountability: A Learning Agenda for Grassroots Organizations and Social Movements Addressing State Accountability AU - Joyce, Mary AU - Halloran, Brendan DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Learning-Agenda-for-Mobilizing-Accountability.pdf Y2 - 2016/04/05/14:48:17 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Bradford Hill Criteria for Causal Inference T2 - 2015 ANZEA Conference A2 - King, Julian AB - We think we’re good at determining causality, but we suck at it One of the great challenges in evaluation is determining whether the results we’re seeing are because of the program we’re evaluating, some other influences out there in the big world, or random chance. At one level, this is an everyday, common sense task. As a species we’ve been making judgments about causation for a million years or so. Unfortunately, though, the way we are wired does not predispose us to logical thinking. We are inclined to be led astray by all sorts of biases and heuristics. Over time, the rocket science for dealing with causation has become more sophisticated – a key example being the experimental study design or randomised controlled trial (RCT). And our evidence base about what works has been enriched as a result. But deep down we’re still biased, heuristical beings and not very good at thinking things through. We’ve become so enthusiastic about experimental designs we’re a little inclined to think they are the only way to determine whether A causes B. Such a rigid view is no much use in the real world, where there are all sorts of ethical, conceptual, practical and economic barriers that mean we can’t always conduct RCTs. Even where technically possible, they are not necessarily the best tool for every job. CY - Auckland DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.julianking.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/150602-BHC-jk5-web.pdf Y2 - 2023/09/29/10:41:30 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Improving development aid design and evaluation: Plan for sailboats, not trains AU - Kleinfeld, Rachel AB - How do reforms that require political engagement differ from traditional technical reforms? Why is political engagement different, and what are the implications for design and evaluation? How should development programmes that engage politics be designed? And how can those who fund or implement such programmes evaluate whether their efforts are contributing to reform? This report … DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace ST - Improving development aid design and evaluation UR - http://www.gsdrc.org/document-library/improving-development-aid-design-and-evaluation-plan-for-sailboats-not-trains Y2 - 2016/05/06/13:13:16 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Before the Backlash, Let’s Redefine User-Centered Design AU - Lee, Panthea T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - We must better understand user-centered design’s limitations—not just its strengths—in the context of international development. And we must adapt it from its original uses designing commercial products to solving for social good. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 VL - 13 IS - 3 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/before_the_backlash_lets_redefine_user_centered_design Y2 - 2017/02/19/16:50:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Are unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) the future of wildlife monitoring? A review of accomplishments and challenges AU - Linchant, Julie AU - Lisein, Jonathan AU - Semeki, Jean AU - Lejeune, Philippe AU - Vermeulen, Cédric T2 - Mammal Review AB - Regular monitoring of animal populations must be established to ensure wildlife protection, especially when pressure on animals is high. The recent development of drones or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) opens new opportunities. UASs have several advantages, including providing data at high spatial and temporal resolution, providing systematic, permanent data, having low operational costs and being low-risk for the operators. However, UASs have some constraints, such as short flight endurance. We reviewed studies in which wildlife populations were monitored by using drones, described accomplishments to date and evaluated the range of possibilities UASs offer to provide new perspectives in future research. We focused on four main topics: 1) the available systems and sensors; 2) the types of survey plan and detection possibilities; 3) contributions towards anti-poaching surveillance; and 4) legislation and ethics. We found that small fixed-wing UASs are most commonly used because these aircraft provide a viable compromise between price, logistics and flight endurance. The sensors are typically electro-optic or infrared cameras, but there is the potential to develop and test new sensors. Despite various flight plan possibilities, mostly classical line transects have been employed, and it would be of great interest to test new methods to adapt to the limitations of UASs. Detection of many species is possible, but statistical approaches are unavailable if valid inventories of large mammals are the purpose. Contributions of UASs to anti-poaching surveillance are not yet well documented in the scientific literature, but initial studies indicate that this approach could make important contributions to conservation in the next few years. Finally, we conclude that one of the main factors impeding the use of UASs is legislation. Restrictions in the use of airspace prevent researchers from testing all possibilities, and adaptations to the relevant legislation will be necessary in future. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1111/mam.12046 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 239 EP - 252 LA - en SN - 1365-2907 ST - Are unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) the future of wildlife monitoring? UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mam.12046 Y2 - 2019/05/04/03:02:27 KW - detection KW - drone KW - survey KW - wildlife ER - TY - CHAP TI - ICT4D and Sustainability AU - Marais, Mario T2 - The International Encyclopedia of Digital Communication and Society A2 - Mansell, Robin A2 - Ang, Peng Hwa DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Wiley Online Library PB - Wiley Blackwell SN - 978-1-118-76777-1 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118767771 Y2 - 2016/06/23/14:21:45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Useful Theory of Change Models AU - Mayne, John T2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation AB - Although theories of change are frequently discussed in the evaluation literature and there is general agreement on what a theory of change is conceptually, there is actually little agreement beyond the big picture of just what a theory of change comprises, what it shows, how it can be represented, and how it can be used. This article outlines models for theories of change and their development that have proven quite useful for both straightforward and more complex interventions. The models are intuitive, flexible, and well-defined in terms of their components, and they link directly to rigorous models of causality. The models provide a structured framework for developing useful theories of change and analyzing the intervention they represent. DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DO - 10.3138/cjpe.230 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 119 EP - 142 J2 - Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation LA - en SN - 0834-1516, 1496-7308 UR - https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/cjpe.230 Y2 - 2024/02/06/13:35:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Promise of Lean Experimentation AU - Murray, Peter AU - Ma, Steve T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - By adopting a model from business, nonprofit organizations can launch, test, and implement new programs and services more efficiently. Includes magazine extras. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 VL - 13 IS - 3 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_promise_of_lean_experimentation Y2 - 2016/09/26/17:11:24 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - CHAP TI - Monitoring and Adaptive Management AU - Ossi, Damien T2 - District of Columbia Wildlife Action Plan - 2015 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Department of Energy & Environment, Columbia UR - https://doee.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/ddoe/service_content/attachments/08%202015%20WildlifeActionPlan%20Ch7%20Monitoring%20and%20Adaptive%20Management.pdf Y2 - 2019/02/25/14:25:33 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Organizational Performance Index (OPI) Handbook: A practical guide to the OPI tool for practitioners and development professionals AU - Pact AB - This handbook is intended to help development practitioners understand how to use and what can be achieved by Pact’s Organizational Performance Index (OPI) tool. This document will provide practitioners and managers with information on how the Pact OPI works and how best to incorporate it in their country strategy or program. CY - Washington DC, United States DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Pact UR - http://hkdepo.am/up/docs/OPIhandbook_pact.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Management: Responding to the evolving needs of PRIME's complex systems AU - Picon, Diana AU - Wild, Lorenz DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Mercy Corps UR - https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/PRIME%20-%20Adaptive%20Management.pdf Y2 - 2019/05/21/09:40:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Call for Innovation in International Development AU - R4D DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Results for Development UR - http://www.r4d.org/sites/resultsfordevelopment.org/files/Call for Innovation in International Development.pdf Y2 - 2017/05/24/09:51:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strengthening the Humanitarian Innovation Ecosystem AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Rush, Howard AU - Bessant, John AU - Marshall, Nicholas AU - Gray, Bill AU - Hoffman, Kurt AU - Bayley, Simon AU - Warren, Kim CY - Brighton DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Google Scholar PB - University of Brighton UR - https://www.brighton.ac.uk/_pdf/research/centrim/humanitarian-innovation-ecosystem-research-project-final-report-with-recommendations.pdf Y2 - 2021/04/28/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Introduction to SAVI's way of working - State Accountability and Voice Initiative (SAVI) AU - SAVI AB - We are piloting a new approach to identifying and supporting our partners.  This breaks with convention in many ways in order to improve impact.  SAVI Approach Papers summarise key aspects of SAVI’s way of working. They explain what we do, and why – and link to relevant tools and frameworks. Our approach is summarized in... CY - London DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - DFID UR - http://savi-nigeria.org/introduction-to-savis-way-of-working/ Y2 - 2016/07/27/10:01:39 KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - The 2015 State of Scrum Report: How the world is applying the most popular Agile approach to projects AU - Scrum Alliance DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Scrum Alliance UR - https://www.scrumalliance.org/scrum/media/scrumalliancemedia/files%20and%20pdfs/state%20of%20scrum/scrum-alliance-state-of-scrum-2015.pdf Y2 - 2016/08/10/09:50:42 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Strategy for SDC’s work in fragile and conflict contexts AU - SDC CY - Bern DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC ER - TY - RPRT TI - USAID/Colombia Introduces Political Economy Analysis to Better Adapt Programming to Local Contexts AU - Sharp, Preston T2 - CLA Case Competition CY - Colombia DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 2 PB - USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/cla_case_competition_casestory_25_usaidcolombia_colombia.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Chaos Report 2015 AU - Standish Group DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - Standish Group ER - TY - RPRT TI - 2015 Rhode Island Wildlife Action Plan - Chapter 5 Monitoring and Adaptive Management AU - Terwilliger Consulting DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero SP - 22 LA - en PB - State of Rhode Island ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Operational Guide - for the making markets work for the poor (M4P) approach (Second Edition) AU - The Springfield Centre AB - In 2008, SDC and DFID published three documents aimed at improving the understanding and use of the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) approach: the M4P Synthesis, M4P Perspectives and M4P Operational Guide. Since then the field has grown, diversified and, importantly, learned much more. A second edition was commissioned to capture that learning, maintain the momentum and realise the ambition that development can still 'do better'. The second edition provides an accessible resource to help practitioners put the market systems development approach into practice. It explains the key principles and frameworks which guide effective intervention in – and development of – market systems. It addresses common challenges with examples of good practice based on practitioner experience. Who is it for? The Operational Guide is for people whose job entails trying to make market systems work better for poor women and men. These people include: Individuals currently involved in funding or implementing the approach. Development agencies wishing to incorporate market systems thinking and practice in their work. National stakeholders that wish to play a more strategic and catalytic role within market systems. What is new? Application, application, application! Whilst the key principles and frameworks will be familiar, the advice on their operational application – from start to finish – has been significantly bolstered Enhanced guidance on facilitation. Greater emphasis on what constitutes good facilitation practice, building on a wealth of practitioner experience More real-life examples. The Operational Guide is laced with examples from programmes past and present, working in a diverse array of systems Peer learning focus. Direct insights from practitioners, highlighting 'bumps in the road' and how to avoid them. The Guide aims to provide an accessible operational resource to help practitioners put the market systems development approach into practice. It explains the key principles and frameworks which guide the process of effective intervention in – and development of – market systems, addressing common challenges with examples of good practice based on practitioner experience. HOW SHOULD IT BE USED? The Guide explores, sequentially, the key elements of the implementation process: strategy, diagnosis, vision, intervention, measurement and management. It is not intended to be read from cover to cover; readers can go directly to the chapter most relevant to their needs without having read preceding chapters. However each chapter does build upon the preceding one and may refer to other chapters. THE GUIDE IS STRUCTURED AS FOLLOWS: INTRODUCTION Overview of the objectives, structure and format of the Guide CONTEXT A reminder of what market systems development means 1. STRATEGY Core principles and framework for setting programme strategy 2. DIAGNOSIS Core principles and framework for diagnosing system constraints 3. VISION Core principles and frameworks for defining and planning intervention 4. INTERVENTION Core principles and framework to guide effective intervention 5. MEASUREMENT Core principles and framework for measuring results 6. MANAGEMENT Key considerations in managing market systems development programmes GLOSSARY Definition of key terms used in market systems development DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 LA - en PB - SDC & DFID UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/167/ Y2 - 2021/01/15/09:22:48 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A Practical Guide for Collective Action against Corruption AU - UN Global Compact AB - All anti-corruption professionals looking to better understand the relationship between collective action and corruption should refer to these two comprehensive guides that the UN Global Compact published. The 2015 guide has modules that cover theoretical concepts, practical recommendations for undertaking CA initiatives, and multiple in-depth case studies of CA projects around the world. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - UN Global Compact UR - https://ungc-communications-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/publications/2021_Anti-Corruption_Collective.pdf Y2 - 2022/07/01/08:24:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Feasibility Study: Crowdsourcing High-frequency food price data in rural Indonesia AU - UN Global Pulse DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 2 UR - https://www.slideshare.net/unglobalpulse/feasibility-study-crowdsourcing-high-frequency-food-price-data-in-rural-indonesia Y2 - 2019/07/01/00:00:00 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Collaborate Learn Adapt - Case Competition AU - USAID T2 - USAID Learning Lab DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/cla-case-competition Y2 - 2017/02/18/13:15:34 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Using Systemic M&E Tools in Feed The Future Uganda: Sensemaker ® - Webinar A2 - USAID Learning Lab AB - This webinar is part of a series organized by SEEP's Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI), USAID's LEO project and the BEAM Exchange as a part of the "Learning with the Toolmakers" webinar series. As part of a new cycle of webinars focusing on inclusive market facilitation tools. In this series, Eric Derks and Leanne Rasmussen will share learning from this five-year, multi-million dollar USAID program, the objective of which is to increase Ugandan farmers’ use of good quality agro-inputs by fostering more inclusive systemic changes in the agro-inputs industry. Using Systemic M&E Tools in Feed The Future Uganda: Sensemaker ® This third webinar in the series, titled “,” will look at how the project team used this tool and method to monitor systemic change. Leanne and Eric will share their experiences with using the tool and give recommendations to other practitioners who are interested in applying it. What is Sensemaker ®? SenseMaker combines an innovative research methodology with patented software to collect and analyze large quantities of narratives in order to understand complex change. It brings together insights from complexity sciences, anthropology, and cognitive science. It uses participants’ narratives to uncover foundational attitudes and norms that inform and influence behavior. This webinar is organized by SEEP's Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI), USAID's LEO project and the BEAM Exchange as a part of the "Learning with the Toolmakers" webinar series. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/events/using-systemic-me-tools-feed-future-uganda-sensemaker-%C2%AE ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support integrated coastal management in a multiuser nature reserve AU - Vugteveen, Pim AU - van Katwijk, Marieke M. AU - Rouwette, Etiënne AU - Lenders, H. J. Rob AU - Hanssen, Lucien T2 - Ecology and Society AB - ABSTRACT. We elaborate the necessary conceptual and strategic elements for developing an effective adaptive monitoring network to support Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in a multiuser nature reserve in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. We discuss quality criteria and enabling actions essential to accomplish and sustain monitoring excellence to support ICM. The Wadden Sea Long-Term Ecosystem Research project (WaLTER) was initiated to develop an adaptive monitoring network and online data portal to better understand and support ICM in the Dutch Wadden Sea Region. Our comprehensive approach integrates ecological and socioeconomic data and links research-driven and policy-driven monitoring for system analysis using indicators of pressures, state, benefits, and responses. The approach and concepts we elaborated are transferable to other coastal regions to accomplish ICM in complex social-ecological systems in which scientists, multisectoral stakeholders, resource managers, and governmental representatives seek to balance long-term ecological, economic, and social objectives within natural limits. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.5751/ES-07228-200159 DP - JSTOR VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1708-3087 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269760 DB - JSTOR Y2 - 2019/07/19/20:37:51 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - ELEC TI - MSP Guide AU - Wageningen University T2 - MSP Guide AB - The MSP Guide Designing and facilitating effective multi-stakeholder partnerships Get started Download now The MSP Guide(EN, FR, ES) Explore the rationale, principles and process of designing and facilitating effective MSPs Get it now The MSP Tool Guide Detailed descriptions of 60 tried-and-tested tools to facilitate multi-stakeholder partnerships Get it now Reflection Methods: Practical Guide Proven… DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 LA - en-GB UR - https://mspguide.org/ Y2 - 2023/02/09/11:55:11 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Testing the Waters: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Success in Rendering Water Services Sustainable Based on ICT Reporting AU - Welle, Katharina AU - Williams, Jennifer AU - Pearce, Joseph AU - Befani, Barbara AB - This research conducted by WaterAid, Itad and IRC aims to understand the factors that facilitate and inhibit the success of ICT-based reporting to improve rural water supply sustainability. DA - 2015//16/ PY - 2015 PB - MAVC ST - Testing the Waters UR - http://itad.com/reports/testing-the-waters-a-qualitative-comparative-analysis-of-the-factors-affecting-success-in-rendering-water-services-sustainable-based-on-ict-reporting/ Y2 - 2016/05/12/10:24:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Change in challenging contexts AU - Williamson, Tim AB - This report explores how genuine institutional change takes place in fragile and conflict-affected states reforms can be supported. CY - London DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Zotero SP - 8 LA - en PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/9877-change-challenging-contexts-how-does-it-happen ER - TY - BLOG TI - Outcome Harvesting AU - Wilson-Grau, R. T2 - Better Evaluation AB - Outcome Harvesting collects (“harvests”) evidence of what has changed (“outcomes”) and, then, working backwards, determines whether and how an intervention has contributed to these changes. Outcome Harvesting has proven to be especially useful in complex situations when it is not possible to define concretely most of what an intervention aims to achieve, or even, what specific actions will be taken over a multi-year period. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/plan/approach/outcome_harvesting Y2 - 2018/10/18/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning and Results in World Bank Operations: Toward a New Learning Strategy AU - World Bank AB - This report is the second in a program of evaluations that the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is conducting on the learning that takes place through World Bank projects. Learning and knowledge are treated as parts of a whole and are presumed to be mutually reinforcing. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - IEG , The World Bank ST - Learning and Results in World Bank Operations UR - http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/evaluations/learning-results-wb-operations2 Y2 - 2017/06/09/13:56:18 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - World Development Report 2015: Mind, Society, and Behavior AU - World Bank AB - Development economics and policy are due for a redesign. In the past few decades, research from across the natural and social sciences has provided stunning insight into the way people think and make decisions. Whereas the first generation of development policy was based on the assumption that humans make decisions deliberatively and independently, and on the basis of consistent and self-interested preferences, recent research shows that decision making rarely proceeds this way. People think automatically: when deciding, they usually draw on what comes to mind effortlessly. People also think socially: social norms guide much of behavior, and many people prefer to cooperate as long as others are doing their share. And people think with mental models: what they perceive and how they interpret it depend on concepts and worldviews drawn from their societies and from shared histories.The World Development Report 2015 offers a concrete look at how these insights apply to development policy. It shows how a richer view of human behavior can help achieve development goals in many areas, including early childhood development, household finance, productivity, health, and climate change. It also shows how a more subtle view of human behavior provides new tools for interventions. Making even minor adjustments to a decision-making context, designing interventions based on an understanding of social preferences, and exposing individuals to new experiences and ways of thinking may enable people to improve their lives.The Report opens exciting new avenues for development work. It shows that poverty is not simply a state of material deprivation, but also a “tax” on cognitive resources that affects the quality of decision making. It emphasizes that all humans, including experts and policy makers, are subject to psychological and social influences on thinking, and that development organizations could benefit from procedures to improve their own deliberations and decision making. It demonstrates the need for more discovery, learning, and adaptation in policy design and implementation. The new approach to development economics has immense promise. Its scope of application is vast. This Report introduces an important new agenda for the development community. CY - Washington DC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 234 LA - English PB - The World Bank SN - 978-1-4648-0342-0 ST - World Development Report 2015 UR - http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2015 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strategic Framework for mainstreaming citizen engagemente in World Bank Group operations AU - World Bank CY - Washington DC DA - 2014/12/05/ PY - 2014 PB - The World Bank UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/266371468124780089/pdf/929570WP0Box380ategicFrameworkforCE.pdf Y2 - 2017/10/10/07:47:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Virtuous cycles of learning: Using formative, embedded, and diagnostic developmental assessments in a large-scale leadership program AU - Stein, Z. AU - Dawson, Theo AU - Van Rossum, Zachary AU - Rothaizer, Joel AU - Hill, S. T2 - Journal of Integral Theory and Practice AB - This article presents preliminary results from a series of ongoing action-research projects involving the use of embedded diagnostic developmental assessments (called LectaTests™) in leadership education contexts. These findings are presented to support a particular metatheoretical approach to learning and education in which embedded assessments form a crucial part of ongoing virtuous cycles of action, feedback, support, and learning. We present two types of evidence. First, we compare developmental growth across eight program evaluations in which LectaTests were and were not embedded. Second, we examine how embedding LectaTests in a large-scale leadership development program affected the growth of managers and their direct reports. We review these findings with an eye toward detecting the benefits of using developmental assessment as embedded diagnostics alongside their use as research instruments. We begin by using Integral Theory to structure a discussion about the ideal function of developmental assessments in educational contexts. DA - 2014/12/01/ PY - 2014 DP - ResearchGate VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 11 ST - Virtuous cycles of learning UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299513832_Virtuous_cycles_of_learning_Using_formative_embedded_and_diagnostic_developmental_assessments_in_a_large-scale_leadership_program Y2 - 2023/11/20/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Development entrepreneurship: how donors and leaders can foster institutional change AU - Faustino, Jaime AU - Booth, David T2 - Working Politically in Practice AB - Various communities of practice have been established recently to advance the general idea of thinking and working politically in development agencies. This paper makes a contribution by describing the practice of what has been called development entrepreneurship and explaining some of the ideas from outside the field of development that have inspired it. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014 PB - The Asia Foundation SN - 2 ST - Development entrepreneurship UR - http://www.odi.org/publications/9118-development-entrepreneurship Y2 - 2016/03/23/16:47:09 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Sustainability and Value through Improved Decision-making AU - Meyer, Isabel AU - Marais, Mario T2 - Designing and implementing an Information and Communication Technology for Rural Education Development (ICT4RED) initiative in a resource-constrained environment: Nciba school district, Eastern Cape, South Africa A2 - Herselman, M.E. A2 - Botha, A. DA - 2014/12// PY - 2014 SP - 205 EP - 236 PB - CSIR UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269522606_Sustainability_and_Value_through_Improved_Decision-making Y2 - 2016/06/23/14:26:32 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Internet and Democracy Building in Lusophone African Countries AU - Salgado, Dr Susana AB - This timely book fills an important gap in the literature on the influence of the Internet and new media in Portuguese speaking African countries. Based on extensive field work throughout the region the author examines the influence of the Internet in the transition to democracy in Africa, and asks whether there are new possibilities for popular activism to emerge from evolving communication environments and media systems.The book analyses the different forms of democracy, the concept of development, and addresses the debate about the relationship between democracy and development and explores the influence of the media in the democratization process, the promises that digital media bring to this process and to development and the implications of the African digital divide. In certain countries in this region democracy and independent news media are in their infancy but are starting to take hold, giving an excellent opportunity to observe the dynamics of civil society and the influence of increased freedom, new voting powers and new media in particular. The book offers important insights into the roles and functions that the media in general, and the Internet in particular, can perform in the creation of a more democratic society, as well as in empowering and educating citizens in democratic values. DA - 2014/11/28/ PY - 2014 DP - Google Books SP - 201 LA - en PB - Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. SN - 978-1-4094-7293-3 KW - Business & Economics / Industries / Computers & Information Technology KW - History / Africa / General KW - Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy ER - TY - NEWS TI - Stop Trying to Save the World: Big ideas are destroying international development AU - Hobbes, Michael T2 - New Republic AB - Gives some examples of poorly designed interventions (e.g. The play pump) DA - 2014/11/18/ PY - 2014 UR - https://newrepublic.com/article/120178/problem-international-development-and-plan-fix-it ER - TY - BOOK TI - Practical Program Evaluation: Theory-Driven Evaluation and the Integrated Evaluation Perspective AU - Chen, Huey AB - The Second Edition of Practical Program Evaluation shows readers how to systematically identify stakeholders’ needs in order to select the evaluation options best suited to meet those needs. Within his discussion of the various evaluation types, Huey T. Chen details a range of evaluation approaches suitable for use across a program’s life cycle. At the core of program evaluation is its body of concepts, theories, and methods. This revised edition provides an overview of these, and includes expanded coverage of both introductory and more cutting-edge techniques within six new chapters. Illustrated throughout with real-world examples that bring the material to life, the Second Edition provides many new tools to enrich the evaluator’s toolbox. CY - Los Angeles DA - 2014/11/13/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon ET - Second edition SP - 464 LA - English PB - SAGE Publications, Inc SN - 978-1-4129-9230-5 ST - Practical Program Evaluation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conjunctions: Introducing Cultural Participation as a Transdisciplinary Project AU - Reestorff, Camilla Møhring AU - Fabian, Louise AU - Fritsch, Jonas AU - Stage, Carsten AU - Stephensen, Jan Løhmann T2 - Conjunctions. Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural Participation AB - In the introduction of Conjunction: Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural Participation we introduce 1) the aim of the journal, 2) the journal’s conception of transdisciplinarity as an important precondition for understanding contemporary processes and dilemmas of participation, 3) important trajectories in the existing literature on participation that focus on participation as linked to technological changes, to democratic processes of transferring power, and to complex social situations calling for analytical and evaluative frameworks able to grasp multiplicity and competing interests, and 4) the theme and articles of the this special issue: cultural participation and citizenship. DA - 2014/11/09/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.7146/tjcp.v1i1.18601 DP - www.conjunctions-tjcp.com VL - 1 IS - 1 LA - en SN - 2246-3755 ST - Conjunctions UR - http://www.conjunctions-tjcp.com/article/view/18601 Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:08:43 KW - Cultural participation KW - Participatory citizenship KW - Power dynamics KW - democracy KW - transdisciplinarity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social Design and Neocolonialism AU - Janzer, Cinnamon L. AU - Weinstein, Lauren S. T2 - Design and Culture AB - This article examines the current field of social design: its claims, practices, and methodologies. Findings discovered through qualitative research illuminate the current application of social design practices and offer critique around their use in the social sphere. This article argues that designers must be sensitive to a variety of complex social and cultural cues and structures or they risk contributing to, or practicing, design neocolonialism. The article offers two key theoretical suggestions to further the emerging field's progress. First, social design must shift its focus from one that is human-centered to one that is situation-centered. Second, it is imperative that social design develops a shared framework for understanding, executing, and evaluating its initiatives and interventions. Additionally, this article introduces a matrix to serve as an early iteration of a shared framework. DA - 2014/11/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.2752/175613114X14105155617429 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 327 EP - 343 SN - 1754-7075 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2752/175613114X14105155617429 Y2 - 2017/02/19/16:56:39 KW - Design Methodology KW - Design Thinking KW - Framework KW - Human-centered design KW - IMPORTANT KW - social design ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making All Voices Count's Research & Evidence Strategy AB - Building an evidence-base on what works in technology for voice, transparency and accountability, how, and why. DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/making-all-voices-counts-research-and-evidence-strategy/ Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:54:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluating Complexity. Propositions for improving practice AU - Preskill, Hallie AU - Gopal, Srik AB - 9 propositions can help evaluators measure progress on complex social problems. CY - Boston DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014 PB - FSG UR - http://www.fsg.org/publications/evaluating-complexity KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bridging & Bonding: Improving Links between Transparency & Accountability Actors AU - Wanjiku Kelbert, Alexandra DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/bridging-and-bonding-improving-the-links-between-transparency-and-accountability-actors/ Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:57:22 ER - TY - CONF TI - Can policy-makers think like designers? AU - Adler, Natalia T2 - A workshop on Doing Development Differently AB - This is the poster used by Natalia Adler, from Unicef, at the Doing Development Differently workshop in 2014. Can policy-makers think like designers? Since 2012, UNICEF has been supporting two autonomous governments in Nicaragua to develop empathy-driven policies for children. While policies are the final product, the goal of the Designing for Children Initiative is to make government officials think like designers. A good policy or service is nothing without active and engaged frontline workers. From the onset, our objective was to transform public employees into ‘public entrepreneurs.’ In doing so, we have disrupted the traditional assumptions about participatory governance, where it normally suffices to hold a meeting and have people talk about their needs and aspirations. For participation to work, government officials have to relearn how to listen. They have to let go of pre-determined assumptions and their expert status, and put themselves in the shoes of the people they are trying to reach. This is the process of empathy-driven policy-making. For the past two years, we have used a Human Centered Design (HCD) approach to make this happen. While HCD is often seen as an innovation in itself, for us, it’s just a means to an end: common-sense development. C1 - Cambridge, MA DA - 2014/10/23/ PY - 2014 UR - https://bsc.cid.harvard.edu/files/bsc/files/harvard_odi_poster_-_adler2.pdf Y2 - 2022/07/18/08:47:07 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Doing Development Different Manifesto AU - DDD Community AB - Statement from the October 2014 ‘Doing Development Differently’ workshop Too many development initiatives have limited impact. Schools are built but children do not learn. Clinics are built but sic… CY - Cambridge, MA DA - 2014/10/23/ PY - 2014 PB - DDD Community UR - http://doingdevelopmentdifferently.com ER - TY - RPRT TI - A workshop on Doing Development Differently AU - CID AB - October 22-23, 2014 A workshop on Doing Development Differently Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA Hosted by the Building State Capability (BSC) program at the Center for International Development at Harvard University, and the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) with funding from the Governance Partnership Facility. CY - Cambridge, MA DA - 2014/10/22/23 PY - 2014 LA - en PB - CID at Harvard University and ODI UR - https://bsc.cid.harvard.edu/doing-development-differently Y2 - 2022/07/18/08:20:21 ER - TY - CONF TI - 40 Agile Methods in 40 Minutes AU - Smith, Craig T2 - Scrum Australia 2014 AB - My presentation from Scrum Australia 2014 called “40 Agile Methods in 40 Minutes” is available on Slideshare. With 73% of the world using Scrum as their predominant Agile method, this session will … C1 - Sydney DA - 2014/10/21/T03:34:52+00:00 PY - 2014 ST - Scrum Australia 2014 UR - https://craigsmith.id.au/2014/10/21/scrum-australia-2014-40-agile-methods-in-40-minutes Y2 - 2017/02/20/12:52:27 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Scaling up co-design AU - Dearden, Andrew AU - Light, Ann AU - Zamenopoulos, Theodore AU - Graham, Paula AU - Plouviez, Emma AU - de Sousa, Sophia T2 - PDC 2014 : Reflecting connectedness : proceedings of the 13th Participatory Design Conference A2 - Winschiers-Theophilus, Heike A2 - D'Andrea, Vincenzo A2 - Iversen, Ole Sejer AB - In this paper we reflect on our experiences in a project where academic researchers and social change organizations are working together to explore how participatory and co-design practices can be disseminated and spread within the 'third sector'. The research project is itself co-designed and co-produced, but within various constraints arising from research funding models. We explore both our immediate outputs and our learning about successful co-research models for this challenge. CY - New York DA - 2014/10/06/ PY - 2014 DP - shura.shu.ac.uk SP - 67 EP - 70 LA - en PB - ACM Press SN - 978-1-4503-2256-0 UR - http://dl.acm.org.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/citation.cfm?id=2662155.2662182 Y2 - 2017/09/06/09:16:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Navigating complexity: Adaptive management in the Northern Karamoja Growth, Health & Governance program AU - Allana, Amir AB - Development actors increasing agree that managing programs adaptively – especially complex interventions – can improve their effectiveness. But what does adaptive management look like in practice? CY - Portland DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 PB - MercyCorps ST - Navigating complexity UR - https://www.mercycorps.org/research-resources/navigating-complexity-adaptive-management-northern-karamoja-growth-health Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - The SAVI programme in Nigeria: Towards politically smart, locally led devlopment AU - Booth, David AU - Chambers, Victoria AB -  More examples are needed of aid programming that works by being responsive to country realities: politically smart, problem-driven and locally led  DFID’s SAVI programme has revealed a hitherto untapped potential for change leading to better development results at state level in Nigeria  SAVI provides low-profile support to state-level organisations and partnerships, building their capacity to engage constructively with government  It avoid the pitfalls of a donor-driven approach by ‘taking the money off the table’  This illustrates the power of facilitated multi-stakeholder engagement and the disadvantages of seeing this in terms of ‘supply side’ and ‘demand side’ governance  The set-up of the DFID suite of state-level programmes, with separately managed sector support and ‘governance’ initiatives, has limited realisation of the potential  Key enabling conditions were that DFID provided space for an experience-based design process and permitted tangible results to be judged retrospectively, not pre-programmed CY - London DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 M3 - Discussion Paper PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9203.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Accountability, transparency, Participation, and Inclusion. A New Development Consensus? AU - Carothers, Thomas AU - Brechenmacher, Saskia AB - The wide-reaching consensus around the normative and instrumental value of accountability, transparency, participation, and inclusion remains less solid than enthusiasts of these concepts might wish. CY - Washington DC DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DP - Google Scholar PB - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace UR - http://carnegieendowment.org/files/new_development_consensus.pdf Y2 - 2017/05/05/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Beyond magic bullets in governance reform AU - de Gramont, Diane CY - Washington DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DP - Google Scholar PB - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace UR - http://carnegieendowment.org/files/governanace_magic_bullets.pdf Y2 - 2017/05/05/12:06:57 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - ‘We have the solutions to our own problems’: supporting civil society in Nigeria AU - Overseas Development Institute AB - Development assistance programmes that start from careful analysis of what works and what does not in country contexts are still remarkably rare. One reason for this is the lack of well documented examples of ‘politically’ smart aid programming. To this end, this film outlines the experience of the State Accountability and Voice Initiative (SAVI), a DFID-funded programme in Nigeria providing support to civil society, media and governmental organisations. CY - London DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DP - YouTube PB - ODI ST - ‘We have the solutions to our own problems’ UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oauywXo7FC0 Y2 - 2019/04/16/09:01:45 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theory of Action: Creating Craddle to Career Proof Points AU - Strive Together AB - StriveTogether’s Theory of Action provides a framework for improving educational outcomes and ensuring a community transforms how it serves children. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 PB - Strive Together UR - https://www.strivetogether.org/our-approach/theory-of-action/ Y2 - 2017/11/03/17:28:24 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - CLA for More Effective Development Programs (video) AU - USAID AB - This presentation features USAID/PPL's Stacey Young discussing the history of learning at USAID; how collaborating, learning, and adapting (CLA) can enhance development outcomes, and the role of implementing partners in supporting this vision. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DP - YouTube PB - USAID LearningLab UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7x6XdqyZzk&feature=youtu.be Y2 - 2019/05/17/13:51:45 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Scrum: The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time AU - Sutherland, Jeff AB - We live in a world that is broken. For those who believe that there must be a more agile and efficient way for people to get things done, here from Scrum pioneer Jeff Sutherland is a brilliantly discursive, thought-provoking book about the leadership and management process that is changing the way we live. In the future, historians may look back on human progress and draw a sharp line designating "before Scrum" and "after Scrum." Scrum is that ground-breaking. It already drives most of the world's top technology companies. And now it's starting to spread to every domain where leaders wrestle with complex projects. If you've ever been startled by how fast the world is changing, Scrum is one of the reasons why. Productivity gains of as much as 1200% have been recorded, and there's no more lucid - or compelling - explainer of Scrum and its bright promise than Jeff Sutherland, the man who put together the first Scrum team more than twenty years ago. The thorny problem Jeff began tackling back then boils down to this: people are spectacularly bad at doing things with agility and efficiency. Best laid plans go up in smoke. Teams often work at cross purposes to each other. And when the pressure rises, unhappiness soars. Drawing on his experience as a West Point-educated fighter pilot, biometrics expert, early innovator of ATM technology, and V.P. of engineering or CTO at eleven different technology companies, Jeff began challenging those dysfunctional realities, looking for solutions that would have global impact. In this book you'll journey to Scrum's front lines where Jeff's system of deep accountability, team interaction, and constant iterative improvement is, among other feats, bringing the FBI into the 21st century, perfecting the design of an affordable 140 mile per hour/100 mile per gallon car, helping NPR report fast-moving action in the Middle East, changing the way pharmacists interact with patients, reducing poverty in the Third World, and even helping people plan their weddings and accomplish weekend chores. Woven with insights from martial arts, judicial decision making, advanced aerial combat, robotics, and many other disciplines, Scrum is consistently riveting. But the most important reason to read this book is that it may just help you achieve what others consider unachievable - whether it be inventing a trailblazing technology, devising a new system of education, pioneering a way to feed the hungry, or, closer to home, a building a foundation for your family to thrive and prosper. CY - New York DA - 2014/09/30/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon SP - 248 LA - English PB - Crown Business SN - 978-0-385-34645-0 ST - Scrum ER - TY - BLOG TI - Perverse Payment by Results: frogs in a pot and straitjackets for obstacle courses AU - Chambers, Robert T2 - IDS - Participation, Power and Social Change AB - Posts about Robert Chambers written by idsppsc DA - 2014/09/03/ PY - 2014 UR - https://participationpower.wordpress.com/tag/robert-chambers/ Y2 - 2017/06/29/15:55:45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reading the Local Context: A Causal Chain Approach to Social Accountability AU - Joshi, Anuradha T2 - IDS Bulletin AB - There is a general consensus that ‘context’ matters for development outcomes, yet we have little understanding of how exactly ‘context’ affects outcomes. This article focuses on the question of ‘context’ in social accountability (SA) initiatives by separating macro- and micro-contextual factors. On the macro side (country level), accountability processes need to take into account broad factors such as national histories of citizen–state engagement. On the micro side, local factors can drive the extent to which SA initiatives are successful, even within otherwise broadly similar national contexts. The article outlines the basic components of accountability and proposes a ‘causal chain'strategy to better understand the micro-context. This would allow existing evidence to be reorganised to assess the promise of existing and new initiatives by deconstructing the various mini-causal pathways (i.e. in the micro-context) and understanding the contextual conditions that make them work. DA - 2014/09/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12101 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 23 EP - 35 J2 - IDS Bulletin LA - en SN - 1759-5436 ST - Reading the Local Context UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1759-5436.12101/abstract Y2 - 2016/09/15/16:28:40 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Politically smart, locally led development AU - Booth, David AU - Unsworth, Sue T2 - Discussion Paper AB - Aid donors have found it hard to move from thinking politically to working differently, but there is evidence that they can do so and that this improves outcomes. This paper presents seven examples of where adopting a politically smart, locally led approach has led to better outcomes. CY - London DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/8800-politically-smart-locally-led Y2 - 2016/05/10/11:59:19 KW - Practice ER - TY - RPRT TI - Taking Innovations to Scale: Methods, Applications and Lessons AU - Cooley, Larry AU - Linn, Johannes F. AB - The international development community increasingly recognizes the need to go beyond fragmented, one-of projects. In response, there is now much talk and some action on scaling up successful innovations and pilot projects with an explicit goal of achieving sustainable impact at scale. However, many questions remain about the practical implications of pursuing a systematic scaling up approach and about how the approaches being pursued by diferent institutions and practitioners relate to each other. CY - Washington DC DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en PB - R4D ER - TY - RPRT TI - Constituent Voice: Technical Note 1 AU - Keystone Accountability DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 PB - Keystone Accountability UR - http://keystoneaccountability.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Technical-Note-1.pdf Y2 - 2019/07/16/21:16:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - How useful are RCTs in evaluating transparency and accountability projects? AU - Leavy, Jennifer T2 - MAVC Working Paper CY - Brighton DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 PB - IDS UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/how-useful-are-rcts-in-evaluating-transparency-accountability/ Y2 - 2016/04/22/10:10:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Emerging Opportunities: Monitoring and Evaluation in a Tech-Enabled World AU - Raftree, Linda AU - Bamberger, Michael T2 - Discussion Paper AB - Monitoring and evaluation practice is using information and communication technologies for more timely data, and more inclusive voice and feedback. DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 PB - ITAD & Rockefeller Foundation ST - Emerging Opportunities UR - https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/report/emerging-opportunities-monitoring/ Y2 - 2017/02/11/11:11:49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The direction of evolution: The rise of cooperative organization AU - Stewart, John E. T2 - Biosystems T3 - SI :Patterns in Evolution AB - Two great trends are evident in the evolution of life on Earth: towards increasing diversification and towards increasing integration. Diversification has spread living processes across the planet, progressively increasing the range of environments and free energy sources exploited by life. Integration has proceeded through a stepwise process in which living entities at one level are integrated into cooperative groups that become larger-scale entities at the next level, and so on, producing cooperative organizations of increasing scale (for example, cooperative groups of simple cells gave rise to the more complex eukaryote cells, groups of these gave rise to multi-cellular organisms, and cooperative groups of these organisms produced animal societies). The trend towards increasing integration has continued during human evolution with the progressive increase in the scale of human groups and societies. The trends towards increasing diversification and integration are both driven by selection. An understanding of the trajectory and causal drivers of the trends suggests that they are likely to culminate in the emergence of a global entity. This entity would emerge from the integration of the living processes, matter, energy and technology of the planet into a global cooperative organization. Such an integration of the results of previous diversifications would enable the global entity to exploit the widest possible range of resources across the varied circumstances of the planet. This paper demonstrates that it's case for directionality meets the tests and criticisms that have proven fatal to previous claims for directionality in evolution. DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.05.006 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 123 SP - 27 EP - 36 J2 - Biosystems SN - 0303-2647 ST - The direction of evolution UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030326471400080X Y2 - 2017/05/03/09:37:35 KW - Direction of evolution KW - Evolution of a global entity KW - Evolution of cooperation KW - Evolutionary progress KW - Major evolutionary transitions ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Measuring Results & the DCED Standard T2 - DCED Webinar A2 - Tanburn, Jim AB - This page gives an introduction to the DCED Standard, which is a framework that helps practitioners to measure results in Private Sector Development (PSD). DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 UR - http://www.enterprise-development.org/measuring-results-the-dced-standard/ Y2 - 2016/12/13/16:38:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Realist Impact Evaluation: An introduction AU - Westhorp, Gill AB - • Realist evaluation is a member of a family of theory-based evaluation approaches which begin by clarifying the ‘programme theory’: the mechanisms that are likely to operate, the contexts in which they might operate and the outcomes that will be observed if they operate as expected. • Realist approaches assume that nothing works everywhere for everyone: context makes a big difference to programme outcomes. A realist evaluation asks not ‘what works?’ but ‘how or why does this work, for whom, in what circumstances?’ • Realist impact evaluation is most appropriate for evaluating new initiatives or programmes that seem to work but where ‘how and for whom’ is not yet understood; programmes that have previously demonstrated mixed patterns of outcomes; and those that will be scaled up, to understand how to adapt the intervention to new contexts. DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 SP - 12 PB - Methods Lab UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9138.pdf Y2 - 2018/11/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - What is Outcome Harvesting? AU - Wilson-Grau, Ricardo AB - Ricardo Wilson-Grau, former Chair of the Board of Stewards of the Outcome Mapping Learning Community, introduces Outcome Harvesting, an approach for retrospective identification of outcomes based on the principles of Outcome Mapping. More details here: http://www.outcomemapping.ca/nuggets/outcome-harvesting C5 - Vimeo Video DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 UR - https://vimeo.com/116856982 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Learning, Adaptation & Change: the future of Making All Voices Count AU - MAVC T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - Learning, Adaptation & Change: what Making All Voices Count has learned since September 2013 and how the programme will adapt and change in the future. DA - 2014/08/28/ PY - 2014 LA - en-US UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/news/learning-adaptation-change/ Y2 - 2018/07/27/09:09:05 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Agile, is it just a delivery mechanism? AU - Carignan, Louis-Philippe T2 - Scrum.org Community Blog AB - As a Agile coach, I refer to a few tools to help me think about where my Scrum teams should go next on their path to Agility. One of these tools is the Agile subway map, a list of Agile practices grouped in different categories. It helps me think how a specific practice could help … DA - 2014/08/27/T12:55:14-05:00 PY - 2014 UR - https://blog.scrum.org/agile-just-delivery-mechanism/ Y2 - 2016/11/14/12:11:52 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Time for a Donor Funding Charter? AU - kiwanja.net T2 - Donor's Chapter DA - 2014/08/04/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.donorscharter.org/ Y2 - 2017/06/27/12:48:07 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive Learning AU - Guerzovich, Florencia AU - Poli, Maria T2 - GPSA Note 5 DA - 2014/08// PY - 2014 PB - Global Partnership for Social Accountability UR - http://gpsaknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/NOTE_march.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/09/14:06:38 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theories of change in international development: Communication, learning, or accountability? AU - Valters, Craig T2 - JSRP Paper 17 CY - London DA - 2014/08// PY - 2014 PB - JSRP ST - Theories of change in international development UR - http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/JSRP/downloads/JSRP17.Valters.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/09/17:40:46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensing and Cyberinfrastructure for Smarter Water Management: The Promise and Challenge of Ubiquity AU - Hill David AU - Kerkez Branko AU - Rasekh Amin AU - Ostfeld Avi AU - Minsker Barbara AU - Banks M. Katherine T2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management DA - 2014/07/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000449 DP - ascelibrary.org (Atypon) VL - 140 IS - 7 SP - 01814002 J2 - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ST - Sensing and Cyberinfrastructure for Smarter Water Management UR - https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000449 Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:05:04 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating megaprojects: From the ‘iron triangle’ to network mapping AU - Lehtonen, Markku T2 - Evaluation AB - Evaluation literature has paid relatively little attention to the specific needs of evaluating large, complex industrial and infrastructure projects, often called ‘megaprojects’. The abundant megaproject governance literature, in turn, has largely focused on the so-called ‘megaproject pathologies’, i.e. the chronic budget overruns, and failure of such projects to keep to timetables and deliver the expected social and economic benefits. This article draws on these two strands of literature, identifies shortcomings, and suggests potential pathways towards an improved evaluation of megaprojects. To counterbalance the current overemphasis on relatively narrowly defined accountability as the main function of megaproject evaluation, and the narrow definition of project success in megaproject evaluation, the article argues that conceptualizing megaprojects as dynamic and evolving networks would provide a useful basis for the design of an evaluation approach better able to promote learning and to address the socio-economic aspects of megaprojects. A modified version of ‘network mapping’ is suggested as a possible framework for megaproject evaluation, with the exploration of the multiple accountability relationships as a central evaluation task, designed to reconcile learning and accountability as the central evaluation functions. The article highlights the role of evaluation as an ‘emergent’ property of spontaneous megaproject ‘governing’, and explores the challenges that this poses to the role of the evaluator. DA - 2014/07/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1177/1356389014539868 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 278 EP - 295 J2 - Evaluation LA - en SN - 1356-3890 ST - Evaluating megaprojects UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1356389014539868 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A conceptual map of political participation AU - van Deth, Jan W. T2 - Acta Politica AB - How would you recognize a mode of participation if you see one? Owing to the rapid expansion of political activities in the last decades this question has become increasingly difficult to answer. Neither the development of all-embracing nominal definitions, nor deductive analyses of existing modes of participation seem to be helpful. In addition, the spread of expressive modes of participation makes it hard to avoid purely subjective definitions. The aim of this discussion paper is to develop an operational definition of political participation, which allows us to cover distinct conceptualizations systematically, efficiently and consistently. This goal can only be arrived at if the conventional approach of presenting nominal definitions to solve conceptual problems is left behind. Instead, available definitions are included in a set of decision rules to distinguish three main variants of political participation. A fourth variant is distinguished for non-political activities used for political purposes. Together, the four variants of political participation cover the whole range of political participation systematically without excluding any mode of political participation unknown yet. At the same time, the endless expansion of the modes of political participation in modern democracies does not result in an endless conceptual expansion. Implications for research and various examples are discussed. DA - 2014/07/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1057/ap.2014.6 DP - link.springer.com VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 349 EP - 367 J2 - Acta Polit LA - en SN - 0001-6810, 1741-1416 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/ap.2014.6 Y2 - 2017/11/12/18:06:23 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Lessons Learned from the Forest, Climate and Communities Alliance AU - Boshoven, Judy T2 - Measuring Impact AB - The Forest, Climate, and Communities Alliance (FCCA) was an initiative funded by USAID’s Bureau for Economic Growth, Education, and the Environment/Office of Forestry and Biodiversity (E3/FAB) under the USAID Global Development Alliance (GDA)1 between 2009 and 2013. FCCA was one of the first USAID-funded projects for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+). The Rainforest Alliance (RA) implemented FCCA in Ghana and Honduras. Operating in two different contexts allowed FCCA to generate important lessons learned that may be useful as countries around the world search for approaches to prepare for and implement successful REDD+ mechanisms. In 2013, as FCCA was coming to an end, USAID tasked the Measuring Impact (MI) initiative with an independent review to generate lessons learned from FCCA. In capturing and disseminating lessons from the FCCA project, the Agency intends to contribute to the understanding of what may be effective, and under what conditions, when promoting REDD+ in conjunction with forest and agricultural product certification. MI is a five-year USAID project executed by the E3/FAB Office designed to improve the Agency’s practice of conservation by building USAID’s capacity to better design, manage, evaluate, and learn from biodiversity conservation initiatives. As such, MI was tasked with carrying out this review of lessons learned from FCCA while using RA’s general hypothesis as the basis to describe the project and its lessons. CY - Washington DC DA - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DP - Zotero SP - 53 LA - en PB - USAID ER - TY - BLOG TI - Why Learning & Adaptation are Central to Making All Voices Count AU - Halloran, Brendan T2 - Making All Voices Count DA - 2014/06/18/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/why-learning-adaptation-are-central-to-making-all-voices-count/ Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:14:22 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Decision-Making AU - Kaner, Sam AB - Unleash the transformative power of face to face groups The third edition of this ground–breaking book continues to advance its mission to support groups to do their best thinking. It demonstrates that meetings can be much more than merely an occasion for solving a problem or creating a plan. Every well–facilitated meeting is also an opportunity to stretch and develop the perspectives of the individual members, thereby building the strength and capacity of the group as a whole. This fully updated edition of The Facilitator′s Guide to Participatory Decision–Making guides readers through the struggle and the satisfaction of putting participatory values into practice, helping them to fulfill the promise of effective group decision–making. With previous editions already embraced by business and community leaders and consulting professionals around the world, this new book is even more insightful and easy to use. New for this edition: 60 pages of brand new skills and tools Many new case examples Major expansion and reorganization of the advanced sections of the book. New chapter: Teaching A Group About Group Dynamics Doubled in size: Classic Facilitator Challenges. Substantially improved: Designing Realistic Agendas now three chapters, with wise, insightful answers to the most vexing questions about meeting design. CY - San Francisco DA - 2014/06/06/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon SP - 432 LA - English PB - John Wiley & Sons SN - 978-1-118-40495-9 ER - TY - CONF TI - Beyond 'Technology for Development' and 'Sustainability' towards Systemic and Holistic Rural Innovation: Success Factors from the Southern African Experience over 20 years AU - Buisson, Uys Du AU - Cronje, Braam AU - Marais, Mario AU - Haruperi, Emmanuel AU - Rensburg, Johann T2 - 2014 International Conference of the UNESCO Chair in Technologies for Development AB - Abstract: This paper describes essential, real-world activities and processes needed to develop and deploy people-centred networks enabled with innovative technologies that in turn produce "... C1 - Lausanne, Switzerland DA - 2014/06/04/06 PY - 2014 DP - www.researchgate.net ST - Beyond " Technology for Development " and " Sustainability " towards Systemic and Holistic Rural Innovation UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280010659_Beyond_Technology_for_Development_and_Sustainability_towards_Systemic_and_Holistic_Rural_Innovation_Success_Factors_from_the_Southern_African_Experience_over_20_years Y2 - 2016/06/23/14:37:33 ER - TY - RPRT TI - ALL - The question of inclusiveness in ICT-mediated citizen engagement AU - Berdou, Evangelia T2 - Think Piece CY - Brighton DA - 2014/06// PY - 2014 PB - MAVC UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/all/ Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:58:06 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The politics of legal empowerment: Legal mobilisation strategies and implications for development AU - Domingo, Pilar AU - O'Neil, Tam AB -  Legal mobilisation can improve the lives of poor or marginalised people by: o contributing to pro-poor change in policy, law and regulation of service delivery across different sectors; o advancing the realisation of rights, and achieving redress for rights violations; o contesting unjust and illegal practices of resource allocation and power relations, including in relation to land and natural resources; o enabling citizens to exercise social accountability through legal action.  The outcomes of legal empowerment of the poor are not politically neutral and need to be understood within broader social and political environments;  Better coordination between justice, sector and governance interventions will maximise the development and social impact of international support for legal empowerment. DA - 2014/06// PY - 2014 M3 - Report PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9008.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - MAKING - Fostering new ideas for social inclusion and accountable, responsive governance AU - Edwards, Duncan T2 - Think Piece CY - Brighton DA - 2014/06// PY - 2014 PB - MAVC and IDS UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/making Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:58:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - COUNT - Understanding the challenge of government responsiveness AU - McGee, Rosemary T2 - Think Piece CY - Brighton DA - 2014/06// PY - 2014 PB - MAVC and IDS UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/government-responsiveness Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:57:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - VOICES - On speaking, mediation, representation and listening AU - Oswald, Katy T2 - Think Piece CY - Brighton DA - 2014/06// PY - 2014 PB - MAVC UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/voices Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:57:46 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Complexity and the Art of Public Policy: Solving Society's Problems from the Bottom Up AU - Colander, David AU - Kupers, Roland AB - Complexity science--made possible by modern analytical and computational advances--is changing the way we think about social systems and social theory. Unfortunately, economists' policy models have not kept up and are stuck in either a market fundamentalist or government control narrative. While these standard narratives are useful in some cases, they are damaging in others, directing thinking away from creative, innovative policy solutions. Complexity and the Art of Public Policy outlines a new, more flexible policy narrative, which envisions society as a complex evolving system that is uncontrollable but can be influenced. David Colander and Roland Kupers describe how economists and society became locked into the current policy framework, and lay out fresh alternatives for framing policy questions. Offering original solutions to stubborn problems, the complexity narrative builds on broader philosophical traditions, such as those in the work of John Stuart Mill, to suggest initiatives that the authors call "activist laissez-faire" policies. Colander and Kupers develop innovative bottom-up solutions that, through new institutional structures such as for-benefit corporations, channel individuals' social instincts into solving societal problems, making profits a tool for change rather than a goal. They argue that a central role for government in this complexity framework is to foster an ecostructure within which diverse forms of social entrepreneurship can emerge and blossom. CY - Princeton DA - 2014/05/25/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon SP - 320 LA - English PB - Princeton University Press SN - 978-0-691-15209-7 ST - Complexity and the Art of Public Policy ER - TY - RPRT TI - Aiding Institutional Reform in Developing Countries: Lessons from the Philippines on what works, what doesn't and why AU - Booth, David T2 - Working Politically in Practice Series: Case Study DA - 2014/05// PY - 2014 SP - 64 PB - The Asia Foundation SN - 1 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8978.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Thinking and working politically in the transparency and accountability field AU - Halloran, Brendan DA - 2014/05// PY - 2014 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Thinking-and-Working-Politically.May-2014.pdf Y2 - 2016/04/05/14:48:17 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Into the unknown: explorations in development practice AU - Chambers, Robert AB - Into the Unknown reflects on the journey of learning, and encourages readers to learn from observation, curiosity, critical feedback, play and fun. This book will be of interest to development professionals, including academics, students, NGO workers and the staff of international agencies CY - Rugby DA - 2014/04/15/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon SP - 162 LA - English PB - Practical Action Publishing SN - 978-1-85339-823-0 ST - Into the Unknown ER - TY - RPRT TI - How DFID learns AU - ICAI AB - Excellent learning is essential for UK aid to achieve maximum impact and value for money. We take learning to mean the extent to which DFID uses information and experience to influence its decisions. Each ICAI review assesses how well learning takes place. Our reports to date indicate a mixed performance. This review seeks to identify the way DFID learns and what inhibits it from doing so consistently. We drew on our reviews, assessed data from DFID’s own surveys and carried out interviews inside and outside the department. Review DFID generates considerable volumes of information, much of which, such as funded research, is publicly available. DFID does not clearly or consistently link this investment to how it can deliver better impact. We made five recommendations and gave an amber-red score. Findings DFID does not clearly identify how its investment in learning links to its performance and delivering better impact. DFID has the potential to be excellent at organisational learning if its best practices become common. DFID staff learn well as individuals. They are highly motivated and DFID provides opportunities and resources for them to learn. DFID is not yet, however, managing all the elements that contribute to how it learns as a single, integrated system. DFID does not review the costs, benefits and impact of learning. Insufficient priority is placed on learning during implementation. The emphasis on results can lead to a bias to the positive. Learning from both success and failure should be systematically encouraged. Recommendations DFID needs to focus on consistent and continuous organisational learning based on the experience of DFID, its partners and contractors and the measurement of its impact, in particular during the implementation phase of its activities. All DFID managers should be held accountable for conducting continuous reviews from which lessons are drawn about what works and where impact is actually being achieved for intended beneficiaries. All information commissioned and collected (such as annual reviews and evaluations) should be synthesised so that the relevant lessons are accessible and readily usable across the organisation. The focus must be on practical and easy-to-use information. Knowhow should be valued as much as knowledge. Staff need to be given more time to acquire experience in the field and share lessons about what works and does not work on the ground. DFID needs to continue to encourage a culture of free and full communication about what does and does not work. Staff should be encouraged always to base their decisions on evidence, without any bias to the positive. CY - London DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 PB - Independent Commission for Aid Impact (ICAI) SN - Report 34 UR - https://icai.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/How-DFID-Learns-FINAL.pdf Y2 - 2021/06/04/10:19:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Beyond the Pioneer: Getting inclusive industries to scale AU - Koh, Harvey AU - Hedge, Nidhi AU - Karamchandani, Ashish DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 DP - Google Scholar PB - Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India Private Ltd (DTTIPL) UR - http://www.beyondthepioneer.org/wp-content/themes/monitor/Beyond-the-Pioneer-Report.pdf Y2 - 2016/10/10/11:13:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Working Politically: A story of Change about the contribution of research evidence to the new Village Law in Indonesia AU - Pellini, Arnaldo AU - Angelina, Maesy AU - Purnawati, Endah AB - On 18 December 2013, the Indonesian House of Representatives passed the new Village Law, a vote that was the culmination of a journey that had started in 2007. This Story of Change takes the passing of the Village Law as its starting point and describes the relative influence that research-based evidence, produced by the Institute for Research and Empowerment (IRE), has had at critical junctions of the legislative process. This Story of Change concludes that good quality, research-based evidence is necessary but not sufficient to influence policy-making processes. Researchers and research organisations need to think and work politically to achieve their influencing goals and to adapt to changes in local circumstances. DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 SP - 22 PB - Austrialian Community Development and Civil Society Strenghtening Scheme (ACCESS) UR - http://www.ksi-indonesia.org/files/1419316551$1$8LB545D$.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Problem-driven iterative approaches and wider governance reform AU - Rao, Sumedh T2 - Helpdesk Research Report 1099 AB - Identify evidence which suggests that problem-driven, iterative approaches to public sector reform can deliver more substantial, wider, long-term governance reform. CY - Birmingham DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 PB - GSDRC, University of Birmingham UR - http://www.gsdrc.org/publications/problem-driven-iterative-approaches-and-wider-governance-reform/ Y2 - 2017/06/15/08:52:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Achieving reforms in oligarchical democracies: the role of leadership and coalitions in the Philippines AU - Sidel, John T. T2 - Research Papers (27) AB - This paper examines the role of developmental leadership in two major reforms introduced in the Philippines in 2012: the passage into law in December of excise tax reform which significantly raised taxes on cigarettes and alcohol – generally referred to as the Sin Tax Reform – and, in July, the re-registration of voters in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). These reforms have a) strengthened government finances and healthcare; and b) improved the quality of elections and promoted good governance and conflict resolution in the southern Philippines. Key points: These reforms were not achieved exclusively through the executive leadership of Philippine President Benigno Aquino III, this paper argues. A broader form of developmental leadership was critical to their passage into legislation and their subsequent implementation, made up of reform coalitions that incorporated elements of government, the legislature, and civil society. While these coalitions were diverse and flexible in their form and composition, their core strength came from established advocacy groups and experienced activists. These groups and activists used highly labour-intensive, specialized and complex forms of mobilization. The success of these reform coalitions, it is argued, has implications for economic and governance reform in the developing world, particularly in systems characterised by oligarchical democracy, where competition for elected office is closely linked to the entrenched interests of business and industry. CY - Birmingham, UK DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 LA - eng PB - Developmental Leadership Program ST - Achieving reforms in oligarchical democracies UR - http://www.dlprog.org/ Y2 - 2019/07/04/14:25:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Local Systems: a framework for supporting sustained development AU - USAID CY - Washington DC DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 PB - USAID UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1870/LocalSystemsFramework.pdf Y2 - 2017/06/28/16:50:31 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Six Simple Rules: How to Manage Complexity without Getting Complicated AU - Morieux, Yves AU - Tollman, Peter AB - New tools for managing complexityDoes your organization manage complexity by making things more complicated? If so, you are not alone.According to The Boston Consulting Group’s fascinating Complexity Index, business complexity has increased sixfold during the past sixty years. And, all the while, organizational complicatedness—that is, the number of structures, processes, committees, decision-making forums, and systems—has increased by a whopping factor of thirty-five. In their attempt to respond to the increasingly complex performance requirements they face, company leaders have created an organizational labyrinth that makes it more and more difficult to improve productivity and to pursue innovation. It also disengages and demotivates the workforce.Clearly it’s time for leaders to stop trying to manage complexity with their traditional tools and instead better leverage employees' intelligence. This book shows you how and explains the implications for designing and leading organizations.The way to manage complexity, the authors argue, is neither with the hard solutions of another era nor with the soft solutions—such as team building and feel-good “people initiatives”—that often follow in their wake. Based on social sciences (notably economics, game theory, and organizational sociology) and The Boston Consulting Group’s work with more than five hundred companies in more than forty countries and in various industries, authors Yves Morieux and Peter Tollman recommend six simple rules to manage complexity without getting complicated.Showing why the rules work and how to put them into practice, Morieux and Tollman give managers a much-needed tool to reinvigorate people in the face of seemingly endless complexity. Included are detailed examples from companies that have achieved a multiplicative effect on performance by using them.It’s time to manage complexity better. Employ these six simple rules to foster autonomy and cooperation and to effectively handle business complexity. As a result, you will improve productivity, innovate more, reengage your workforce, and seize opportunities to create competitive advantage. DA - 2014/03/11/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon SP - 240 LA - English PB - Harvard Business Review Press ST - Six Simple Rules KW - Complexity KW - Design Thinking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participatory Budgeting as if Emancipation Mattered AU - Baiocchi, Gianpaolo AU - Ganuza, Ernesto T2 - Politics & Society AB - Participatory Budgeting has by now been widely discussed, often celebrated, and is now instituted in at least 1,500 cities worldwide. Some of its central features—its structure of open meetings, its yearly cycle, and its combination of deliberation and representation—are by now well known. In this article, however, we critically reflect on its global travel and argue for more careful consideration of some of its less well-known features, namely the coupling of the budgeting meetings with the exercise of power. We disaggregate PB into its communicative and empowerment dimensions and argue that its empowerment dimensions have usually not been part of its global expansion—and this is cause for concern from the point of view of emancipation. We thus discuss the specific institutional reforms associated with empowerment in the original version as well as its analytic dimensions. We also address some of the specific dangers of a communication-only version of PB as well as some suggestions for reintroducing empowerment. DA - 2014/03/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1177/0032329213512978 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 50 LA - en SN - 0032-3292 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329213512978 Y2 - 2023/12/05/22:43:51 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Does Foreign Aid Really Work? An Updated Assessment AU - Riddell, Roger C. AB - This paper draws widely from the book Does foreign aid really work?, building on that discussion to provide an updated answer to the question based on recent evidence and contemporary debates on aid effectiveness. It starts with a brief discussion (Section 2) of the question: ‘does emergency aid work?’ This is important to the wider debate for two linked reasons. Firstly, the harshest critics of development aid are all supportive of emergency aid, with a number calling for its expansion in spite of evidence of major weaknesses and failures. Secondly, the sharp historical distinction made between emergency and development aid is becoming increasingly strained, as more emergency aid is being used a year or more after emergencies strike to rebuild lives and restore livelihoods, while more development aid is used to directly save lives.The rest of the paper focuses exclusively on development aid. Section 3 provides a rapid overview of the evidence of the impact of individual aid projects, including those of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). The picture is overwhelmingly positive: well over 75% of projects meet their immediate objectives and impact has improved, even though sustaining benefits remains a challenge and there continue to be aid failures. Section 4 reviews the evidence of the wider and long-term impact of aid at the sectoral and country level, including a brief discussion of academic studies on aid and growth. Though there are still major gaps in our knowledge, the quality of the data is improving. However, there is little firm, quantitative evidence to show the specific contribution that aid has made to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which are a central purpose of many current donor programmes (Section 4.2). More widely, there is plenty of evidence to suggest that aid has contributed positively to both growth and wider development at the sector and country level, though some studies suggest aid has had little or no impact. Overall, the contribution that aid makes to aggregate development is lower than the public has been led to believe (Sections 4.1, 4.3. and 4.4). Assessments of the overall impact of the aid provided by NGOs are rare, but a recent study suggests it has been positive (Section 4.5). More attention is now given to the issues of corruption in aid. Although there is evidence of aid funds being used for corrupt purposes and of aid worsening corruption, on balance it remains a minor issue. Aid has had significant successes in helping the poor affected by corruption (Section 4.6). The second half of the paper shifts focus to the large gap between what aid has done and what it might do. Section 5 discusses a range of inefficiencies within and across the aid system and their costs in terms of reduced impact, including the way aid is allocated, its growing complexity, and the volatility and unpredictability of aid flows (Section 5.1 and 5.2). These inefficiencies place in a different light the evidence of aid’s overall positive impact. The paper looks at the different initiatives that have been mounted to begin to address these weaknesses and failures, including the 2005 Paris Declaration, and discusses why donors have failed to honour the promises they have made to change the ways that they give aid.In Section 5.3, the paper argues that the most critical debate about whether aid works concerns the assessment of whether the short-term, immediate and extensive benefits that aid undoubtedly brings are outweighed by the direct and indirect systemic problems that it risks creating or accentuating. As increasingly over the last decade donors have channelled more of their aid into short-term, quick-impact projects, assessing the wider negative systemic effects of aid has become even more important. Some recent studies suggest that aid’s systemic problems are large and growing, narrowing the gap between aid’s harshest critics and broader analyses of aid impact. Against the backdrop of already too many proposals of how to make aid work better, Section 6 lays out nine concrete proposals for doing this: deepening knowledge of local contexts; ensuring short-term uses of aid are consistent with and supportive of long-term development, and that all aid is more closely related to overall recipient development goals and processes; helping build local capacities for recipients to be able to coordinate aid better; moving from rhetoric to reality in learning lessons from aid; using aid to help the poor in middle income countries; reducing volatility in aid at the country level; encouraging budget support by addressing donor-country political concerns; and rethinking ways of communicating about aid. Section 7 concludes. It suggests that, paradoxically, aid’s impact may well have been harmed by focussing too narrowly on trying to make short-term aid work better, and that the main focus of attention needs to widen to assess how aid can contribute more to a recipient’s own development goals. Additionally, donors need to help build the capacity of developing countries and developing country scholars to enable them to play a bigger role in helping to answer the question of whether aid works; unsettling though their assessments may be. CY - Rochester, NY DA - 2014/03/01/ PY - 2014 DP - papers.ssrn.com M3 - SSRN Scholarly Paper PB - Social Science Research Network SN - ID 2409847 ST - Does Foreign Aid Really Work? UR - http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2409847 Y2 - 2016/05/06/13:24:49 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing the strength of Evidence AU - DFID T2 - How to Note DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/291982/HTN-strength-evidence-march2014.pdf Y2 - 2019/06/26/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Global Delivery at the World Bank Group AU - GDI DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 PB - Global Delivery Initiative UR - http://www.worldbank.org/reference/GDI/ Y2 - 2016/08/05/15:49:01 ER - TY - BOOK TI - DIY - Development Impact and You: Practical Tools to Trigger and Support Social Innovation A3 - Nesta DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DP - Amazon ET - 1st edition SP - 168 PB - NESTA SN - 978-1-84875-150-7 ST - DIY - Development Impact and You KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and evaluation of policy influence and advocacy AU - Tsui, Josephine AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Young, John T2 - Working Paper AB - Policy influence and advocacy are increasingly regarded as a means of creating sustainable policy change in international development. It is often also seen as a difficult area to monitor and evaluate. Yet there is an increasingly rich strand of innovation in options to monitor, evaluate and learn from both the successes and failures of policy influence and advocacy interventions. This paper explores current trends in monitoring and evaluating policy influence and advocacy; discusses different theories of how policy influence happens; and presents a number of options to monitor and evaluate different aspects of advocacy interventions. Case studies describe how some organisations have used these options in practice to understand their impact and improve their advocacy strategies. DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 SP - 90 PB - ODI SN - 395 UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8928.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis: the first 25 years AU - Marx, Axel AU - Rihoux, Benoît AU - Ragin, Charles T2 - European Political Science Review AB - A quarter century ago, in 1987, Charles C. Ragin published The Comparative Method, introducing a new method to the social sciences called Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). QCA is a comparative case-oriented research approach and collection of techniques based on set theory and Boolean algebra, which aims to combine some of the strengths of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Since its launch in 1987, QCA has been applied extensively in the social sciences. This review essay first sketches the origins of the ideas behind QCA. Next, the main features of the method, as presented in The Comparative Method, are introduced. A third part focuses on the early applications. A fourth part presents early criticisms and subsequent innovations. A fifth part then focuses on an era of further expansion in political science and presents some of the main applications in the discipline. In doing so, this paper seeks to provide insights and references into the origin and development of QCA, a non-technical introduction to its main features, the path travelled so far, and the diversification of applications. DA - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1017/S1755773912000318 DP - Cambridge Journals Online VL - 6 IS - 01 SP - 115 EP - 142 SN - 1755-7747 ST - The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1755773912000318 Y2 - 2016/06/05/11:20:14 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making Sense of ‘Messiness’. Monitoring and measuring change in market systems: a practitioner's perspective AU - Ripley, Matthew AU - Nippard, Daniel DA - 2014/02// PY - 2014 UR - https://beamexchange.org/uploads/filer_public/c9/bb/c9bb16e6-c5ff-43ac-8a5f-d6fcc1106f20/makingsensemessiness2014.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/01/11:25:52 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Understanding the Conditions for fostering the right kind of innovation AU - Edwards, Duncan T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - MAVC's Duncan Edwards reflects on the first in a series of thematic discussions led by the Institute of Development Studies. The second of two posts. DA - 2014/01/29/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/e-dialogue-reflections-making/ Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:29:28 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Inclusion in Making All Voices Count AU - Kelbert, Alexandra T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - Part of a sequenced learning process for MAVC's Research and Evidence Component, the summary of a thematic discussion led by researcher Evangelia Berdou. DA - 2014/01/29/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/inclusion-in-making-all-voices-count/ Y2 - 2017/06/21/15:43:53 ER - TY - BLOG TI - From ‘Feedback Loops’ to ‘Responsive Governance’ AU - McGee, Rosie T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - Part of a sequenced learning process for MAVC's Research and Evidence Component, the summary of a thematic discussion led by researcher Rosemary McGee. DA - 2014/01/29/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/feedback-loops/ Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:16:50 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Which Voices Are Heard and By Whom? AU - Oswald, Katy T2 - Making All Voices Count DA - 2014/01/29/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/voices-heard/ Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:18:05 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Manifesto for Half-Arsed Development Reforms AU - Ramalingam, Ben T2 - Aid on the Edge of Chaos DA - 2014/01/24/T12:45:24+00:00 PY - 2014 UR - aidontheedge.info/2014/01/24/manifesto-for-half-arsed-development-reforms/ Y2 - 2016/07/22/10:20:15 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Something’s Stopping All Voices From Counting… AU - McGee, Rosemary T2 - Making All Voices Count AB - An outline of Making All Voices Count's Research & Evidence component led by the Institute of Development Studies. DA - 2014/01/21/ PY - 2014 UR - http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/somethings-stopping-voices-counting/ Y2 - 2016/04/26/21:32:24 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Aid on the Edge of Chaos: Rethinking International Cooperation in a Complex World AU - Ramalingam, Ben AB - It is widely recognised that the foreign aid system - of which every country in the world is a part - is in need of drastic overhaul. There are conflicting opinions as to what should be done. Some call for dramatic increases to achieve longstanding promises. Others bang the drum for cutting it altogether, and suggest putting the fate of poor and vulnerable people in the hands of markets or business. A few argue that what is needed is creative, innovative transformation. The arguments in Aid on the Edge of Chaos are firmly in the third of these categories. In this ground-breaking book, Ben Ramalingam shows that the linear, mechanistic models and assumptions that foreign aid is built on are more at home in early twentieth century industry than in the dynamic, complex world we face today. The reality is that economies and societies are less like machines and more like ecosystems. Aid on the Edge of Chaos explores how thinkers and practitioners in economics, business, and public policy have started to embrace new, ecologically literate approaches to thinking and acting, informed by the ideas of complex adaptive systems research. It showcases insights, experiences, and dramatic results of a growing network of practitioners, researchers, and policy makers who are applying a complexity-informed approach to aid challenges. From transforming approaches to child malnutrition, to rethinking process of macroeconomic growth, from rural Vietnam to urban Columbia, Aid on the Edge of Chaos shows how embracing the ideas of complex systems thinking can help make foreign aid more relevant, more appropriate, more innovative, and more catalytic. It argues that taking on these ideas will be a vital part of the transformation of aid, from a post-WW2 mechanism of resource transfer, to a truly innovative and dynamic form of global cooperation fit for the twenty-first century. CY - Oxford DA - 2014/01/03/ PY - 2014 DP - Amazon SP - 480 LA - English PB - Oxford University Press SN - 978-0-19-957802-3 ST - Aid on the Edge of Chaos ER - TY - JOUR TI - Probes, toolkits and prototypes: three approaches to making in codesigning AU - Sanders, Elizabeth B.-N. AU - Stappers, Pieter Jan T2 - CoDesign AB - The role of making in the design process has been growing, taking on new forms and involving new players over the past 10 years. Where we once primarily saw designers using making to give shape to the future, today we can see designers and non-designers working together, using making as a way to make sense of the future. In this paper, we describe the landscape of design research and practice at the end of 2013 with special attention to the role of making across these perspectives: approach (cultural probes, generative toolkits and design prototypes), mindset (designing for people and designing with people), focus in time (the world as it is, the near future and the speculative future) as well as variations in design intent (provoking, engaging and serving). DA - 2014/01/02/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1080/15710882.2014.888183 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 14 SN - 1571-0882 ST - Probes, toolkits and prototypes UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2014.888183 Y2 - 2016/09/16/14:21:04 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strategic framework for mainstreaming citizen engagement in World Bank Group operations : engaging with citizens for improved results AU - Rebolledo, Miguel AU - Seyedian, Aaron AU - Peixoto, Tiago AU - Hernandez, Zenaida AU - Zakhour, Jad AU - Mahmood, Syed A. AU - Masud, Harika AU - Manroth, Astrid AU - Hamad, Qays AB - The objective of this strategic framework is to mainstream citizen engagement in World Bank Group (WBG)-supported policies, programs, projects, and advisory services and analytics to improve their development results and within the scope of these operations, contribute to building sustainable national systems for citizen engagement with governments and the private sector. This framework will capture the diverse experiences, assess lessons learned, and outline methods and entry points to provide a more systematic and results-focused approach for the WBG. Progress toward this objective will be assessed using indicators included in program, project, and corporate results frameworks. The WBG strategy incorporates citizen engagement, including beneficiary feedback, specifically in its treatment of inclusion, which entails empowering citizens to participate in the development process and integrating citizen voice in development programs as key accelerators to achieving results. This framework builds on stocktaking and lessons learned from WBG-financed operations across regions and sectors. A key lesson is the importance of country context, government ownership, and clear objectives for citizen engagement. The approach to mainstreaming citizen engagement in WBG-supported operations is guided by five principles: 1) it is results-focused; 2) it involves engaging throughout the operational cycle; 3) it seeks to strengthen country systems; 4) it is context-specific; and 5) it is gradual. Under the right circumstances, citizen engagement can contribute to achieving development outcomes in support of the goals the WBG aims to support through all of the operations it funds: eradicating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. DA - 2014/01/01/ PY - 2014 DP - documents.worldbank.org SP - 1 EP - 189 LA - en PB - The World Bank SN - 92957 ST - Strategic framework for mainstreaming citizen engagement in World Bank Group operations UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/20472021/strategic-framework-mainstreaming-citizen-engagement-world-bank-group-operations-engaging-citizens-improved-results Y2 - 2016/04/04/08:56:33 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Kenya’s tech community will not save journalism AU - Benequista, Nicholas T2 - Briefing Note, 1 CY - Nairobi DA - 2014/01// PY - 2014 PB - Networked News Lab UR - http://networkednews.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/NNL_briefing_note_1.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/08/15:01:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing the use of technological tools and strategies by Oxfam Novib partners in Angola, Burundi, Egypt, Niger, Pakistan, Rwanda and Uganda AU - The Engine Room AB - This report presents findings and insights from the Oxfam Novib pilot module of TechScape, which assessed how Oxfam Novib partners in seven countries related to the use of technology in their work. This report does not aim to draw conclusions about the nature of technology use by Oxfam Novib partners per se, or even the partners included in this assessment. The dramatic difference in organizational activities, contexts and objectives are too great for that. Detailed analysis of how partners are relating to technology in their work, and specific recommendations for greater efficiency and impact are presented in the TechScape Country Briefs. This report aims instead: • to describe the context in which the assessments took place, • to propose insights gained from the cumulative process about measurement, learning and capacity development, and • to identify opportunities for Oxfam Novib to pursue capacity development and knowledge sharing between countries and across the network, through mechanisms that minimize resource demands and directly target documented needs. DA - 2014/01// PY - 2014 UR - https://www.theengineroom.org/piloting-civil-society-and-technology-assessments-new-techscape-report/ Y2 - 2016/04/05/15:18:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adaptive management in aid programmes AB - Aid works better – especially in complex and conflict-affected environments – when there is scope to trial and adapt programme strategies. So argues Amir Allana in Navigating Complexity, a case study of Northern Karamoja's Growth, Health and Governance (GHG) Programme that is adopting an 'adaptive management' approach. This BEAM Exchange webinar invited Amir, Tim Sparkman and Peter Roggekamp to discuss lessons from their work in Uganda and Cambodia. What does adaptive management look like in practice? And what does it require of managers and funders to make it happen? Tim and Peter share their experiences of applying adaptive management techniques to the Growth, Health and Governance Programme and the Cambodia Agricultural Value Chain Program (CAVAC). Amir highlight insights from the Navigating Complexity report, including the importance of office culture, consistent management signals, and the role of supportive tools and processes. CY - London DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/185/ Y2 - 2016/10/25/19:02:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Navigating complexity: adaptive management and organizational learning in a development project in Northern Uganda AU - Allana, Amir AU - Sparkman, Timothy T2 - Knowledge Management for Development Journal AB - Adaptive management is a management paradigm for intervening in complex, unpredictable systems where continual learning and adaptation is vital for success. This management approach requires a fundamentally different set of tools, processes, and most importantly, staff behaviors and organizational culture than ‘traditional’ management. A facilitative approach to development, where the goal is creating systemic change that spreads in networks of local businesses, government, and civil society organizations, necessitates an adaptive approach. Mercy Corps Uganda’s Northern Karamoja Growth, Health, and Governance Program (GHG) has been an ongoing experiment in applying the principles of adaptive management and facilitation. This article details two examples from GHG where adaptation has occurred, and provides an analysis of the tools, processes, and organizational culture that exists. Three salient takeaways for effective facilitation are elaborated on: the importance of staff behaviors and underlying beliefs, particularly with regards to ‘failure’, flexibility to experiment, dissent & debate, and curiosity with the subject matter of their work; importance of consistent messaging from senior management with regards to the same; and tools and processes playing a support function to these behaviours, rather than being their source. Lessons and implications are drawn out from the GHG experience for funders and implementing organizations wanting to apply adaptive management in the context of development programming. These include building flexibility into budgeting and contracts, rethinking the structure and content of reports, and utilizing alternative hiring criteria to attract senior managers who are more likely to succeed at adaptive management. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 101 EP - 112 UR - https://www.km4djournal.org/index.php/km4dj/article/view/204 Y2 - 2022/06/30/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making Details Matter: How to Reform Aid Agencies to Generate Contextual Knowledge AU - Ang, Yuen Yuen AB - My essay considers a central problem of reinventing foreign aid in the twenty-first century: how to reform aid agencies to enable a “best-fit” approach to development assistance. For the past decades, the aid community has tried to transplant best practices from the developed world to the developing world. Increasingly, however, it is recognized that copying best practices does not work and may even backfire; rather, aid programs work best when they are tailored to local contexts. Yet while the idea of a best-fit approach is widely embraced in principle, actualizing it is easier said than done. For meaningful changes to take root in practice, we must first identify the obstacles to localizing development assistance and suggest ways to address these problems. To this end, I propose a three-pronged strategy to promote the generation of contextual knowledge among aid professionals, a necessary condition for crafting solutions that can fit various local contexts, namely: (1) build a bank of knowledge about unorthodox practices that work, (2) diversify expertise within aid agencies; and (3) carve experimental pockets. My proposal does not fit neatly into any one of the six themes specified in the GDN competition; rather, it concerns all of the themes. Whether it is to use aid to improve governance, apply information technology, or design financial instruments, the overarching challenge is to empower and incentivize aid professionals to learn and apply contextual knowledge to creatively solve problems in developing societies. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - papers.ssrn.com LA - en PB - SSRN SN - Winning Essay of the 2014 GDN Essay Competition on "The Future of Development Assistance" ST - Making Details Matter UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2794434 Y2 - 2018/05/23/12:56:28 KW - Contextual knowledge KW - Localization KW - Public policy KW - foreign aid KW - international development ER - TY - RPRT TI - Increasing Participation in Evaluation AU - Baker, A AU - Bruner, B T2 - Effectiveness Initiatives AB - The Increasing Participation in Evaluation bulletin was developed by Anita Baker with Beth Bruner to help organizations integrate evaluative thinking into their organizational practice. This three page bulletin discusses how Organization Staff, Evaluators, and Funders are typically involved in participatory evaluation. The guide also defines the term "Ripple", and how to accomplish Ripple as well as examining what it looks like when Executive Leaders and Management Staff use Evaluative Thinking. Contents How are Organization Staff, Evaluators, and Funders typically involved in Participatory Evaluation? Organization Managers/Staff Roles Evaluators/Roles Funder Roles Shared Roles What is Ripple Anyway? How do you accomplish Ripple? What does it look like when Executive Leaders and Management Staff Use Evaluative Thinking? How to use these Bulletins DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 3 PB - Bruner Foundation UR - http://www.evaluativethinking.org/docs/EvaluativeThinking.bulletin.10.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Guidelines for good market development program design. A managers’ perspective AU - Bekkers, Harald AU - Roggekamp, Peter AB - Good programme design is a key factor contributing to the success of market development programmes. Unfortunately, too many current designs have major flaws which prevent programmes becoming successful even before they get started. This document considers what makes market development programmes consistently successful and how to prevent programme design from being a hurdle to sustainable and efficient impact as scale. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 LA - en PB - BEAM Exchange UR - https://beamexchange.org/resources/186/ Y2 - 2023/10/06/10:12:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing Impact in Dynamic and Complex Environments: Systemic Action Research and Participatory Systemic Inquiry AU - Burns, Danny T2 - CDI Practice Paper AB - This CDI Practice Paper is about the uses of Systemic Action Research (SAR) and Participatory Systemic Inquiry (PSI) for impact assessment (Burns 2006, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2013; Wadsworth 2001, 2010). CY - Brighton DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - IDS ST - Assessing Impact in Dynamic and Complex Environments UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/assessing-impact-in-dynamic-and-complex-environments-systemic-action-research-and-participatory-systemic-inquiry Y2 - 2017/01/18/15:37:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systemic action research: Changing system dynamics to support sustainable change AU - Burns, Danny T2 - Action Research AB - This article explores the characteristics of systemic action research. It looks at the conceptual underpinnings of systemic action research and explores some of the ways in which it differs from (builds on) other forms of action research. It then explores some of the issues and dilemmas faced by systemic action researchers. DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1177/1476750313513910 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 18 J2 - Action Research LA - en SN - 1476-7503, 1741-2617 ST - Systemic action research UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1476750313513910 Y2 - 2020/10/15/14:22:29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Citizen science in hydrology and water resources: opportunities for knowledge generation, ecosystem service management, and sustainable development AU - Buytaert, Wouter AU - Zulkafli, Zed AU - Grainger, Sam AU - Acosta, Luis AU - Alemie, Tilashwork C. AU - Bastiaensen, Johan AU - De Bièvre, Bert AU - Bhusal, Jagat AU - Clark, Julian AU - Dewulf, Art AU - Foggin, Marc AU - Hannah, David M. AU - Hergarten, Christian AU - Isaeva, Aiganysh AU - Karpouzoglou, Timothy AU - Pandeya, Bhopal AU - Paudel, Deepak AU - Sharma, Keshav AU - Steenhuis, Tammo AU - Tilahun, Seifu AU - Van Hecken, Gert AU - Zhumanova, Munavar T2 - Frontiers in Earth Science AB - The participation of the general public in the research design, data collection and interpretation process together with scientists is often referred to as citizen science. While citizen science itself has existed since the start of scientific practice, developments in sensing technology, data processing and visualisation, and communication of ideas and results, are creating a wide range of new opportunities for public participation in scientific research. This paper reviews the state of citizen science in a hydrological context and explores the potential of citizen science to complement more traditional ways of scientific data collection and knowledge generation for hydrological sciences and water resources management. Although hydrological data collection often involves advanced technology, the advent of robust, cheap and low-maintenance sensing equipment provides unprecedented opportunities for data collection in a citizen science context. These data have a significant potential to create new hydrological knowledge, especially in relation to the characterisation of process heterogeneity, remote regions, and human impacts on the water cycle. However, the nature and quality of data collected in citizen science experiments is potentially very different from those of traditional monitoring networks. This poses challenges in terms of their processing, interpretation, and use, especially with regard to assimilation of traditional knowledge, the quantification of uncertainties, and their role in decision support. It also requires care in designing citizen science projects such that the generated data complement optimally other available knowledge. Lastly, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities in the integration of hydrologically-oriented citizen science in water resources management, the role of scientific knowledge in the decision-making process, and the potential contestation to established community institutions posed by co-generation of new knowledge. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - 10.3389/feart.2014.00026 DP - Frontiers VL - 2 J2 - Front. Earth Sci. LA - English SN - 2296-6463 ST - Citizen science in hydrology and water resources UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2014.00026/full Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:26:22 KW - Citizen science KW - Co-generation of knowledge KW - Water Resources Management KW - hydrological sensing KW - poly-centric governance ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessing Rural Transformations: Piloting a Qualitative Impact Protocol in Malawi and Ethiopia AU - Copestake, James AU - Remnant, Fiona T2 - Bath Papers in International Development and Wellbeing Working Paper DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 30 PB - Centre for Development Studies (CDS) SN - 35 UR - http://www.bath.ac.uk/cds/publications/bpd35.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Participatory Process Evaluation to Understand the Dynamics of Change in a Nutrition Education Programme AU - Cornwall, Andrea T2 - IDS Working Papers AB - With roots in approaches to popular education and participatory action research that place the learner and the ‘beneficiary’ of development at the centre of enquiry and action, the participatory visualisation methods associated with Participatory Rural Appraisal have been widely used as tools for learning and accountability. In this article, I reflect on lessons learnt from using these methods in a participatory process evaluation of an educational programme aimed at addressing chronic malnutrition in an East African country. Building on this experience, I explore the educative and empowering dimensions of participatory visualisation methods, and consider the contribution that these methods can make to effective evaluation. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/j.2040-0209.2014.00437.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 2014 IS - 437 SP - 1 EP - 22 LA - en SN - 2040-0209 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2014.00437.x Y2 - 2020/10/15/14:35:59 KW - Kenya KW - nutrition KW - participatory impact evaluation KW - process evaluation KW - randomised controlled trials ER - TY - JOUR TI - Emerging Technologies: Smarter ways to fight wildlife crime AU - Cressa, Douglas AU - Zommers, Zinta T2 - Environmental Development AB - The illegal trade of animals—for luxury goods, traditional medicine or cultural ceremonies, pets, entertainment, and even research—is a major threat to wildlife conservation and welfare (Baker et al., 2013). Poachers and illegal traders use highly sophisticated and rapidly changing techniques to avoid detection. To keep pace with the "war on wildlife", conservation and law enforcement communities have started to adopt cutting-edge military tools and techniques. High-tech equipment can magnify counter-poaching efforts without requiring armies of rangers or risking lives. Tools include acoustic traps, mobile technology, mikrokopters, radio frequency identification tags, encrypted data digital networks, camera traps, DNA testing, radio collars, metal scanners, and satellite imagery. DA - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.envdev.2014.07.002 DP - Crossref VL - 12 SP - 62 EP - 72 LA - en SN - 22114645 ST - Emerging Technologies UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211464514000554 Y2 - 2019/03/19/14:02:26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Introducción a Capacity WORKS + Proyectos de Cambio - Informe AU - Cuéllar, Daniel DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - GIZ UR - https://www.gizprevenir.com/documentos/informe-del-taller-cw-pc.pdf Y2 - 2019/11/20/13:08:39 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Collaborative Outcome Mapping AU - Dart, J. AU - Roberts, M. T2 - Better Evaluation AB - Collaborative Outcomes Reporting (COR) is a participatory approach to impact evaluation based around a performance story that presents evidence of how a program has contributed to outcomes and impacts, that is then reviewed by both technical experts and program stakeholders, which may include community members. Collaborative Outcomes Reporting (COR) is a participatory approach to impact evaluation based around a performance story that presents evidence of how a program has contributed to outcomes and impacts, that is then reviewed by both technical experts and program stakeholders, which may include community members. Developed by Jess Dart, COR combines contribution analysis andMultiple Lines and Levels of Evidence (MLLE), mapping existing data and additional data against the program logic to produce a performance story. Performance story reports are essentially a short report about how a program contributed to outcomes. Although they may vary in content and format, most are short, mention program context and aims, relate to a plausible results chain, and are backed by empirical evidence (Dart and Mayne, 2005). The aim is to tell the ‘story’ of a program’s performance using multiple-lines of evidence. COR adds processes of review by an expert panel and stakeholders, sometimes including community members, to check for the credibility of the evidence about what impacts have occurred and the extent to which these can be credibly attributed to the intervention. It is these components of expert panel review (outcomes panel) and a collaborative approach to developing outcomes (through summit workshops) that differentiate COR from other approaches to outcome and impact evaluation. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/plan/approach/cort Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioral Design: A New Approach to Development Policy AU - Datta, Saugato AU - Mullainathan, Sendhil T2 - Review of Income and Wealth DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/roiw.12093 DP - Crossref VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 35 LA - en SN - 00346586 ST - Behavioral Design UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/roiw.12093 Y2 - 2019/03/12/15:09:47 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Learning and adapting: the use of monitoring and evaluation in countering violent extremism: a handbook for practitioners AU - Dawson, Laura AU - Edwards, Charlie AU - Jeffray, Calum AU - Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies AB - IN 2013, the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI) was awarded a grant under the Kanishka Project to develop a handbook for monitoring and evaluating counter violent extremism (CVE) policies and programmes. The aim of this handbook is to support CVE policy-makers and practitioners (those who design, manage and evaluate CVE programmes), by providing them with key terms regarding violent extremism and radicalisation, describing the purpose of evaluation, and providing examples of key methodologies they can employ to conduct monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in this emerging policy field. The handbook will enable readers to understand why, when and how to conduct an evaluation of a CVE policy, programme or project. . DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies SN - 978-0-85516-124-8 ST - Learning and adapting UR - http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/lbrr/archives/cnmcs-plcng/cn31896-eng.pdf Y2 - 2019/09/17/10:38:28 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The case for thinking and working politically. The implications of 'doing development differently' AU - DLP T2 - Research Paper AB - This paper discusses the steps required to build a robust evidence base for 'thinking and working politically' (TWP) in development. It argues that better understanding what works, when and why is an important step in moving TWP into mainstream development programming. The paper reviews the existing evidence base on TWP, building on this and on other literature on public sector reform and 'pockets of effectiveness' to suggest research questions, case study selection criteria, and a four-level analytical framework: 1) political context; 2) sector; 3) organisation; and 4) individual. The framework aims to help build a 'rigorous enough' evidence base to show whether and how TWP happens and whether or not it influences the effectiveness of programme implementation and outcomes. The paper also calls for more focus on gender issues, and on different – and often more fragile – political contexts. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - DLP SN - 37 UR - http://www.dlprog.org/publications/thinking-and-working-politically-from-theory-building-to-building-an-evidence-base.php Y2 - 2016/07/19/16:28:16 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Information lives of the poor: fighting poverty with technology AU - Elder, Laurent AU - Samarajiva, Rohan AU - Gillwald, Alison AU - Galperin, Hernan DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English SN - 978-1-55250-574-8 ST - Information lives of the poor UR - http://www.deslibris.ca/ID/447403 Y2 - 2016/04/22/09:42:36 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - Empowerment evaluation AU - Fettermen, David C5 - Vimeo Video DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - https://vimeo.com/96643564 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Capacity WORKS AU - GIZ AB - One of GIZ’s core competencies is understanding how cooperation works in societies, and supporting that process. The kind of process we mean is cooperation between state, civil society and private-sector actors who wish to jointly shape societal changes. GIZ has systematised its knowledge on how to achieve this, and made it available in the Capacity WORKS management model. The model describes how to manage cooperation systems. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - https://www.giz.de/expertise/html/4619.html Y2 - 2019/01/29/13:54:21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Capacity Works - online training AU - GIZ DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - GIZ UR - https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/usr/wbt/gc21/public/wbt_capacity_works_en/uk/index.htm Y2 - 2019/05/17/10:43:31 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Participatory Approaches AU - Guijt, Irene T2 - Methodological Briefs: Impact Evaluation AB - This guide, written by Irene Guijt for UNICEF, looks at the use of participatory approaches in impact evaluation. Using participatory approaches means involving stakeholders, particularly those affected by intervention, in the evaluation process. This includes involvement in the design, data collection, analysis, reporting, and management of the study. Excerpt "By asking the question, ‘Who should be involved, why and how?’ for each step of an impact evaluation, an appropriate and context-specific participatory approach can be developed. Managers of UNICEF evaluations must recognize that being clear about the purpose of participatory approaches in an impact evaluation is an essential first step towards managing expectations and guiding implementation. Is the purpose to ensure that the voices of those whose lives should have been improved by the programme or policy are central to the findings? Is it to ensure a relevant evaluation focus? Is it to hear people’s own versions of change rather than obtain an external evaluator’s set of indicators? Is it to build ownership of the UNICEF programme? These, and other considerations, would lead to different forms of participation by different combinations of stakeholders in the impact evaluation." CY - Florence DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 23 PB - UNICEF SN - 5 UR - https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/brief_5_participatoryapproaches_eng.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/18/00:00:00 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Systemic Design Principles for Complex Social Systems AU - Jones, Peter H. T2 - Social Systems and Design A2 - Metcalf, Gary S. CY - Tokyo DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - CrossRef SP - 91 EP - 128 PB - Springer Japan SN - 978-4-431-54477-7 978-4-431-54478-4 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction - Localising Governance: An Outlook on Research and Policy AU - Joshi, Anuradha AU - Schultze-Kraft, Markus T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12099 DP - CrossRef VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 8 LA - en SN - 02655012 ST - Introduction - Localising Governance UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1759-5436.12099 Y2 - 2016/04/21/11:32:50 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and Evaluation in the Development Sector AU - KPMG CY - Zurich DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - KPMG International UR - https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2014/09/2014-survey-monitoring-evaluation-v4.pdf ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Measuring Impact: A Learning Approach to Strengthening USAID Biodiversity Programs T2 - Updates from the field: perspectives on Learning from USAID-funded Activites A2 - Lauck, Liz CY - USAID DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/kmrg_061114_ppt.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Steering E-Government Projects from Failure to Success: Using Design-Reality Gap Analysis as a Mid-Implementation Assessment Tool AU - Lessa, Lemma AU - Negash, Solomon AU - Belachew, Mesfin T2 - Emerging Issues and Prospects in African E-Government: A2 - Sodhi, Inderjeet Singh AB - There are many e-government failures in developing countries. Most studies look at these after the event (post hoc), but this chapter takes an original approach to look mid-implementation (durante hoc) in order to provide recommendations for improvement. The authors chose a partial failure/partial success land management information system being implemented in one Ethiopian city. The project has made retrieval of land information quicker and simpler but is only partly implemented, and is still—on occasion—circumvented by public servants for personal gain. They used design-reality gap framework to understand why the project had partly failed. The authors used the design-reality gap analysis to propose an action plan that would help institutionalise the system, steering it from partial failure to success. They demonstrate the value of this framework as a tool for mid-implementation analysis of e-government projects. The authors recommend its usage on other ongoing e-government projects in developing countries. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - CrossRef PB - IGI Global SN - 978-1-4666-6296-4 978-1-4666-6297-1 UR - http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-4666-6296-4 Y2 - 2016/09/27/16:41:24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Power, Violence, Citizenship and Agency AU - McGee, Rosemary T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12102 DP - Google Scholar VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 36 EP - 47 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1759-5436.12102/full Y2 - 2016/09/29/13:58:29 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Political economy analysis: Topic Guide AU - Mcloughlin, Claire AB - Political economy analysis (PEA) aims to situate development interventions within an understanding of the prevailing political and economic processes in society – specifically, the incentives, relationships, and distribution and contestation of power between different groups and individuals. Such an analysis can support more politically feasible and therefore more effective development strategies by setting realistic expectations … CY - Birmingham DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - GSDRC, University of Birmingham UR - http://www.gsdrc.org/topic-guides/political-economy-analysis/ Y2 - 2016/07/19/16:41:01 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Complexity-Aware Monitoring Discussion Note (Screencast) T2 - USAID A2 - Patsalides, Melissa A2 - Britt, Heather AB - This screencast covers information included in the Complexity-Aware Monitoring Discussion Note. The topic is intended for those seeking cutting-edge solutions to monitoring complex aspects of strategies and projects. Most of the principles and promising approaches discussed here have a significant body of theory and practice behind them, but many have not been used to monitor USAID strategies and projects. We have much to learn about whether and how they can be applied successfully in the Agency. USAID's Office of Learning, Evaluation, and Research in the Bureau of Policy, Planning, and Learning has partnered with different groups through monitoring trials to build a body of evidence regarding which complexity-aware M&E approaches are most effective in the contexts of USAID programming. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 M3 - Screencast UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/complexity-aware-monitoring-discussion-note-screencast ER - TY - JOUR TI - Power Above and Below the Waterline: Bridging Political Economy and Power Analysis AU - Pettit, Jethro AU - Mejía Acosta, Andrés T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2014/09// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12100 DP - CrossRef VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 9 EP - 22 LA - en SN - 02655012 ST - Power Above and Below the Waterline UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1759-5436.12100 Y2 - 2016/04/21/11:32:24 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Local First in practice AU - Pinnington, R T2 - Peace Direct DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - http://www.peacedirect.org/local-first-in-practice Y2 - 2016/04/17/14:09:40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participation Schemas: a tool to characterize collaborative participation AU - Prieto-Martín, Pedro T2 - PDD2014, Contemporary difficulties and future prospects for Participatory and Deliberative Democracy, NewCastle DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 9 EP - 11 J2 - PDD2014, Contemporary difficulties and future prospects for Participatory and Deliberative Democracy, NewCastle ER - TY - JOUR TI - Caracterizando la participación ciudadana en el marco del Gobierno Abierto AU - Prieto-Martín, Pedro AU - Ramírez-Alujas, Álvaro V. T2 - Revista del CLAD. Reforma y Democracia AB - Este artículo profundiza conceptualmente en las dimensiones del Gobierno Abierto, centrándose en el análisis y caracterización de su dimensión participativa. Se propone, en primer lugar, una tipología de actos participativos que muestra el efecto potenciador que las TIC ejercen sobre las distintas formas de participación. En segundo lugar, se presentan los denominados “Esquemas de participación” (EdP), un instrumento conceptual que facilita el análisis y la representación estandarizada de las dimensiones más importantes de la participación. Los EdP proporcionan así, por un lado, un modelo de categorización que extiende nuestra comprensión crítica de la participación y, por otro lado, una herramienta potente y flexible para la comunicación, el diseño y la evaluación de diversos tipos de iniciativas participativas. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 VL - 58 UR - http://old.clad.org/portal/publicaciones-del-clad/revista-clad-reforma-democracia/articulos/058-Febrero-2014/caracterizando-la-participacion-ciudadana-en-el-marco-del-gobierno-abierto ER - TY - RPRT TI - Innovation teams and labs. A Practice Guide AU - Puttick, Ruth CY - London DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - Nesta UR - http://states-of-change.org/assets/downloads/innovation_teams_and_labs_a_practice_guide.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/03/09:18:45 ER - TY - RPRT TI - From best practice to best fit: understanding and navigating wicked problems in international development AU - Ramalingam, Ben AU - Laric, Miguel AU - Primrose, John T2 - Working Paper DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - Google Scholar PB - ODI ST - From best practice to best fit UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/8571-complexity-wiked-problems-tools-ramalingam-dfid Y2 - 2016/09/22/12:24:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Adapting lean thinking to market systems development: Principles and practices for donors/funders AU - Rasmussen, Leanne AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide funders and implementers of market systems development (MSD) projects with principles, practices, and structures that enables these projects to thrive. It is based on a book that has sold millions of copies worldwide, and a school of thought taught at institutions such as Harvard Business School and practiced in companies ranging from giants such as Toyota to the most successful tech start-ups in Silicon Valley. Published in 2011, Eric Ries wrote the Lean Startup as a remedy to the countless start-ups that create their own demises by getting started with the wrong goals, the wrong structures, and the wrong processes. He outlines an approach that enables the startup to navigate ambiguity and risk while using resources effectively. The conditions a MSD project faces are remarkably similar to those which a startup business faces; it needs structures and processes that are matched to the unpredictable, complex environment which it is attempting to influence. MSD projects can thus benefit from private-sector thought leadership on how start-ups can situate themselves for success. This paper starts with an overview of lean thinking, a concept that derives from lean manufacturing which is widely accepted as the leading approach to modern manufacturing. It explains how Ries’s Lean Startup adapts these principles, and then it in turn adapts these ideas for market systems development. The following three sections provide an overview of Lean Startup concepts, applying them to the development sector as appropriate. The final section summarizes and makes suggestions on next steps for funders who wish to set MSD projects up for success using a lean approach. Overall, the paper builds a case for how the Lean Startup’s approach can enable MSD projects to work successfully in ambiguity and increase their potential for achieving robust and sustainable results, all while using donor resources more efficiently. CY - Toronto DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - Engineers without borders UR - http://www.seepnetwork.org/adapting-lean-thinking-to-market-systems-development--principles-and-practices-for-donors-funders-resources-1315.php Y2 - 2017/02/18/00:00:00 KW - Adaptive Development KW - Lean ER - TY - RPRT TI - Theory of Change AU - Rogers, Patricia T2 - Methodological Briefs: Impact Evaluation DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 16 PB - UNICEF SN - 2 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/sites/default/files/Theory_of_Change_ENG.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - The politics of public sector performance: pockets of effectiveness in developing countries T2 - Routledge research in comparative politics A3 - Roll, Michael CY - London DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 276 LA - eng M1 - 55 PB - Routledge SN - 978-0-415-64361-0 978-1-138-95639-1 978-1-315-85771-8 ST - The politics of public sector performance ER - TY - RPRT TI - Starting out on Social Return on Investment AU - SROI Network AU - Aitken, Hall AB - This guide, created by the SROI Network in collaboration with Hall Aitken, is aimed at providing guidance to those who have never used SROI on where to begin. The guide provides practical steps to beginning the process of SROI and includes links to tools aimed at supporting its implementation. Excerpt "Most public, private and third sector organisations have a pretty good idea of the costs of what they do. Annual accounts, management accounts, budget reports and a whole accountancy profession add up to a great deal of effort to make sure this is the case. Some organisations are quite good at counting what they do with these resources. They can track the number of users or contacts, or customers. Many can provide some evidence that these activities lead to some sort of change. But very few can explain clearly why all this matters. What would happen if they did not exist? What is the real value of what they do? Social Return on Investment sets out to redress the balance by looking at value not just cost." Contents Part one – why, what and how? Why does social value matter? What is SROI? How do I do SROI? Next steps Part two – progress tool Part three – practical next steps Steps to involve stakeholders Steps to understand what changes Steps to value the things that matter Steps to only include what is material Steps to avoid overclaiming Steps to be transparent Steps to verify the result DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 8 UR - http://www.socialvalueuk.org/app/uploads/2016/03/Starting%20Out%20Guide.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond Ballotocracy: Citizens' Voices and the Many Faces of Unruly Politics AU - Tadros, Mariz T2 - IDS Bulletin DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12103 DP - Google Scholar VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 48 EP - 57 ST - Beyond Ballotocracy UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1759-5436.12103/full Y2 - 2016/09/29/13:58:23 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Organisational Performance Index AU - The Kenya Institute of Management AB - The OPI Business Excellence Model exists to help organizations improve their performance and succeed in the competitive global marketplace. We are dedicated to improving African organizations regardless of sector, size or structure. The OPI was developed in response to feedback from organization participating in Company of the Year Award (COYA) and SME of the Year Award (SMOYA), who called on the Kenya Institute of Management (KIM) to refine the assessment methodology in order to emphasize the relationship between instilling smart business processes and generating strong business results. Whilst there are numerous management tools and techniques commonly used, the OPI Excellence Model is a practical, non-prescriptive framework which provides a holistic view of the organisation and it can be used to determine how these different methods fit together and complement each other. The Model can therefore be used in conjunction with any number of these tools, based on the needs and function of the organisation, as an overarching framework for developing sustainable excellence. We also administer the Annual Company of the Year Awards (COYA) and the SME of the Year Awards (SMOYA). Our key services are to identify and recognize role-model organizations, share best management practices, and help organizations achieve best-in-class performance levels. The OPI is an excellence model that generates a rating between 1 and 10, which sets a minimum score that an organisation must attain to remain competitive. The attainment of a minimum Organisation Performance Index ( OPI) demonstrates that organisations have applied an organisational strategy that drives effectiveness and competitiveness; failure to attain the minimum OPI demonstrates the organisation has not engaged the processes required to enable world class organisational performance. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - https://www.kim.ac.ke/index.php/opi/ ER - TY - SLIDE TI - USAID’s Data Quality Standards & Conducting a DQA A2 - USAID DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 M3 - PowerPoint Training UR - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1861/DQA_Training_and_Preparation_11-17-14.ppt Y2 - 2019/07/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive Management: From More Talk to Real Action AU - Williams, Byron K. AU - Brown, Eleanor D. T2 - Environmental Management AB - The challenges currently facing resource managers are large-scale and complex, and demand new approaches to balance development and conservation goals. One approach that shows considerable promise for addressing these challenges is adaptive management, which by now is broadly seen as a natural, intuitive, and potentially effective way to address decision-making in the face of uncertainties. Yet the concept of adaptive management continues to evolve, and its record of success remains limited. In this article, we present an operational framework for adaptive decision-making, and describe the challenges and opportunities in applying it to real-world problems. We discuss the key elements required for adaptive decision-making, and their integration into an iterative process that highlights and distinguishes technical and social learning. We illustrate the elements and processes of the framework with some successful on-the-ground examples of natural resource management. Finally, we address some of the difficulties in applying learning-based management, and finish with a discussion of future directions and strategic challenges. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s00267-013-0205-7 DP - PubMed Central VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 465 EP - 479 J2 - Environ Manage SN - 0364-152X ST - Adaptive Management UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4544568/ Y2 - 2017/01/09/16:12:56 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rapid outcome mapping approach: a guide to policy engagement and influence AU - Young, John AU - Shaxson, Louise AU - Jones, harry AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Datta, Ajoy AU - Cassidy, Caroline DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 84 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9011.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Design of Everyday Things, revised and expanded edition AU - Norman, Donald A. AB - Even the smartest among us can feel inept as we try to figure out the shower control in a hotel or attempt to navigate an unfamiliar television set or stove. When The Design of Everyday Things was published in 1988, cognitive scientist Don Norman provocatively proposed that the fault lies not in ourselves, but in design that ignores the needs and psychology of people. Fully revised to keep the timeless principles of psychology up to date with ever-changing new technologies, The Design of Everyday Things is a powerful appeal for good design, and a reminder of how -- and why -- some products satisfy while others only disappoint. CY - Cambridge, MA London DA - 2013/12/20/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon ET - 2nd revised and expanded ed edition SP - 368 LA - English PB - MIT Press SN - 978-0-262-52567-1 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Building tech-powered public services AU - Bickerstaffe, Sarah AB - Given the rapid pace of technological change and take up by the public it is a question of when not if public services become tech powered This new paper asks how we can ensure that innovations are successfully introduced and deployed CY - London DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013 PB - Institute for Public Policy Research UR - http://www.ippr.org/publications/building-tech-powered-public-services Y2 - 2017/02/20/11:51:45 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Adaptive Leadership: Accelerating Enterprise Agility AU - Highsmith, Jim DA - 2013/11/01/ PY - 2013 DP - informIT database ET - 1st SP - 124 PB - Addison-Wesley Professional. SN - 978-0-13-359844-5 ST - Adaptive Leadership UR - http://www.informit.com/store/adaptive-leadership-accelerating-enterprise-agility-9780133598445 Y2 - 2016/11/04/16:46:30 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Politics, Political Change and International Development AU - Halloran, Brendan T2 - Politics, Governance and Development AB - As my inaugural post on my new blog, I thought I would re-post a short piece I wrote earlier this year about foreign aid (original here). Thomas Carothers and Diane de Garamont address this issue i… DA - 2013/10/23/T20:16:50+00:00 PY - 2013 UR - https://politicsgovernancedevelopment.wordpress.com/2013/10/23/politics-political-change-and-international-development/ Y2 - 2016/04/28/09:41:36 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Adaptive programming AU - Vowles, Pete T2 - DFID Bloggers AB - Staff blogs from the UK Department for International Development. Get real-life perspectives from those on the ground to fight poverty and join in the debate. DA - 2013/10/21/ PY - 2013 UR - https://dfid.blog.gov.uk/2013/10/21/adaptive-programming Y2 - 2017/07/04/09:34:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning about Theories of Change for the Monitoring and Evaluation of Research Uptake AU - Barnett, Chris AU - Gregorowski, Robbie T2 - IDS Practice Paper In Brief AB - This paper captures lessons from recent experiences on using ‘theories of change’ amongst organisations involved in the research–policy interface. The literature in this area highlights much of the complexity inherent in the policymaking process, as well as the challenges around finding meaningful ways to measure research uptake. As a tool, ‘theories of change’ offers much, but the paper argues that the very complexity and dynamism of the research-to-policy process means that any theory of change will be inadequate in this context. Therefore, rather than overcomplicating a static depiction of change at the start (to be evaluated at the end), incentives need to be in place to regularly collect evidence around the theory, test it periodically, and then reflect and reconsider its relevance and assumptions. CY - Brighton DA - 2013/10/01/ PY - 2013 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS SN - 14 UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/2995 Y2 - 2021/12/20/12:47:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural Disaster Monitoring with Wireless Sensor Networks: A Case Study of Data-intensive Applications upon Low-Cost Scalable Systems AU - Chen, Dan AU - Liu, Zhixin AU - Wang, Lizhe AU - Dou, Minggang AU - Chen, Jingying AU - Li, Hui T2 - Mobile Networks and Applications AB - The wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has applied in monitoring natural disasters for more than one decade. Disasters can be closely monitored by augmenting a variety of sensors, and WSN has merits in (1) low cost, (2) quick response, and (3) salability and flexibility. Natural disaster monitoring with WSN is a well-known data intensive application for the high bandwidth requirements and stringent delay constraints. It manifests a typical paradigm of data-intensive application upon low-cost scalable system. In this study, we first assessed representative works in this area by classifying those in the domains of application of WSNs for disasters and optimization technologies significantly distinguishing these from general-purpose WSNs. We then described the design of an early warning system for geohazards in reservoir region, which relies on the WSN technology inspired by the existing work with focuses on issues of (1) supporting reliable data transmission, (2) handling huge data of heterogeneous sources and types, and (3) minimizing energy consumption. This study proposes a dynamic routing protocol, a method for network recovery, and a method for managing mobile nodes to enable real-time and reliable data transmission. The system incorporates data fusion and reconstruction approaches to bring together all data into a single view of the geohazard under monitoring. A distributed algorithm for joint optimal control of power and rate has been developed, which can improve utility of network (> 95 %) and to minimize the energy consumption (reduction by > 20 % in comparison with LEACH). Experimental results indicate the potentials of the proposed approaches in terms of adapting to the needs of early warning on geohazards. DA - 2013/10/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1007/s11036-013-0456-9 DP - Springer Link VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 651 EP - 663 J2 - Mobile Netw Appl LA - en SN - 1572-8153 ST - Natural Disaster Monitoring with Wireless Sensor Networks UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-013-0456-9 Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:23:28 KW - Data-intensive application KW - Geohazard KW - Natural disaster monitoring KW - Scalable system KW - Wireless sensor network ER - TY - JOUR TI - “Shared learning” for building urban climate resilience – experiences from Asian cities AU - Orleans Reed, Sarah AU - Friend, Richard AU - Toan, Vu Canh AU - Thinphanga, Pakamas AU - Sutarto, Ratri AU - Singh, Dilip T2 - Environment and Urbanization AB - This paper considers how resilience thinking and, in particular, its emphasis on learning has been applied in 10 cities in Vietnam, India, Thailand and Indonesia. Applying a “shared learning” approach in the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) has helped to create or strengthen networks, build appreciation for complexity and uncertainty among stakeholders, provide a space for deliberating concepts such as vulnerability and resilience, and build knowledge and capacities for stakeholders to engage and represent their own interests. Shared learning approaches face considerable challenges navigating politicized urban environments, in which the nature and value of existing systems − and therefore the value of building resilience − are contested. This article suggests that deliberate, strategic intervention by facilitators may contribute to more transformative change on behalf of equitable, socially just outcomes – and thus cautions against seeing urban climate vulnerability as a technical challenge, or shared learning as a “toolkit” for building resilience. DA - 2013/10/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1177/0956247813501136 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 393 EP - 412 J2 - Environment and Urbanization LA - en SN - 0956-2478 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247813501136 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:40:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Defining the burden of proof in conservation AU - Salafsky, Nick AU - Redford, Kent H. T2 - Biological Conservation AB - Conservationists often must take action in the face of uncertainty about the costs and benefits of different options. Although this uncertainty can be paralyzing when the stakes are high, there is obviously a cost to inaction as well as action, and decision makers need to be encouraged to act when appropriate. Many other fields of human endeavor such as law, medicine, and public safety have formally developed the “burden and standards of proof” that decision makers have to meet in choosing to take action. In this paper, we review the standards developed in these other fields to help define a similar framework for conservation. Specifically we propose that a conservation decision maker must assume the burden of proof when there is a decision to act that substantially affects others, in which the decision maker has professional standing, where there is not immediate urgency, and where there is some, but not complete certainty about the outcomes of acting versus not acting. Once these initial tests have been met, in situations in which the decision maker is more worried about the consequences of not acting, then a relatively low standard of proof is required for taking action. If the decision maker is concerned with the consequences of acting in error, but the action is relatively reversible, then a medium standard of proof is required. And finally, if there are concerns about the consequences of acting in error, but the action is relatively irreversible, then a high standard of proof is required. DA - 2013/10/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.002 VL - 166 SP - 247 EP - 253 J2 - Biological Conservation SN - 0006-3207 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320713002267 KW - Biodiversity KW - Burden of proof KW - Decision theory KW - Standard of proof KW - Uncertainty ER - TY - BLOG TI - Outcome Mapping AU - Better Evaluation T2 - Better Evaluation AB - Outcome mapping (OM) is a methodology for planning, monitoring and evaluating development initiatives in order to bring about sustainable social change. As the name suggests, its niche is understanding outcomes; the so-called ‘missing-middle’ or ‘black box’ of results that emerge downstream from the initiative’s activities but upstream from longer-term economic, environmental, political or demographic changes. At the planning stage, the process of outcome mapping helps a project team or program be specific about the actors it intends to target, the changes it hopes to see and the strategies appropriate to achieve these. For ongoing monitoring, OM provides a set of tools to design and gather information on the results of the change process, measured in terms of the changes in behaviour, actions or relationships that can be influenced by the team or program. DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/plan/approach/outcome_mapping Y2 - 2018/10/18/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning study on 'the users' in Technology for Transparency and Accountability initiatives: Assumptions and realities AU - McGee, Rosemary AU - Carlitz, Ruth CY - Brighton DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013 PB - IDS ER - TY - RPRT TI - Designing Participatory Meetings and Brownbags: A TOPS Quick Guide to Linking Development Practitioners AU - TOPS AB - Visit this resource for ideas on designing meetings and brownbags that are engaging and build inopportunities for participant dialogue. CY - Washington DC DA - 2013/09/27/T11:31:51-04:00 PY - 2013 LA - en PB - Technical and Operational Performance Support Program, USAID UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/library/designing-participatory-meetings-and-brownbags Y2 - 2018/12/19/12:51:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Guidelines for the Monitoring System for Development-Related Changes (MERV) AU - SDC DA - 2013/09// PY - 2013 PB - SDC UR - https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/Guideline%20for%20the%20Monitoring%20System%20of%20Development-Related%20Changes.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/06/12:51:19 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Smart Environmental Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks AU - El-Bendary, Nashwa AU - Fouad, Mohamed AU - Ramadan, Rabie AU - Banerjee, Soumya AU - Hassanien, Aboul T2 - Wireless Sensor Networks C2 - Emary, Ibrahiem C2 - Ramakrishnan, S DA - 2013/08/22/ PY - 2013 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) SP - 731 EP - 754 LA - en PB - CRC Press SN - 978-1-4665-1810-0 978-1-4665-1811-7 UR - http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b15425-33 Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:10:14 ER - TY - BLOG TI - From a last mile century to a first mile revolution: the future is OSLO AU - Indy Johar T2 - Medium AB - The Future is OSLO DA - 2013/08/17/ PY - 2013 ST - from a last mile century to a first mile revolution UR - https://medium.com/field-notes/from-a-last-mile-century-to-a-first-mile-revolution-bf99b2f41248 Y2 - 2016/09/16/13:50:59 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Citizen-Centered Governance: The Mayor's Office of New Urban Mechanics and the Evolution of CRM in Boston AU - Crawford, Susan P. AU - Walters, Dana AB - Over the last three years, the Boston Mayor's Office of New Urban Mechanics, the innovative, collaborative ethos within City Hall fostered by Mayor Menino and h CY - Rochester, NY DA - 2013/08/07/ PY - 2013 DP - papers.ssrn.com M3 - SSRN Scholarly Paper PB - Social Science Research Network SN - ID 2307158 ST - Citizen-Centered Governance UR - http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2307158 Y2 - 2013/08/25/20:46:12 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Lessons for Effective resilience programs: a case study of the RAIN program in Ethiopia AU - Kleiman, Shanti AB - The RAIN program experience affirms the importance of multi-year and flexible funding as key program design features if progress in resilience building is to be supported in areas with high levels of structural and temporal vulnerability. These features enable management to respond effectively to changing circumstances in order to better meet the needs of communities and to create the necessary conditions for relief-to-development strategies to take hold. Finally, this study found that deliberate and effective coordination between donor agencies can ensure that development gains achieved during one program period are directly leveraged by subsequent programs, thereby increasing the effectiveness of resilience programs. DA - 2013/08// PY - 2013 DP - Zotero SP - 22 LA - en PB - Mercy Corps ER - TY - BOOK TI - Building a Better International NGO: Greater than the Sum of the Parts? AU - Crowley, James AU - Ryan, Morgana AB - In the wake of tremendous growth in the size and scope of their activities, as well as the increased complexity of their programs, how can large international NGOs work effectively―so that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts? James Crowley and Morgana Ryan address this question, drawing on their extensive hands-on experience to offer a practical and even provocative guide. The authors cover a range of essential topics, among them: What are INGOs good at? What should they be good at? Where does new technology fit in? What about accountability? What’s the best way to tackle strategic planning? In the process, they challenge those in leadership positions to recognize and implement the changes that are needed so that their organizations can perform better―and stay relevant―in the decades to come. CY - Boulder DA - 2013/07/17/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon SP - 208 LA - English PB - Kumarian Press SN - 978-1-56549-583-8 ST - Building a Better International NGO ER - TY - RPRT TI - What is democratic evaluation? AU - Picciotto, R. T2 - Evaluation Connections AB - This article from Robert Picciotto provides an overview of democratic evaluation, particularly with reference to its use in the European Union context. "Can evaluation strengthen the democratic process? Specifically can it help fill the democratic deficit (limited transparency; weak bureaucratic accountability, etc.) often ascribed to the European Union? First and foremost, evaluators operating in the European space should be committed to the ethical and democratic values of the European project and the promotion of its social inclusion and cohesion ideals. But two other sets of challenges must also be met: those that relate to evaluation in democracy and those that relate to democracy in evaluation. The former has to do with the macro positioning of evaluation processes in society. The latter has to do with the evaluation approaches and methods used in deliberative democratic decision making processes." (Picciotto, 2013) DA - 2013/06// PY - 2013 UR - http://www.czech-in.org/ees/ees-newsletter-2013-06-june-special.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An analysis of factors influencing success of ICT4D projects: a case study of the Schools Computerisation Programme in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. AU - Musiyandaka, Donna AU - Ranga, Gideon AU - Kiwa, Jacqueline Fungai T2 - The Journal of Community Informatics DA - 2013/05/12/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.15353/joci.v9i4.3144 DP - ci-journal.net VL - 9 IS - 4 LA - en SN - 1712-4441 ST - An analysis of factors influencing success of ICT4D projects UR - http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/1016 Y2 - 2016/06/23/11:18:45 KW - ICT4D programmes KW - success factors ER - TY - BOOK TI - Citizens Against Corruption: Report from the Front Line AU - Landell-Mills, Pierre AB - Citizens Against Corruption: Report From The Front Line tells the story of how groups of courageous and dedicated citizens across the globe are taking direct action to root out corruption. It shows how people are no longer prepared to accept the predatory activities of dishonest officials and are challenging their scams. It draws on over 200 unique case studies that describe initiatives undertaken by 130 civil society organisations (CSOs) which engage directly with public agencies to stop the bribery and extortion that damages peoples' lives and obstructs social and economic progress. This book challenges the notion that, at best, civil society can only have a marginal impact on reducing corruption and argues that aid donors need to radically rethink their assistance for governance reform. Part 1 analyses the role citizens can play in fighting corruption and promoting good governance and briefly tells the story of the Partnership for Transparency Fund (PTF). Part 2 presents studies of India, Mongolia, Philippines, and Uganda - each with its unique history and distinctive circumstances - to illustrate activities undertaken by CSOs to root out corruption, including the tools and approaches that are being used to build pressure on corrupt public agencies to become transparent and accountable. Part 3 addresses key themes - strengthening the rule of law, putting in place effective national anti-corruption strategies and institutions, making public buying and selling honest, promoting grassroots monitoring of public expenditures and the provision of public services, mounting media campaigns to expose and defeat corruption, and empowering ordinary citizens to keep watch on what actually happens at the point of delivery of public services. Part 4 is a summary of lessons learnt and explores the potential, as well as the risks and limitations, of civic activism in a world where greed and dishonesty is the norm. Finally, the book explores the opportunities and dangers faced by aid donors in supporting local CSOs and charts a way forward. Citizens Against Corruption: Report From The Front Line will be of interest to staff working in CSOs and aid agencies, policy analysts and researchers concerned about corruption and poor governance. CY - Kibworth Beauchamp DA - 2013/05/01/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon SP - 288 LA - English PB - Matador SN - 978-1-78306-086-3 ST - Citizens Against Corruption UR - https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/citizens-against-corruption-what-works-findings-from-200-projects-in-53-countries/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Outcome Measurement in Local Governance Programmes: a Power Dimension AU - McGee, Rosemary AU - Pettit, Jethro T2 - WIP Paper CY - Brighton DA - 2013/05// PY - 2013 DP - Google Scholar PB - IDS UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/outcome-measurement-in-local-governance-programmes-a-power-dimension Y2 - 2017/06/28/10:55:37 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Development Aid Confronts Politics: The Almost Revolution AU - Carothers, Thomas AU - de Gramont, Diane AB - A new lens on development is changing the world of international aid. The overdue recognition that development in all sectors is an inherently political process is driving aid providers to try to learn how to think and act politically. Major donors are pursuing explicitly political goals alongside their traditional socioeconomic aims and introducing more politically informed methods throughout their work. Yet these changes face an array of external and internal obstacles, from heightened sensitivity on the part of many aid-receiving governments about foreign political interventionism to inflexible aid delivery mechanisms and entrenched technocratic preferences within many aid organizations. This pathbreaking book assesses the progress and pitfalls of the attempted politics revolution in development aid and charts a constructive way forward. CY - Washington, DC DA - 2013/04/30/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon SP - 360 LA - English PB - EDS Publications Ltd. SN - 978-0-87003-400-8 ST - Development Aid Confronts Politics UR - https://www.amazon.co.uk/Development-Aid-Confronts-Politics-Revolution/dp/0870034006 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Is It Time for a New Paradigm for "Citizen Engagement"? The Role of Context and What the Evidence Tells Us AU - O'Meally, Simon T2 - People, Spaces, Deliberation AB - The meteoric rise of "citizen engagement" Almost all development agencies promote some form of citizen engagement and accountability, often framed as 'voice', 'demand-side governance', 'demand for good governance' or 'social accountability'. The current World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, recently put it that, "citizen voice can be pivotal in providing the demand-side pressure on government, service providers, and organizations such as the World Bank that is needed to encourage full and swift response to citizen needs". There has, in turn, been a mushrooming of useful operational guidance on different "tools" for social accountability - i.e. steps, inputs and methodologies - that guide discrete interventions, ranging from citizen score cards to participatory expenditure tracking. One might, however, be forgiven for thinking that some of the debates on citizen engagement need an injection of realism; especially as contextual factors can make or break a "tool's" implementation. A review of experience to date would be one good place to start. DA - 2013/04/29/T15:57-04:00 PY - 2013 LA - en M3 - Text ST - Is It Time for a New Paradigm for "Citizen Engagement"? UR - http://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/it-time-new-paradigm-citizen-engagement-role-context-and-what-evidence-tells-us Y2 - 2016/04/21/10:02:17 ER - TY - BLOG TI - EPE Week: Lee-Anne Molony on Collaborative Outcomes Reporting AU - Molony, L A T2 - AEA365 a Tip-a-day by and for Evaluators AB - This AEA365 blog, written by Lee-Anne Molony a Principal Consultant at Clear Horizon, provides a brief overview on Collaborative Outcomes Reporting (COR). DA - 2013/04/23/ PY - 2013 UR - https://aea365.org/blog/epe-week-lee-anne-molony-on-collaborative-outcomes-reporting/ Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Importing Democracy: The Role of NGO's in South Africa, Tajikistan, & Argentina AU - Fisher, Julie AB - While street protesters demanding democratic reforms make headlines in the international news, Importing Democracy: The Role of NGOs in South Africa, Tajikistan, and Argentina, written by Julie Fisher and published by the Kettering Foundation Press, focuses on a quieter movement led by democratization NGOs. In South Africa, the Good Governance Learning Network shares participatory tools to make local governments more responsive. In Tajikistan, Jahan teaches local police about human rights. In Argentina, seven democratization NGOs sponsor public deliberations in local communities and have organized a nationwide citizens network to combat municipal government corruption. The book is organized around three chapters for each country, South Africa, Tajikistan, and Argentina. The first chapter of each country s section begins with the historical, political, and economic context and continues with a discussion of the general contours of civil society. The second chapter in each section deals with the role of democratization NGOs in promoting both loyal opposition and law-based civil liberties. The third chapter focuses on their role in promoting political culture and political participation. Loyal opposition and law-based civil liberties help define democratization at the national level, whereas changes in political culture and increased political partici­pation often occur throughout society. Follow­ing the nine country chapters, the book concludes with a comparative overview and implications for international policy. Fisher, a former Kettering Foundation program officer, writes that the idea that democracy can be exported has lost credibility in recent years. In many countries, however, democratization NGOs are importing democratic ideas and recovering local democratic traditions. CY - Dayton, Ohio DA - 2013/04/12/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon ET - 1st edition LA - English PB - Kettering Foundation Press SN - 978-0-923993-47-4 ST - Importing Democracy ER - TY - RPRT TI - It's All About MeE: Using Structured Experiential Learning (“e”) to Crawl the Design Space AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Samji, Salimah AU - Hammer, Jeffrey T2 - Working Paper 322 AB - This paper argues that within-project variations in design can serve as their own counterfactual, reducing the incremental cost of evaluation and increasing the direct usefulness of evaluation to implementing agencies. It suggests combining monitoring (‘M’), structured experiential learning (‘e’), and evaluation (‘E’) so as to facilitate innovation and organisational capability building while also providing accountability … CY - Washington DC DA - 2013/04// PY - 2013 PB - Center for Global Development ST - It's All About MeE UR - http://www.gsdrc.org/document-library/its-all-about-mee-using-structured-experiential-learning-e-to-crawl-the-design-space/ Y2 - 2017/05/17/15:17:34 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Retrospective ‘Outcome Harvesting’: Generating robust insights about a global voluntary environmental network AU - Rassmann, Kornelia AU - Smith, Richard AU - Mauremootoo, John AU - Wilson-Grau, Ricardo DA - 2013/04// PY - 2013 SP - 16 PB - Better Evaluation UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/sites/default/files/Retrospective%20outcome%20harvesting.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Reflections on applying iterative and incremental software development methodologies to aid and development work in developing countries AU - Haikin, Matt T2 - MattHaikin.com DA - 2013/03/11/ PY - 2013 UR - https://matthaikin.com/2013/03/11/reflecting-on-agile-approaches-to-developmentict4d Y2 - 2017/09/01/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Making the Most of Mess: Reliability and Policy in Today's Management Challenges AU - Roe, Emery AB - In Making the Most of Mess, Emery Roe emphasizes that policy messes cannot be avoided or cleaned up; they need to be managed. He shows how policymakers and other professionals can learn these necessary skills from control operators who manage large critical infrastructures such as water supplies, telecommunications systems, and electricity grids. The ways in which they prevent major accidents and failures offer models for policymakers and other professionals to manage the messes they face.Throughout, Roe focuses on the global financial mess of 2008 and its ongoing aftermath, showing how mismanagement has allowed it to morph into other national and international messes. More effective management is still possible for this and many other policy messes but that requires better recognition of patterns and formulation of scenarios, as well as the ability to translate pattern and scenario into reliability. Developing networks of professionals who respond to messes is particularly important. Roe describes how these networks enable the avoidance of bad or worse messes, take advantage of opportunities resulting from messes, and address societal and professional challenges. In addition to finance, he draws from a wide range of case material in other policy arenas. Roe demonstrates that knowing how to manage policy messes is the best approach to preventing crises. DA - 2013/03/08/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon SP - 217 LA - English PB - Duke University Press Books ST - Making the Most of Mess ER - TY - RPRT TI - A problem-focused approach to violence against women: The political-economy of justice and security programming AU - Denney, Lisa AU - Domingo, Pilar AB - The United Nations Commission on the Status of Women ended its 57th session on 15 March 2013 with an outcome document affirming the importance of eliminating violence against women (VAW). The Commission was unable, however, to achieve consensus on a global action plan. The negative reaction of some UN member states to an action plan is a worrying reminder of ongoing resistance to reform. These persistent challenges highlight the continuing struggle to gain a serious global commitment to address VAW and recognise it as a breach of women’s fundamental human rights. Engaging in this struggle, many donors have put addressing VAW generally, and in fragile and conflictaffected situations (FCAS) specifically, at the top of the development agenda and made it a major priority of international policy. But in practice progress remains difficult, not least due to entrenched resistance and discriminatory socio-political norms and gender relations that persist in many societies. The problem of violence against women therefore needs to be addressed from the perspective of the concrete socio-political and cultural conditions that shape its particular features and the relevant context specific dynamics of conflict, post-conflict patterns of violence and fragility. International efforts to support reform in the area of VAW in FCAS need to go beyond prescriptive approaches that focus on what access to protection, justice and redress should look like. We propose here an approach that engages with the specificities of the problem – paying attention to context, and the concrete political-economy dynamics of the drivers of VAW – and takes account of the real options that DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 SP - 12 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8325.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring and Evaluating Conflict Sensitivity: Methodological Challenges and Practical Solutions AU - Goldwyn, Rachel AU - Chigas, Diana CY - London DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 LA - en-US PB - DFID ST - Monitoring and Evaluating Conflict Sensitivity UR - https://www.cdacollaborative.org/publication/monitoring-and-evaluating-conflict-sensitivity-methodological-challenges-and-practical-solutions/ Y2 - 2019/03/06/16:41:34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive management: where are we now? AU - Rist, Lucy AU - Campbell, Bruce M. AU - Frost, Peter T2 - Environmental Conservation AB - Adaptive management (AM) emerged in the literature in the mid-1970s in response both to a realization of the extent of uncertainty involved in management, and a frustration with attempts to use modelling to integrate knowledge and make predictions. The term has since become increasingly widely used in scientific articles, policy documents and management plans, but both understanding and application of the concept is mixed. This paper reviews recent literature from conservation and natural resource management journals to assess diversity in how the term is used, highlight ambiguities and consider how the concept might be further assessed. AM is currently being used to describe many different management contexts, scales and locations. Few authors define the term explicitly or describe how it offers a means to improve management outcomes in their specific management context. Many do not adhere to the idea as it was originally conceived, despite citing seminal work. Significant confusion exists over the distinction between active and passive approaches. Over half of the studies reporting to implement AM claimed to have done so successfully, yet none quantified specific benefits, or costs, in relation to possible alternatives. Similarly those studies reporting to assess the approach did so only in relation to specific models and their parameterizations; none assessed the benefits or costs of AM in the field. AM is regarded by some as an effective and well-established framework to support the management of natural resources, yet by others as a concept difficult to realize and fraught with implementation challenges; neither of these observations is wholly accurate. From a scientific and technical perspective many practical questions remain; in particular real-world assessments of the value of experimentation within a management framework, as well as of identified challenges and pathologies, are needed. Further discussion and systematic assessment of the approach is required, together with greater attention to its definition and description, enabling the assessment of new approaches to managing uncertainty, and AM itself. DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1017/S0376892912000240 DP - Cambridge Core VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 18 LA - en SN - 0376-8929, 1469-4387 ST - Adaptive management UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/environmental-conservation/article/adaptive-management-where-are-we-now/24F01724AE95E4595466C1D843F2E1BE Y2 - 2019/02/25/11:58:28 KW - Adaptive Management KW - Decision making KW - Natural resource management KW - conservation KW - experimental management KW - uncertainty ER - TY - RPRT TI - Improving the Evaluability of INGO Empowerment and Accountability Programmes AU - Shutt, Cathy AU - McGee, Rosemary T2 - CDI Practice Paper 1 CY - Brighton DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 PB - Centre for Development Impact UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/3141 Y2 - 2021/01/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development: Changing Rules for Realistic Solutions AU - Andrews, Matt AB - Institutional reforms are common across the globe. Think of efforts to build new governments in Afghanistan and Iraq; or decades worth of interventions intended to improve fiscal management, reduce corruption or introduce efficient public sector service delivery in African countries.These reforms often have limited results, however. They lead to new laws that are not properly implemented, and new organizations that have poor capacities and fail to function as needed. In this book, Matt Andrews explains why reform results are frequently limited and suggests ways to overcome these limits. In the first half of the book, Andrews argues that reforms fail to make governments better when they are introduced as signals to gain short-term support--from donors and others. Reforms as signals introduce unrealistic best practices that do not fit developing country contexts and are not considered relevant by implementing agents. The result is a set of new forms that do not function properly. Andrews uses examples to prove this point, ranging from efforts to introduce fiscal rules in Argentina to reforms aimed at international accounting standard adoption in many African countries, and anti corruption interventions in Malawi and Uganda. In the second half of the book, Andrews notes that there are instances where reforms are not being introduced as signals, and are having more of an impact on government effectiveness. Examples include local government reforms in Rwanda, anti corruption initiatives in Indonesia, and a variety of initiatives ranging from results based management to civil service modernization and internal control regime adoption in governments like Kenya, Kosovo and Afghanistan. Andrews uses these examples to discuss ways in which reforms can actually provide realistic solutions to governance challenges in developing countries. Lessons from these experiences suggest that reform limits can be overcome by focusing interventions on problem solving, and promoting incremental and localized processes to find solutions, involving multiple agents who can authorize and implement reforms. CY - Cambridge DA - 2013/02/11/ PY - 2013 DP - Amazon SP - 268 LA - English PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-107-01633-0 ST - The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning in NGO Advocacy - Findings from Comparative Policy Advocacy MEL Review Project AU - Coe, Jim AU - Majot, Juliette AB - For organizations committed to social change, advocacy often figures as a crucial strategic element. How to assess effectiveness in advocacy is, therefore, important. The usefulness of Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) in advocacy are subject to much current debate. Advocacy staff, MEL professionals, senior managers, the funding community, and stakeholders of all kinds are searching for ways to improve practices – and thus their odds of success – in complex and contested advocacy environments. This study considers what a selection of leading advocacy organizations are doing in practice. We set out to identify existing practice and emergent trends in advocacy-related MEL practice, to explore current challenges and innovations. The study presents perceptions of how MEL contributes to advocacy effectiveness, and reviews the resources and structures dedicated to MEL. CY - London DA - 2013/02// PY - 2013 PB - ODI and Oxfam UR - https://www.alnap.org/help-library/monitoring-evaluation-and-learning-in-ngo-advocacy-findings-from-comparative-policy Y2 - 2021/03/26/10:53:04 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Learning Lab - Collaborate, Learn and Adapt for better development outcomes AU - Learning Lab T2 - USAID AB - CLA is: a component of several missions' CDCSes. a conceptual framework for some principles and operational processes that can enable USAID to become a more effective learning organization and thereby a more effective development organization. an approach to facilitating local participation and capacity and promoting country-led development. For more information on CLA visit: DA - 2013/01/07/T12:01:49-05:00 PY - 2013 LA - und M3 - Text UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org Y2 - 2016/08/05/14:49:47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive Management in the Face of Climate Change and Endangered Species Protection AU - Gardner, Emily T2 - Ecology Law Quarterly DA - 2013/01/03/ PY - 2013 DP - Zotero VL - 40 SP - 44 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Impact Evaluation: Taking stock and looking ahead - Conference report AU - Visser, Irene AU - Guijt, Irene AU - Kusters, Cecile AB - This report summarises the presentations and discussions of the Conference ‘Impact evaluation. Taking stock and looking ahead’, which took place in Wageningen on March 25 and 26, 2013. The Conference was organised and funded by the Centre for CY - Wageningen DA - 2013/01/01/ PY - 2013 DP - www.academia.edu LA - en PB - Centre for Development Innovation ST - Impact Evaluation UR - https://www.academia.edu/111110248/Impact_Evaluation_Taking_stock_and_looking_ahead Y2 - 2023/12/11/09:28:43 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Embracing Emergence: How Collective Impact Addresses Complexity AU - Kania, John AU - Kramer, Mark T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Collective impact is upending conventional wisdom on how we achieve social progress. DA - 2013/01// PY - 2013 DO - 10.48558/zjy9-4d87 LA - en-us ST - Embracing Emergence UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/social_progress_through_collective_impact Y2 - 2023/02/24/11:20:37 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Systems Innovation - Discussion Paper AU - Mulgan, Geoff AU - Leadbeater, Charlie AB - Introduction Over the past few years there has been growing interest in systemic innovation. We are defining this as an interconnected set of innovations, where each influences the other, with innovation both in the parts of the system and in the ways in which they interconnect. Yet rather than simply theorising, we want to make this practical. We want to explore the potential of systemic innovation to help tackle some of the key challenges the UK currently faces, from supporting an ageing population to tackling unemployment. We would also like to open up the discussion, to engage with the wide and diverse range of experts already working this space to help sharpen up thinking about systemic innovation and influence practical work to advance it. About this paper The two essays contained within this paper are intended to contribute to this debate. The first paper by Geoff Mulgan addresses a number of questions about systemic – or ‘joined–up’ – innovation, asking what it means to truly transform a system, encompassing the means, methods, and actions needed to realise its potential. The second paper from Charlie Leadbeater argues that companies, governments, cities, and entire societies need to move from seeing innovation in products and services as a source of competitive advantage, to focussing on innovation with entire systems. Our next steps: helping make systemic innovation useful and useable This report is just the start. We want to work with academics, practitioners, policymakers, and others in the field, to help realise the great potential of connecting and joining up innovative products, services and processes so that the whole is more than the parts. Over the coming months we will be building upon the rich and diverse literature available (we have start collating this as an annex to this paper), as well as practitioner experience, to ensure we understand systems more rigorously, as well as the skills, capabilities, methods and means needed to help them change for the better. CY - London DA - 2013/01// PY - 2013 PB - NESTA UR - https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/systems_innovation_discussion_paper.pdf Y2 - 2021/07/30/08:10:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Utilization-Focused Evaluation (U-FE) Checklist AU - Patton, Michael Quinn T2 - Evaluation Checklists Projects AB - Utilization-Focused Evaluation begins with the premise that evaluations should be judged by their utility and actual use; therefore, evaluators should facilitate the evaluation process and design any evaluation with careful consideration of how everything that is done, from beginning to end, will affect use. Use concerns how real people in the real world apply evaluation findings and experience and learn from the evaluation process. The checklist is based on Essentials of Utilization-Focused Evaluation (Patton, 2012, Sage Publications). All references in the checklist to exhibits and menus refer to this book. Step 1 Assess and build program and organizational readiness for utilization-focused evaluation. Step 2 Assess and enhance evaluator readiness and competence to undertake a utilizationfocused evaluation. Step 3 Identify, organize, and engage primary intended users. Step 4 Conduct situation analysis with primary intended users Step 5 Identify primary intended uses by establishing the evaluation’s priority purposes. Step 6 Consider and build in process uses if appropriate. Step 7 Focus priority evaluation questions. Step 8 Check that fundamental areas for evaluation inquiry are being adequately addressed. Step 9 Determine what intervention model or theory of change is being evaluated. Step 10 Negotiate appropriate methods to generate credible findings and support intended use by intended users. Step 11 Make sure intended users understand potential controversies about methods and their implications. Step 12 Simulate use of findings. Step 13 Gather data with ongoing attention to use. Step 14 Organize and present the data for use by primary intended users. Step 15 Prepare an evaluation report to facilitate use and disseminate significant findings to expand influence. Step 16 Follow up with primary intended users to facilitate and enhance use. Step 17 Metaevaluation of use: Be accountable, learn, and improve DA - 2013/01// PY - 2013 SP - 19 PB - The Evaluation Center UR - https://www.wmich.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/u350/2014/UFE_checklist_2013.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Scaling Up Development Programmes AU - UNDP AB - Many development organizations, national and local governments and civil society organizations are faced with the issue of scaling up development interventions — the main questions raised time and again are: a) what should be scaled up, and how it can be scaled up; b) is there a strong reason for a particular initiative to be scaled up; and c) what should be the value-added of the scaling up efforts, and how can practitioners ensure that technological and other innovations are being integrated for improved development effectiveness? Answers to these questions depend on a host of complex realities—the relative strengths and weaknesses in national and local systems, political and economic situations, including vulnerability of country systems to shocks, commitments from development partners, power dynamics between various groups and stakeholders in a given country, regional and global environments. For the United Nations Country Teams (UNCT) and UNDP offices, another factor to consider is how to maximize our respective comparative advantages. This guidance note summarizes the main conceptual thinking available from development institutions and academia, and presents a simplified conceptual framework and roadmap for scaling up processes. It also provides UNDP programme staff and UNCTs with practical actions and checklists to consider when designing and implementing programmes that support national scaling up initiatives, and proposes actions that can be undertaken at the regional and global levels. Although intended for internal audiences, the scaling up concept and recommendations can also be used by the public and private sector, civil society and social entrepreneurs. This note benefited from a wide consultative process held in 2011, including practical recommendations and proposals from colleagues at country offices and regional/global centres. Their insights have been instrumental in the distillation of main recommendations presented in this note, and the individuals who provided substantive contributions are gratefully noted in the Acknowledgements section. DA - 2013/01// PY - 2013 PB - UNDP UR - https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/ScalingUP_guidancenote(Jan2013)_web.pdf Y2 - 2024/02/13/21:49:19 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Explaining positive deviance in public sector reforms in development AU - Andrews, Matt AB - Public sector reforms are commonplace in developing countries. Much of the literature about these reforms reflects on their failures. This paper asks about the successes and investigates which of two competing theories best explain why some reforms exhibi DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - RePEc - Econpapers M3 - Working Paper Series PB - World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER) SN - UNU-WIDER Research Paper WP2013/117 UR - http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/unuwpaper/wp2013-117.htm Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - Development KW - Innovation KW - Reform KW - case survey KW - governance KW - growth KW - leadership ER - TY - BOOK TI - Tools for supporting sustainable natural resource management and livelihoods AU - Ashley, Holly AU - Kenton, Nicole AU - Milligan, Angela DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English SN - 978-1-84369-949-1 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Use Case and Requirements Analysis in a Remote Rural Context in Mali AU - Bon, Anna AU - de Boer, Victor AU - Gyan, Nana Baah AU - van Aart, Chris AU - De Leenheer, Pieter AU - Tuyp, Wendelien AU - Boyera, Stephane AU - Froumentin, Max AU - Grewal, Aman AU - Allen, Mary AU - Tangara, Amadou AU - Akkermans, Hans T2 - Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality A2 - Doerr, Joerg A2 - Opdahl, Andreas L. AB - [Context & motivation] Few studies have reported on a systematic use case and requirements analysis of low-tech, low-resource contexts such as rural Africa. This, despite the widespread agreement on the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for social and rural development, and despite the large number of ICT projects targeting underprivileged communities. [Question/problem] Unfamiliarity with the local context and differences in cultural and educational backgrounds between end-users and software engineers are the challenges for requirements engineering (RE) we encountered. [Principal ideas/results] We describe a systematic approach to RE in developing areas, based on the Living Lab methodology. Our approach is supported by extensive field research and based on co-creation within a multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural team of developers and users. This approach creates a shared understanding of the problem and its local context, and optimizes communication. [Contribution] We illustrate the approach using a case study of web- and voice-based communication services, that we developed for a rural context in Mali. CY - Heidelberg DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - CrossRef PB - Springer SN - 978-3-642-37421-0 978-3-642-37422-7 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-37422-7_24 Y2 - 2016/05/10/10:59:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Complexity-Aware Monitoring AU - Britt, Heather AU - Patsalides, Melissa T2 - Briefing on USAID's Discussion Note DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 SP - 30 M3 - Presentation PB - USAID's Learning, Evaluation, and Research Office UR - http://623elmp01.blackmesh.com/sites/default/files/resource/files/c-am_discussion-note-brief_slides.pdf Y2 - 2018/03/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Review of the use of report cards for monitoring ecosystem and waterway health AU - Connolly, Rod AU - Bunn, Stuart AU - Campbell, Marnie AU - Escher, Beate AU - Hunter, Jane AU - Maxwell, Paul AU - Richmond, Sarah AU - Rissik, David AU - Roiko, Anne AU - Smart, Jim AU - Teasdale, Peter AU - Harbour, Sunrise Over Gladstone DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - CiteSeer PB - Gladstone Healthy Harbour Partnership ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluating Countering Violent Extremism: Practice and Progress AU - Fink, Naureen Chowdhury AU - Romaniuk, Peter AU - Barakat, Rafia DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - en PB - Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation UR - https://www.globalcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Fink_Romaniuk_Barakat_EVALUATING-CVE-PROGRAMMING_20132.pdf Y2 - 2019/09/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Impact of Transparency and Accountability Initiatives AU - Gaventa, John AU - McGee, Rosemary T2 - Development Policy Review DA - 2013/07// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1111/dpr.12017 DP - CrossRef VL - 31 SP - s3 EP - s28 LA - en SN - 09506764 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/dpr.12017 Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:17:34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Signal Left, Turn Right: Central Rhetoric and Local Reform in China AU - Huang, Haifeng T2 - Political Research Quarterly AB - How have local governments in China been able to break through central policy restrictions in a unitary and authoritarian political system? Why is China's official discourse in the reform era often so conservative and unfavorable to reform? The author argues the two issues are components of a signaling game between China's central government and local officials, in which local officials know that the center may be reformist, but the reformist center imitates the rhetoric of a conservative center to control the pace of local liberalization. The result is a gradualist reform of "signaling left, turning right," with glaring incongruity of speech and actions in the process. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1177/1065912912443874 VL - 66 IS - 2 UR - https://sites.duke.edu/niou/files/2012/04/huanghai-feng-2012-Signal-Left-Turn-Right-SSRN.pdf Y2 - 2018/02/20/00:00:00 ER - TY - CONF TI - Design reality gap issues within an ICT4D project: an assessment of Jigawa State Community Computer Center AU - Kanya, Rislana Abdulazeez AU - Good, Alice T2 - Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD2013) AB - This paper evaluates the Jigawa State Government Community Computer centre project using the design reality gap framework. The purpose of this was to analyse the shortfall between design expectations and implementation realities, in order to find out the current situation of the project. Furthermore to analyse whether it would meet the key stakeholder’s expectation. The Majority of Government ICT Projects is classified as either failure or partial failure. Our research will underpin a case study of Jigawa State Community Computer centre project. To support our argument we conducted a qualitative case study in which we conducted two interviews, and a survey to find out the current status of the project. Our findings indicated that the project can be classified as a partial failure because few of the centres, operating in some areas of the community, offered socio-economic advancement. Our results also indicated that the project design reality gap is quite significant. This gap occurred due to poor planning and implementation of the project. Our research reveals several challenges that could impact upon the successfulness of the project provide a foundation for further research and add to existing literature. The challenges associated with the project we identify include poor state of power supply, lack of community engagement during the project planning and implementation, lack of commitment from the Local Government Administration. Our research has potential in adding ICT4D literature, reveals how ICT4D project evaluation can be carried out using design reality gap framework and provides guideline for policy makers. C1 - Cape Town DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - eprints.port.ac.uk ST - Design reality gap issues within an ICT4D project UR - http://eprints.port.ac.uk/15321/ Y2 - 2016/05/09/13:20:37 ER - TY - THES TI - Managing Upward and Downward Accountability in an International Development Project - A Case Study of a World Bank Telecommunications Infrastructure Project in Benin AU - Kolker, Eva AU - Kulldorff, Catharina DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 PB - Master's Thesis, Stockholm School of Economics UR - http://arc.hhs.se/download.aspx?MediumId=2093 Y2 - 2017/06/08/17:32:03 KW - Downward accountability KW - Upward accountability ER - TY - CONF TI - Definitions of Agile Software Development and Agility AU - Laanti, Maarit AU - Similä, Jouni AU - Abrahamsson, Pekka A2 - McCaffery, Fergal A2 - O’Connor, Rory V. A2 - Messnarz, Richard T3 - Communications in Computer and Information Science AB - The Agile Manifesto and Agile Principles are typically referred to as the definitions of "agile" and "agility". However, many other definitions exist in the literature. Thus the different definitions provide interesting source for research. For each definition we examine where their emphasis is and compare that to the emphases found in the Agile Principles. C1 - Berlin, Heidelberg C3 - Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-39179-8_22 DP - Springer Link SP - 247 EP - 258 LA - en PB - Springer SN - 978-3-642-39179-8 ER - TY - RPRT TI - In the goldfish bowl: science and technology policy dialogues in a digital world AU - Latta, Susie AU - Mulcare, Charlotte AU - Zacharzewski, Anthony DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 PB - Sciencewise UR - http://www.sciencewise-erc.org.uk/cms/in-the-goldfish-bowl-science-and-technology-policy-dialogues-in-a-digital-world/ Y2 - 2013/06/26/18:28:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Real Time Monitoring and the New Information Technologies AU - Lucas, Henry AU - Batchelor, Simon AU - Berdou, Evangelia T2 - IDS Bulletin AB - Debates as to the potential role of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in monitoring the wellbeing of vulnerable groups is often bedevilled by the failure of two principal actors – social researchers and technical experts – to address the other’s concerns or even to use language that is comprehensible to the other side. The aim here is to unpick some of the technical language relevant in this context and provide a brief introductory guide to some aspects of the current, rapidly changing and highly diverse ICT environment. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1111/1759-5436.12014 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 31 EP - 39 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Localizing Development : Does Participation Work? AU - Mansuri, Ghazala AU - Rao, Vijayendra AB - The Policy Research Report Localizing Development: Does Participation Work? brings analytical rigor to a field that has been the subject of intense debate and advocacy, and billions of dollars in development aid. It briefly reviews the history of participatory development and argues that its two modalities, community-based development and local decentralization, should be treated under the broader unifying umbrella of local development. It suggests that a distinction between organic participation (endogenous efforts by civic activists to bring about change) and induced participation (large-scale efforts to engineer participation at the local level via projects) is key, and focuses on the challenges of inducing participation. The report provides a conceptual framework for thinking about participatory development and then uses this framework to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature. The framework develops the concept of “civil society failure” and explains its interaction with government and market failures. It argues that participatory development, which is often viewed as a mechanism for bypassing market and government failures by ”harnessing” civic capacity, ought to be seen instead as a mechanism that, if done right, could help to repair important civil society failures. It distills literature from anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science to outline the challenges for effective policy in this area, looking at issues such as the uncertainty of trajectories of change, the importance of context, the role of elite capture and control, the challenge of collective action, and the role of the state. The review of the evidence looks at a variety of issues: the impact of participatory projects on inclusion, civic capacity, and social cohesion; on key development outcomes, such as income, poverty, and inequality; on public service delivery; and on the quality of local public goods. It draws on the evidence to suggest several recommendations for policy, emphasizing the key role of learning-by-doing. It then reviews participatory projects funded by the World Bank and finds the majority lacking in several arenas – particularly in paying attention to context and in creating effective monitoring and evaluation systems that allow for learning. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - openknowledge.worldbank.org LA - en_US PB - Washington, DC: World Bank SN - 978-0-8213-8256-1 ST - Localizing Development UR - https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11859 Y2 - 2016/04/04/09:05:02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mapping Context for Social Accountability: A resource paper AU - O'Meally, Sion C. CY - Washington, DC DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 PB - The World Bank UR - blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/it-time-new-paradigm-citizen-engagement-role-context-and-what-evidence-tells-us Y2 - 2013/08/09/19:09:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - DAC Peer Review of Switzerland - 2013 AU - OECD DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Crossref LA - en PB - OECD UR - https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/dac-peer-review-of-switzerland_journal_dev-10-5km7jvnl3rxs Y2 - 2019/03/06/13:11:21 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Guide to Evaluating Participatory Processes - Practical guide AU - Parés, Marc AB - Guide to Evaluating Participatory Processes - Practical guide DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - www.academia.edu UR - http://www.academia.edu/3890167/Guide_to_Evaluating_Participatory_Processes_-_Practical_guide Y2 - 2013/07/20/17:49:30 KW - Academia KW - Biology KW - Computer Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Geography KW - History KW - Law KW - Math KW - Medicine KW - Philosophy KW - Physics KW - Political science KW - Psychology KW - Religion KW - Research KW - economics KW - universities ER - TY - RPRT TI - Power Analysis: A Practical Guide AU - Pettit, Jethro DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Zotero SP - 56 LA - en PB - Sida ER - TY - BOOK TI - Utilization focused evaluation: a primer for evaluators AU - Ramirez, Ricardo AU - Brodhead, Dal AB - Ramírez, R., & Brodhead, D. (2013). Utilization focused evaluation: A primer for evaluators. Penang, Malaysia: Southbound. Retrieved from http://evaluationinpractice.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/ufeenglishprimer... This book, authored by Ricardo Ramírez and Dal Brodhead, is designed to support evaluators and program managers implement Utilization-focused evaluation (UFE). It includes detailed discussion of the 12 steps for implementing UFE and also provides a number of case studies to guide the user. Excerpt "Throughout this Primer we refer to the value of having a mentor to assist an evaluator who is using UFE for the first time. Our collective experiences with UFE indicated having a mentor was, for many UFE participants, an essential support and it reflects how we learned and mentored UFE. Evaluators may use elements of a UFE in their work naturally, for example by engaging users in planning the process or in assisting them in the utilization of findings. This Primer, however, walks the reader through UFE by systematically covering all of the 12 steps. It reflects deeply on the UFE evaluation practice and builds from it." (Ramírez & Brodhead 2013) Contents What is Utilization Focused Evaluation? 1 The UFE Framework Summarized in Steps 3 The DECI Project 6 The UFE Steps Illustrated with Project Examples 9 Step 1 Assessing Program Readiness 10 Step 2 Assessing Evaluators’ Readiness 18 Step 3 Identifying Primary Intended Users 24 Step 4 Situational Analysis 31 Step 5 Identification of Primary Intended Users 38 Step 6 Focusing the Evaluation 44 Step 7 Evaluation Design 54 Step 8 Simulation of Use 58 Step 9 Data Collection 62 Step 10 Data Analysis 65 Step 11 Facilitation of Use 68 Step 12 Meta Evaluation 72 Summary About What Each Step Entails 76 What Benefit Does UFE Bring to Commissioners of Evaluation? 81 Take Away Lessons 83 Postscript 87 The UFE Checklist 89 Case Studies 103 Recommended Reading 110 CY - Penang, Malaysia DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Open WorldCat SP - 132 LA - English PB - Southbound SN - 978-983-9054-61-3 ST - Utilization focused evaluation UR - https://evaluationinpractice.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/ufeenglishprimer.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doing the Transparent State: open government data as performance indicators AU - Ruppert, Evelyn AU - others T2 - A World of Indicators: The production of knowledge and justice in an interconnected world DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Google Scholar SP - 51 EP - 78 ST - Doing the Transparent State UR - https://research.gold.ac.uk/13490/1/Ruppert2015.pdf Y2 - 2016/07/21/13:27:21 ER - TY - VIDEO TI - Miradi Measures Dashboard Demo AU - Salzer, D AB - Live demonstration (view in HD) of a new online measures dashboard site (http://miradi.sitkatech.com) that allows users of the Miradi Adaptive Management software (http://miradi.org) to share the progress they are making towards achieving their desired results DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2nrZDvVBxE ER - TY - CHAP TI - Perspectives on Participation in Design AU - Sanders, Elizabeth T2 - Wer gestaltet die Gestaltung? Praxis, Theorie und Geschichte des partizipatorischen Designs A2 - Mareis, Claudia A2 - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Design-Theorie und -Forschung A2 - Hochschule für Gestaltung T3 - Design CY - Bielefeld DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN LA - ger PB - transcript SN - 978-3-8376-2038-2 978-3-8394-2038-6 SV - 2 KW - Design ER - TY - BOOK TI - Routledge international handbook of participatory design AU - Simonsen, Jesper AU - Robertson, Toni AB - "Participatory Design is about the direct involvement of people in the co-design of the technologies they use. Its central concern is how collaborative design processes can be driven by the participation of the people affected by the technology designed. Embracing a diverse collection of principles and practices aimed at making technologies, tools, environments, businesses, and social institutions more responsive to human needs, the International Handbook of Participatory Design is a state-of-the-art reference handbook for the subject. The Handbook brings together a multidisciplinary and international group of highly recognized and experienced experts to present an authoritative overview of the field and its history and discuss contributions and challenges of the pivotal issues in Participatory Design, including heritage, ethics, ethnography, methods, tools and techniques and community involvement. The book also highlights three large-scale case studies which show how Participatory Design has been used to bring about outstanding changes in different organisations. The book shows why Participatory Design is an important, highly relevant and rewarding area for research and practice. It will be an invaluable resource for students, researchers, scholars and professionals in Participatory Design"-- CY - New York DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Routledge SN - 978-0-415-69440-7 978-0-203-10854-3 978-1-136-26619-5 978-0-415-72021-2 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Chris Argyris: theories of action, double-loop learning and organizational learning AU - Smith, Mark K. AB - Chris Argyris: theories of action, double-loop learning and organizational learning. The work of Chris Argyris (1923-2013) has influenced thinking about the relationship of people and organizations… DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 PB - The encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education ST - Chris Argyris UR - http://infed.org/mobi/chris-argyris-theories-of-action-double-loop-learning-and-organizational-learning/ Y2 - 2016/10/09/18:48:41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Outcome mapping for health system integration AU - Tsasis, Peter AU - Evans, Jenna AU - Forrest, David AU - Jones, Richard Keith T2 - Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare AB - Health systems around the world are implementing integrated care strategies to improve quality, reduce or maintain costs, and improve the patient experience. Yet few practical tools exist to aid leaders and managers in building the prerequisites to integrated care, namely a shared vision, clear roles and responsibilities, and a common understanding of how the vision will be realized. Outcome mapping may facilitate stakeholder alignment on the vision, roles, and processes of integrated care delivery via participative and focused dialogue among diverse stakeholders on desired outcomes and enabling actions. In this paper, we describe an outcome-mapping exercise we conducted at a Local Health Integration Network in Ontario, Canada, using consensus development conferences. Our preliminary findings suggest that outcome mapping may help stakeholders make sense of a complex system and foster collaborative capital, a resource that can support information sharing, trust, and coordinated change toward integration across organizational and professional boundaries. Drawing from the theoretical perspectives of complex adaptive systems and collaborative capital, we also outline recommendations for future outcome-mapping exercises. In particular, we emphasize the potential for outcome mapping to be used as a tool not only for identifying and linking strategic outcomes and actions, but also for studying the boundaries, gaps, and ties that characterize social networks across the continuum of care. DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DO - 10.2147/JMDH.S41575 VL - 6 SP - 99 EP - 107 LA - en SN - 1178-2390 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603332/ Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cherry-Picked Intelligence. The Weapons of Mass Destruction Dispositive as a Legitimation for National Security in the Post 9/11 Age AU - van der Heide, Liesbeth T2 - Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung AB - »Geheimdienste mit Scheuklappen: Das Dispositiv der Massenvernichtungswaffen als Legitimation für Nationale Sicherheit nach 9/11«. The claim that Iraq possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) led to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 by the US army. For the George W. Bush administration, the likely presence of WMD in Iraq was the major justification for going to war. However, Bush' opponents suspected he used the WMD-dispositive as a legitimation for an invasion that was already set in motion for different reasons. The Iraq invasion and the underlying ideas about the presence of WMD thus provide a tangible case for the analysis of theories of conspiracy and security. The development of the WMD-dispositive will be contextualized using the toolkit of securitization theory. The article explores the notions of security and conspiracy that were used to build the dispositive and shows how it ultimately failed and turned into a counter-narrative in which the Bush administration itself became the Great Conspirator. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 VL - 38 IS - 1 (143) SP - 286 EP - 307 SN - 01726404 UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/23644501 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding ‘the users’ in Technology for Transparency and Accountability Initiatives AU - Wanjiku Kelbert, Alexandra AU - McGee, Rosemary AU - Carlitz, Ruth DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Google Scholar UR - http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3133 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Time to Listen: Hearing People on the Receiving End of International Aid AU - Anderson, Mary B. AU - Brown, Dayna AU - Jean, Isabella AB - Does the way international assistance is organized make sense? Is it working as we mean it to? This book approaches these questions through the experiences of people living on the receiving side of international assistance. It reports on the ideas, insights, and analyses of almost 6,000 people across 20 countries where international aid has been provided. From such a range of locations and people, one might expect vastly different ideas and opinions. However, remarkably consistent patterns and common judgments emerged. In the midst of difference, there was striking unanimity and consistency about the processes and the effects of the international aid system. Using their words, their experiences, and their ideas, this book describes why the cumulative impacts of international aid efforts have not met expectations. It describes a way forward to make changes that, according to those on the receiving end, will lead to more effective and lasting results. CY - Cambridge, MA DA - 2012/12/12/ PY - 2012 DP - Amazon SP - 184 LA - English PB - CDA Collaborative Learning Projects SN - 978-0-9882544-1-1 ST - Time to Listen ER - TY - RPRT TI - An inventory and review of countering violent extremism and insurgency monitoring systems AU - Carter, Lynn AU - Phyllis, Dinino CY - Washington DC DA - 2012/12/10/ PY - 2012 SP - 92 PB - USAID UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JSKQ.pdf Y2 - 2019/09/17/00:00:00 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Making All Voices Count: A Slam Dunk? AU - Global Integrity T2 - Global Integrity AB - Yesterday, I had the chance to attend the public launch of a new government transparency and accountability funding mechanism – Making All Voices Count. Held at USAID headquarters, the discussion featured a veritable who’s who of open government and transparency practitioners in the Washington area; probably 250 people were packed into the room. (Announcing a … DA - 2012/12/06/T16:02:56+00:00 PY - 2012 LA - en-US ST - Making All Voices Count UR - https://www.globalintegrity.org/2012/12/06/mavc-slam-dunk/ Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:18:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement AU - Gaventa, John AU - Barrett, Gregory T2 - World Development AB - Summary Despite the normative beliefs that underpin the concept of participation, its impact on improved democratic, and developmental outcomes has proven difficult to assess. Using a meta-case study analysis of a sample of 100 cases, we inductively create a typology of four democratic and developmental outcomes, including (a) the construction of citizenship, (b) the strengthening of practices of participation, (c) the strengthening of responsive and accountable states, and (d) the development of inclusive and cohesive societies. We find that citizen participation produces positive effects across these outcome types, though in each category there are also important types of negative outcomes as well. DA - 2012/12// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.014 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 40 IS - 12 SP - 2399 EP - 2410 J2 - World Development SN - 0305-750X UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X12001246 Y2 - 2016/04/21/10:17:01 KW - Citizen engagement KW - Citizenship KW - Development outcomes KW - Participation KW - democratic outcomes KW - meta-analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Narrowing the climate information usability gap AU - Lemos, Maria Carmen AU - Kirchhoff, Christine J. AU - Ramprasad, Vijay T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - Climate-change-related risks pose serious threats to the management of a wide range of social, economic and ecological systems. Managing these risks requires knowledge-intensive adaptive management and policy-making actively informed by scientific knowledge, especially climate science1. However, potentially useful climate information often goes unused1,2. This suggests a gap between what scientists understand as useful information and what users recognize as usable in their decision-making. We propose a dynamic conceptual model to address this gap and highlight strategies to move information from useful to usable to reduce climate-related risks. DA - 2012/11// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1038/nclimate1614 DP - www-nature-com.ezproxy.sussex.ac.uk VL - 2 IS - 11 SP - 789 EP - 794 LA - en SN - 1758-6798 UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1614 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:36:56 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Buzzing Communities: How to build bigger, better, and more active online communities AU - Millington, Richard AB - How to Build Bigger, Better, and More Active Online CommunitiesBuzzing Communities cuts through the fluff to offer a clear process for creating thriving online communities. This book combines a century of proven science, dozens of real-life examples, practical tips, and trusted community-building methods. This step-by-step guide includes a lifecycle for tracking your progress and a framework for managing your organization's community efforts. This Book Will Help You to Understand what the members of your community really want. Dramatically increase the number of newcomers that become regulars. Avoid the mistakes most organizations make when they try to build online communities. Develop a fantastic, user-friendly website for your members. Grow your online community to critical mass and beyond Keep members engaged and active in your community. Measure the community's return on investment and explain the benefits to your organization. DA - 2012/10/27/ PY - 2012 DP - Amazon SP - 294 LA - English PB - Feverbee ER - TY - JOUR TI - Accounting for a changing and uncertain climate in planning and policymaking today: lessons for developing countries AU - Ranger, Nicola AU - Garbett-Shiels, Su-Lin T2 - Climate and Development AB - Climate change is increasingly altering the pattern of climate-related risks. Developing countries and in particular least developed countries will be among the most severely impacted by climate change. These risks can seem remote in comparison with more immediate threats and needs, but if climate change is not considered upfront in existing planning and policymaking processes today, decision makers risk locking-in future impacts that may prove irreversible or much more costly and difficult to rectify than is necessary. The challenge for planners and policymakers, explored in this paper, is that future climate conditions are deeply uncertain. Decision methods are available to tackle these problems; however, these tend to be data- and resource-intensive and therefore, difficult to routinely apply. Further, a gap in currently available guidance is the explicit link to the adaptation needs of a developing country. We discuss the implications of this development context for the priorities for adaptation and the relative allocation of efforts in adaptation. This paper focuses on the identification of adaptation options and strategies that are robust to the deep uncertainties in future climate risk, culminating in a framework of six building blocks. It takes the perspective of exploring how decisions today might be adjusted to account for uncertain and changing long-term climate risks. We suggest a core principle is to focus on promoting climate-resilient development and increasing long-term adaptive capacity while, crucially, avoiding inflexible decisions that could lock-in future climate risk or foreclose adaptation options. DA - 2012/10/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1080/17565529.2012.732919 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 288 EP - 300 SN - 1756-5529 ST - Accounting for a changing and uncertain climate in planning and policymaking today UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.732919 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:49:48 KW - Adaptation KW - Climate change KW - Development KW - Planning KW - robustness KW - uncertainty ER - TY - RPRT TI - Scaling Agile @ Spotify with Tribes, Squads, Chapters & Guilds AU - Kniberg, Henrik AU - Ivarsson, Anders DA - 2012/10// PY - 2012 PB - Spotify UR - https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1018963/Articles/SpotifyScaling.pdf Y2 - 2016/10/04/20:34:29 ER - TY - RPRT TI - What about the results? Lessons from long-term process support to strengthen results-based management (RBM) for Swedish framework NGOs operating in Western Balkans AU - Ørnemark, Charlotte AB - The observations and lessons outlined in this report should be seen as a contribution to the on-going learning and reflections in a wider debate on how to assess and monitor results from support to CSOs involved in complex social change processes (as opposed to those involved in more ‘classical’ service delivery and more linear development assistance). These lessons, though directly emerging from the consultancy to provide long-term RBM support to the FOs and their local CSO partners in Western Balkans, also draws on previous experiences and similar lessons from on-going initiatives. In brief, these lessons call for a certain ‘paradigm shift’ in the way we (as development professionals) regard and support RBM for actors involved in less tangible social change processes in highly contested political spaces. Some of these shifts, outlined in more detail in different sections of this report, are summarised below:  From a linear, aggregated cause-and-effect thinking around RBM to one that is linked to human factors and is embedded in systems,  From pushing the burden of reporting down in the system to a clearer division of labour between donors, recipient governments, intermediary agents like framework NGOs (FOs) and implementing CSOs with each actor using its comparative advantage and appropriate role in the RBM process and for its own learning,  From operating in programming and results frameworks where outcomes and impact are largely assumed to be predictable to setting up systems that deal with uncertainty and that capture emerging result patterns through tracking of gradual changes,  From a project/programme perspective to a focus on institutions and systems as actors and arenas for change, where organisations are enabled to act as change agents towards clearly identified processes of social transformation,  From SMART to REAL results frameworks – although SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound) principles are always good to keep in mind for the formulation of goals and indicators, the danger of coming up with fictive measuring frameworks calls for a more systematic incorporation of ‘real’ concerns, including making RBM processes rights-based, embedded in local realities (and empowering for those involved), aligned to national reform efforts and national and international human rights commitments, and learning-oriented for all different levels of operations. DA - 2012/09// PY - 2012 PB - NCG ER - TY - VIDEO TI - 10 years of Outcome Mapping AU - Smith, R AU - Mauremootoo, John AU - Ambrose, K. AU - Hearn, Simon AB - This webinar from the Outcome Mapping Learning Community (OMLC) presents the key findings from research conducted into the extent of Outcome Mapping use and the support required for its implementation. C5 - Vimeo Video DA - 2012/09// PY - 2012 UR - https://vimeo.com/channels/outcomemapping Y2 - 2018/10/18/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Escaping Capability Traps through Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) AU - Andrews, Matt AU - Pritchett, Lant AU - Woolcock, Michael T2 - HKS Working Paper DA - 2012/08// PY - 2012 PB - Harvard University SN - RWP12-036 UR - http://ssrn.com/abstract=2700308 Y2 - 2017/04/18/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BLOG TI - Complexity, Adaptation, and Results AU - Barder, Owen AU - Ramalingam, Ben T2 - Center For Global Development AB - In the last of a series of three blog posts looking at the implications of complexity theory for development, Owen Barder and Ben Ramalingam look at the implications of complexity for the trend towards results-based management in development cooperation. They argue that is a common mistake to see a contradiction between recognising complexity and focusing on results: on the contrary, complexity provides a powerful reason for pursuing the results agenda, but it has to be done in ways which reflect the context. In the 2012 Kapuscinski lecture Owen argued that economic and political systems can best be thought of as complex adaptive systems, and that development should be understood as an emergent property of those systems. As explained in detail in Ben’s forthcoming book, these interactive systems are made up of adaptive actors, whose actions are a self-organised search for fitness on a shifting landscape. Systems like this undergo change in dynamic, non-linear ways; characterised by explosive surprises and tipping points as well as periods of relative stability. If development arises from the interactions of a dynamic and unpredictable system, you might draw the conclusion that it makes no sense to try to assess or measure the results of particular development interventions. That would be the wrong conclusion to reach. While the complexity of development implies a different way of thinking about evaluation, accountability and results, it also means that the ‘results agenda’ is more important than ever. DA - 2012/07/09/ PY - 2012 UR - http://www.cgdev.org/blog/complexity-adaptation-and-results Y2 - 2017/04/07/00:00:00 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - CONF TI - Desired and unwanted: Policy work by participation practitioners AU - Escobar, Óliver T2 - XXII World Congress of Political Science: ‘Reordering Power, Shifting Boundaries’ AB - "This paper presents findings from doctoral research in a Scottish Local Authority Area, where I am developing an interpretive ethnography of ‘the work of participation’ (cf. Colebatch, 2005c, 2006). My focus is on engagement practitioners: C1 - Madrid DA - 2012/07/08/12 PY - 2012 ST - Desired and unwanted UR - http://www.academia.edu/1836480/Desired_and_unwanted_Policy_work_by_participation_practitioners Y2 - 2013/07/23/12:47:18 KW - Academia KW - Biology KW - Computer Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Geography KW - History KW - Law KW - Math KW - Medicine KW - Philosophy KW - Physics KW - Political science KW - Psychology KW - Religion KW - Research KW - economics KW - universities ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Art of Community: Building the New Age of Participation AU - Bacon, Jono AB - Online communities provide a wide range of opportunities for supporting a cause, marketing a product or service, or building open source software. The Art of Community helps you recruit members, motivate them, and manage them as active participants. Author Jono Bacon offers experiences and observations from his 14-year effort to build and manage communities, including his current position as manager for Ubuntu.Discover how your community can become a reliable support network, a valuable source of new ideas, and a powerful marketing force. This expanded edition shows you how to keep community projects on track, make use of social media, and organize collaborative events. Interviews with 12 community management leaders, including Linus Torvalds, Tim O’Reilly, and Mike Shinoda, provide useful insights.Develop specific objectives and goals for building your communityBuild processes to help contributors perform tasks, work together, and share successesProvide tools and infrastructure that enable members to work quicklyCreate buzz around your community to get more people involvedHarness social media to broadcast information, collaborate, and get feedbackUse several techniques to track progress on community goalsIdentify and manage conflict, such as dealing with divisive personalities CY - Sebastopol, CA DA - 2012/06/02/ PY - 2012 DP - Amazon SP - 576 LA - English PB - O'Reilly Media SN - 978-1-4493-1206-0 ST - The Art of Community UR - http://artofcommunityonline.org/Art_of_Community_Second_Edition.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/19/00:00:00 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - The Implications of Complexity for Development A2 - Barder, Owen AB - In this lecture, adapted from his May 2012 Kapuściński Lecture, Owen Barder explores the implications of complexity theory for development policy. He explains how traditional economic models have tried and failed to understand why some countries have managed to improve living standards while other countries have not. DA - 2012/05// PY - 2012 LA - en UR - https://www.cgdev.org/media/implications-complexity-development-owen-barder Y2 - 2018/02/14/16:49:55 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - Agile Project Management For Dummies AU - Layton, Mark C. AB - Be flexible and faster with Agile project management As mobile and web technologies continue to evolve rapidly, there is added pressure to develop and implement software projects in weeks instead of months. Agile Project Management For Dummies can make that happen. This is the first book to provide a simple, step–by–step guide to Agile Project Management approaches, tools, and techniques. With the fast pace of mobile and web technology development, software project development must keep pace; Agile Project Management enables developers to complete and implement projects more quickly and this book shows you how. Offers a practical context for understanding and applying Agile techniques, moving from theory into actual practice Explains when to use Agile and how to avoid common pitfalls Written by experts who know how to apply the principles in real–world situations Agile Project Management For Dummies enables you to understand and apply Agile principles for faster, more accurate development. CY - Hoboken, NJ DA - 2012/04/20/ PY - 2012 DP - Amazon SP - 360 LA - English PB - John Wiley & Sons SN - 978-1-118-02624-3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Triangulation, Respondent Validation, and Democratic Participation in Mixed Methods Research AU - Torrance, Harry T2 - Journal of Mixed Methods Research AB - Over the past 10 years or so the “Field” of “Mixed Methods Research” (MMR) has increasingly been exerting itself as something separate, novel, and significant, with some advocates claiming paradigmatic status. Triangulation is an important component of mixed methods designs. Triangulation has its origins in attempts to validate research findings by generating and comparing different sorts of data, and different respondents’ perspectives, on the topic under investigation. Respondent validation has sometimes been included in such processes, but it is an element that has not attracted significant attention from the MMR community. The article argues that attention to respondent validation is a significant issue for methodological debate and that it should be an important aspect of the development of democratic participation in MMR. DA - 2012/04/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1177/1558689812437185 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 111 EP - 123 J2 - Journal of Mixed Methods Research LA - en SN - 1558-6898 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689812437185 Y2 - 2017/02/23/12:43:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Budgeting for Developmental Evaluation: An Interview with Michael Quinn Patton AU - Better Evaluation DA - 2012/04// PY - 2012 SP - 2 UR - https://www.betterevaluation.org/sites/default/files/Budgeting_for_Developmental_Evaluation.pdf Y2 - 2023/03/28/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Review of the use of ‘Theory of Change’ in International development AU - Vogel, Isabel AB - A new report on Theory of Change (ToC) and its use in International development has just been produced. DA - 2012/04// PY - 2012 PB - DFID ST - DFID research UR - https://www.gov.uk/government/news/dfid-research-review-of-the-use-of-theory-of-change-in-international-development Y2 - 2016/03/24/16:58:26 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Adapt: Why Success Always Starts with Failure AU - Harford, Tim AB - Everything we know about solving the world's problems is wrong. Out: Plans, experts and above all, leaders. In: Adapting - improvise rather than plan; fail, learn, and try againIn this groundbreaking new book, Tim Harford shows how the world's most complex and important problems - including terrorism, climate change, poverty, innovation, and the financial crisis - can only be solved from the bottom up by rapid experimenting and adapting.From a spaceport in the Mojave Desert to the street battles of Iraq, from a blazing offshore drilling rig to everyday decisions in our business and personal lives, this is a handbook for surviving - and prospering - in our complex and ever-shifting world. CY - London DA - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DP - Amazon SP - 320 LA - English PB - Abacus SN - 978-0-349-12151-2 ST - Adapt UR - https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B004XCFJ4S ER - TY - JOUR TI - Collaborative geomatics and the Mushkegowuk Cree First Nations: Fostering adaptive capacity for community-based sub-arctic natural resource management AU - McCarthy, Daniel D. P. AU - Whitelaw, Graham S. AU - Anderson, Scott AU - Cowan, Donald AU - McGarry, Fred AU - Robins, Anthony AU - Gardner, Holly L. AU - Barbeau, Christine D. AU - Charania, Nadia A. AU - General, Zachariah AU - Liedtke, Jeff AU - Sutherland, Celine AU - Alencar, Paulo AU - Tsuji, Leonard J. S. T2 - Geoforum T3 - SI - Party Politics, the Poor and the City: reflections from South Africa AB - The remote First Nation (FN) communities of the Mushkegowuk Territory on the west coast of James Bay, Ontario, Canada are currently facing increased development pressures and the imposition of a government land use planning process. The land use planning process is mandated in the Far North Act (received Royal Assent on September 23, 2010). There is a need for capacity enhancement for community-based natural resource planning and management in the Territory. A number of frameworks are emerging for addressing change brought on by resource development and building resilience to such change at the community level. Among these include the concept of adaptive capacity. In collaboration with FN community leaders, we explored the use of “collaborative geomatics” tools to foster adaptive capacity. Our action research suggests that collaborative geomatics technologies should enhance the Mushkegowuk First Nations’ adaptive capacity to address environmental and policy change by allowing them to collect and manage data collaboratively (e.g., traditional environmental knowledge, western science) to create opportunities for innovative community development, including natural resource development and management. DA - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.07.015 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 305 EP - 314 J2 - Geoforum SN - 0016-7185 ST - Collaborative geomatics and the Mushkegowuk Cree First Nations UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718511001503 Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:13:47 KW - Adaptive capacity KW - Collaborative geomatics KW - Community development KW - Cree communities KW - Land use plans ER - TY - BOOK TI - A guide to Social Return on Investment AU - Nicholls, Jeremy AU - Lawlor, Eilis AU - Neitzert, Eva AU - Goodspeed, Tim AB - There is increasing recognition that we need better ways to account for the social, economic and environmental value that results from our activities. The language varies – ‘impact’, ‘returns’, ‘benefit’, ‘value’ – but the questions around what sort of difference and how much of a difference we are making are the same. Understanding and managing this broader value is becoming increasingly important for the public and private sectors alike. This is true whether it is civil society organisations working to create value, Governments commissioning and investing in activities to create social value, investors seeking to ensure that their investments will make a difference, or private businesses recognising both risk and opportunity in the wider effects of operations. All this means that it is also more important that we have some consistency and a shared language when we talk about value. SROI is the application of a set of principles within a framework that is designed to help bring about that consistency, whilst at the same time recognising that what is of value will be very different for different people in different situations and cultures. The first edition of this guide, which itself built on the work of three earlier SROI guides1, was prepared as part of a three year programme on measuring social value funded in 2008 by the then ‘Office of the Third Sector’ based in the Cabinet Office of the UK Government. This was delivered by a consortium of organisations: the SROI Network, nef (the new economics foundation), Charities Evaluation Services, the National Council for Voluntary Organsations and New Philanthropy Capital. In addition to this programme, the Scottish Government also supported the development of SROI, including a database of indicators to support SROI analysis. The work of the SROI Network now stretches across many different countries and continents, and this second edition of the guide reflects that interest. We have though decided to use only one currency symbol, for reasons of clarity and consistency, and so have continued to use £. However, readers will be able to find examples in various currencies and translations of the Guide on our website. For more information on the developments of SROI, please refer to the SROI Network website: www.thesroinetwork.org DA - 2012/03// PY - 2012 PB - The SROI Network UR - https://socialvalueselfassessmenttool.org/wp-content/uploads/intranet/758/pdf-guide.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/09/00:00:00 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Adaptive management in wildlife conservation AU - Organ, John AU - Decker, D.J. AU - McDonald, J.E. AU - Riley, Shawn AU - Mahoney, S.P. T2 - The Wildlife Society Techniques Manual A2 - Silvy, Nova AB - Adaptive management in wildlife conservation emerged from the wildlife profession's search for better solutions to increasingly complex conservation challenges. Adaptive management is an effective process for wildlife managers to employ to (1) deal with uncertainty in the management system, (2) learn from their management actions, and (3) achieve desired results. Being adaptable or flexible in your management approach is not the same as managing adaptively or conducting adaptive management. Adaptive management requires adhering to a stepwise process and fully executing each step. A critical step is rigorous monitoring and assessment of management interventions. Without this, wildlife managers cannot achieve the essence of adaptive management, which is the explicit goal of learning more about the management system after each management action. DA - 2012/01/01/ PY - 2012 SP - 43 EP - 54 PB - Johns Hopkins UP SN - 978-1-4214-0159-1 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Tiny Tools - Measuring Change in Communities and Groups AU - Causemann, Bernward AU - Gohl, Eberhard AU - Brenner, Verena AB - Introduction to the Overview: Tiny Tools Why “Tiny Tools” for assessing change? Currently, change is mostly assessed by NGO staff or external experts. The vision of this paper is that communities assess and reflect change themselves and make use of that reflection with appropriate tools. All the tools presented here are relatively quick and easy to learn (therefore “tiny”). With Tiny Tools we can assess change in one session. They can therefore be used where there are not baselines. They are structured and systematic, and they are all widely tested: Experience shows that these tools lead to new insights, mobilise enthusiasm and increase the capacity of communities to bring about further change. The Tiny Tools are in line with what Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) wanted to achieve. Many are slight variations of PRA tools. For a detailed description of concepts, see the NGO-IDEAs Impact Toolbox (www.ngo-ideas.net/impact_toolbox) and the NGO-IDEAs Manual Self-Effectiveness (www.ngo-ideas.net/monitoring_self_effectiveness). The tools are designed to visualise change, but also enable communities to reflect on the reasons of change or verify assessments. They may be implemented once or continuously over time. We know that the time of community members is precious, and limited. Therefore all Tiny Tools can be performed in a relatively short session, provided facilitators (it could be field staff or project officers) are experienced – and the community knows and trusts them. The amount of time spent on the application of the tools may however be prolonged according to the needs of a community or NGO. All of these tools are easy to learn for a facilitator experienced in participatory processes. Which tool should be introduced to which community? It is typically the decision of a development organisation (or external experts) which tools they want to introduce into a community. The staff need to assess which tool will lead to learning and action. It could also be that the staff realise aspects of change that they do not understand well enough. These tools are good for exploring change that we have not planned for and not anticipated. They are also good for exploring change in a context where we have no prior information. Communities are the best experts for their situation, but we emphasise that the tools should be used in ways that benefit and empower the communities or individuals participating. The tool implementations should lead to consequences on the grassroots as well as the NGO level. All Tiny Tools can be integrated into PIAR, the Analysis tool in the NGO-IDEAs Impact Toolbox. Also, the Tiny Tools can help to prepare for the application of the Toolbox tools. They help to make people aware of changes that can be observed. The following box gives some hints how Tiny Tools relate to the Impact Toolbox tools, and to what extent they help to attribute change to development interventions. CY - Stuttgart DA - 2012/01// PY - 2012 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Impact+ UR - http://www.ngo-ideas.net/tiny_tools/index.html Y2 - 2023/07/14/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Delivering large-scale IT projects on time, on budget, and on value AU - Bloch, Michael AU - Blumberg, Sven AU - Laartz, Jürgen T2 - McKinsey on Business Technology AB - Large IT efforts often cost much more than planned; some can put the whole organization in jeopardy. The companies that defy these odds are the ones that master key dimensions that align IT and business value. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 27 UR - http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/delivering-large-scale-it-projects-on-time-on-budget-and-on-value Y2 - 2017/02/19/09:37:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participatory Systemic Inquiry AU - Burns, Danny AB - This article explores Participatory Systemic Inquiry processes through two examples of practise. The first is about embedding public engagement in UK higher education, the second is about water infrastructure development and local capacity development in small towns situated around Lake Victoria. These examples illustrate why it is necessary to understand the wider systemic dynamics within which issues are situated, and how this helps to identify workable and sustainable solutions to problems. It describes the learning architectures which were constructed to hold the local and thematic inquiries and then to extend them. It also demonstrates the methods which operationalised these processes and explores some of the methodological differences between this approach and other approaches to qualitative and participatory research. DA - 2012/05// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2012.00325.x DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en SN - 1759-5436 UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/7488 Y2 - 2023/11/13/14:57:26 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning in Emergencies AU - Dominique Morel AU - Hagens, Clara CY - Baltimore, USA DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - Catholic Relief Services UR - https://www.crs.org/sites/default/files/tools-research/monitoring-evaluation-accountability-and-learning-in-emergencies.pdf Y2 - 2022/02/24/15:44:19 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Teaming: how organizations learn, innovate, and compete in the knowledge economy AU - Edmondson, Amy C. AB - New breakthrough thinking in organizational learning, leadership, and change Continuous improvement, understanding complex systems, and promoting innovation are all part of the landscape of learning challenges today's companies face. Amy Edmondson shows that organizations thrive, or fail to thrive, based on how well the small groups within those organizations work. In most organizations, the work that produces value for customers is carried out by teams, and increasingly, by flexible team-like entities. The pace of change and the fluidity of most work structures means that it's not really about creating effective teams anymore, but instead about leading effective teaming. Teaming shows that organizations learn when the flexible, fluid collaborations they encompass are able to learn. The problem is teams, and other dynamic groups, don't learn naturally. Edmondson outlines the factors that prevent them from doing so, such as interpersonal fear, irrational beliefs about failure, groupthink, problematic power dynamics, and information hoarding. With Teaming, leaders can shape these factors by encouraging reflection, creating psychological safety, and overcoming defensive interpersonal dynamics that inhibit the sharing of ideas. Further, they can use practical management strategies to help organizations realize the benefits inherent in both success and failure. Presents a clear explanation of practical management concepts for increasing learning capability for business results Introduces a framework that clarifies how learning processes must be altered for different kinds of work Explains how Collaborative Learning works, and gives tips for how to do it well Includes case-study research on Intermountain healthcare, Prudential, GM, Toyota, IDEO, the IRS, and both Cincinnati and Minneapolis Children's Hospitals, among others Based on years of research, this book shows how leaders can make organizational learning happen by building teams that learn. CN - HD66 CY - San Francisco, CA DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 1 PB - Jossey-Bass SN - 978-1-118-21676-7 978-1-118-21674-3 978-1-118-21677-4 ST - Teaming ER - TY - RPRT TI - New communication technologies and citizen-led governance in Africa AU - Gagliardone, Iginio AU - Srinivasan, Sharath AU - Brisset-Foucault, Florence T2 - Discussion Paper DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar SN - 1 UR - https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245112 Y2 - 2016/09/12/15:01:33 ER - TY - BOOK TI - From poverty to power: how active citizens and effective states can change the world AU - Green, Duncan AB - From Poverty to Power From Poverty to Power argues that a radical redistribution of power, opportunities, and assets rather than traditional models of charitable or government aid is required to break the cycle of poverty and inequality. The forces driving this transformation are active citizens and effective states. Published in association with Oxfam GB. Full description DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN ET - Second edition SP - 470 LA - eng SN - 978-1-85339-740-0 978-1-85339-741-7 ST - From poverty to power ER - TY - BOOK TI - Network Weaver Handbook AU - Holley, June CN - 0000 DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Amazon.com PB - Network Weaver ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participatory design with marginalized people in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities experienced in a field study in Cambodia AU - Hussain, Sofia AU - Sanders, Elizabeth B.-N. AU - Steinert, Martin T2 - International Journal of Design DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar VL - 6 IS - 2 ST - Participatory design with marginalized people in developing countries UR - http://search.proquest.com/openview/00023536653de469c50068f340e7c1b8/1?pq-origsite=gscholar Y2 - 2016/09/16/14:17:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Towards excellence: Policy and action research for sustainable development AU - iied CY - London DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 SP - 20 PB - The International Institute for Environment and Development UR - https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G03432.pdf Y2 - 2019/06/26/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Adaptability: the art of winning in an age of uncertainty AU - McKeown, Max CN - BF335 .M395 2012 CY - Philadelphia, PA DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Library of Congress ISBN ET - 1st ed SP - 222 PB - Kogan Page SN - 978-0-7494-6524-7 978-0-7494-6460-8 ST - Adaptability KW - Adaptability (Psychology) KW - Success ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quality Flaws: Issues and Challenges in Software Development AU - Mohan, P. AU - Shankar, A. Udaya AU - JayaSriDevi, K. T2 - Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems AB - A statement “Prevention is better than cure” for illnesses in medical sciences also applies to the software development life cycle in terms of software defects. A defect is a deviation from actual functionality of the application in terms of the correctness and completeness of the specification of the customer requirements. Defective software fails to meet its customer requirements leading to the development of applications with poor quality. Quality is a top priority in every enterprise these days. Organizations struggle in a treadmill race to deliver quality software to stay ahead with new technology, deal with accumulated development backlogs, handle customer issues as software teams work as hard as they can make their organizations stay alive and competitive in the market place. Software companies face an immense pressure to virtually release a bug-free product or a software package. The culture of an organization is a critical success factor in the efforts of process improvement. The paper aims at assessing quality as a function for monitoring and measuring the strength of development processes and any successful application development enterprise requires an unambiguous understanding of customer expectation and maximizing participation of customers in the development activities thereby ensuring that people involved in development activities do the right thing and do the thing right for delivering high quality software . Keywords: Software development, process improvement, software defect, bug-free product, software package DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - iiste.org VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - 40 EP - 48 LA - en SN - 2222-2855 ST - Quality Flaws UR - http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CEIS/article/view/3533 Y2 - 2017/02/07/11:39:25 ER - TY - CHAP TI - 6 Reviewing research evidence AU - NICE T2 - 6. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 LA - eng PB - National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ST - 6 Reviewing research evidence | Developing NICE guidelines UR - https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/reviewing-research-evidence Y2 - 2019/06/26/13:38:41 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences: a guide to qualitative comparative analysis AU - Schneider, Carsten Q. AU - Wagemann, Claudius T2 - Strategies for social inquiry AB - "Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and other set-theoretic methods distinguish themselves from other approaches to the study of social phenomena by using sets and the search for set relations. In virtually all social science fields, statements about social phenomena can be framed in terms of set relations, and using set-theoretic methods to investigate these statements is therefore highly valuable. This book guides readers through the basic principles of set theory and then on to the applied practices of QCA. It provides a thorough understanding of basic and advanced issues in set-theoretic methods together with tricks of the trade, software handling and exercises. Most arguments are introduced using examples from existing research. The use of QCA is increasing rapidly and the application of set-theory is both fruitful and still widely misunderstood in current empirical comparative social research. This book provides an invaluable guide to these methods for researchers across the social sciences"-- CY - Cambrigde DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 350 LA - eng PB - Cambridge Univ. Press SN - 978-1-107-60113-0 978-1-107-01352-0 ST - Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences KW - Comparative method KW - Mathematical models KW - Qualitative Methode KW - Set theory KW - Social science KW - Vergleichende Forschung ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ten years of Outcome Mapping adaptations and support AU - Smith, Richard AU - Mauremootoo, John AU - Rassmann, Kornelia T2 - OM Resources: Key Community Documents AB - An analysis of how and where Outcome Mapping has been applied, how users have experienced OM and the support options available and required for its use. This research was commissioned by the OMLC Stewards. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - Outcome Mapping Learning Community UR - https://www.outcomemapping.ca/resource/ten-years-of-outcome-mapping-adaptations-and-support Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Understanding ‘theory of change’ in international development: A review of existing knowledge AU - Stein, Danielle AU - Valters, Craig AB - This is a review by Danielle Stein and Craig Valters of the concepts and debates within ‘Theory of Change’ (ToC) material, resulting from a search and detailed analysis of available donor, agency and expert guidance documents. The review was undertaken as part of a Justice and Security Research Program (JSRP) and The Asia Foundation (TAF) collaborative project, and focuses on the field of international development. CY - London DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - LSE UR - https://www.theoryofchange.org/wp-content/uploads/toco_library/pdf/UNDERSTANDINGTHEORYOFChangeSteinValtersPN.pdf Y2 - 2019/08/12/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Broadening the range of designs and methods for impact evaluations AU - Stern, Elliot AU - Stame, Nicoletta AU - Mayne, John AU - Forss, Kim AU - Davies, Rick AU - Befani, Barbara CY - London DA - 2012/04// PY - 2012 DP - Crossref LA - en PB - DFID UR - http://repository.fteval.at/id/eprint/126 Y2 - 2018/09/26/10:20:40 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Developmental Evaluation AU - Tamarack Community AB - This webpage from Tamarack Community provides links to audio files of an interview between Mark Cabaj and Michael Patton in which they discuss the topic of development evaluation. This is an "approach that has proven particularly useful and effective at addressing the unique challenges of evaluating the real nature of community change work. Learning Objectives: To deepen appreciation for the role of evaluation and evaluation thinking To explore the distinctions between various types of evaluation To understand more about developmental evaluation and its use To investigate concepts, tools and resources available to support working with developmental evaluation methods" (Tamarack Community) DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 UR - http://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/library/developmental-evaluation-diagnostic-checklist Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Appendix 3. ToC Examples AU - Vogel, Isabel AU - Stephenson, Zoe DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - DFID ST - DFID UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08a66ed915d622c000703/Appendix_3_ToC_Examples.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/15/10:19:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Outcome Harvesting AU - Wilson-Grau, Ricardo AU - Britt, Heather AB - Outcome Harvesting was developed by Ricardo Wilson-Grau with colleagues Barbara Klugman, Claudia Fontes, David Wilson-Sánchez, Fe Briones Garcia, Gabriela Sánchez, Goele Scheers, Heather Britt, Jennifer Vincent, Julie Lafreniere, Juliette Majot, Marcie Mersky, Martha Nuñez, Mary Jane Real, Natalia Ortiz, and Wolfgang Richert. Over the past 8 years, Outcome Harvesting and has been used to monitor and evaluate the achievements of hundreds of networks, non-governmental organizations, research centers, think tanks, and communitybased organizations around the world. This brief is intended to introduce the concepts and approach used in Outcome Harvesting to grant makers, managers, and evaluators, with the hope that it may inspire them to learn more about the method and apply it to appropriate contexts. Thus, it is not a comprehensive guide to or explanation of the method, but an introduction to allow evaluators and decision makers to determine if the method is appropriate for their evaluation needs. Where possible, we have included examples to illustrate how Outcome Harvesting is applied to real situations. For each case story, organizations were asked to provide a description of the outcome and a summary of the role played by the organization. Sometimes they added other information such as the outcome’s significance. Some details and identifiers were redacted for confidentiality purposes. A draft of this brief was graciously commented on by Bob Williams, Fred Carden, Sarah Earl, Richard Hummelbrunner and Terry Smutylo. The final text is, of course, the sole responsibility of the authors and editor. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - Ford Foundation UR - https://usaidlearninglab.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/outome_harvesting_brief_final_2012-05-2-1.pdf Y2 - 2018/09/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social Learning and Natural Resource Management: The Emergence of Three Research Perspectives AU - Rodela, Romina T2 - Ecology and Society AB - Rodela, R. 2011. Social learning and natural resource management: the emergence of three research perspectives. Ecology and Society 16(4): 30. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04554-160430 DA - 2011/12/30/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.5751/ES-04554-160430 DP - www.ecologyandsociety.org VL - 16 IS - 4 LA - en SN - 1708-3087 ST - Social Learning and Natural Resource Management UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss4/art30/ Y2 - 2019/05/03/01:16:33 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lean from the Trenches: Managing Large-Scale Projects with Kanban AU - Kniberg, Henrik AB - You know the Agile and Lean development buzzwords, you've read the books. But when systems need a serious overhaul, you need to see how it works in real life, with real situations and people. Lean from the Trenches is all about actual practice. Every key point is illustrated with a photo or diagram, and anecdotes bring you inside the project as you discover why and how one organization modernized its workplace in record time.Lean from the Trenches is all about actual practice.Find out how the Swedish police combined XP, Scrum, and Kanban in a 60-person project. From start to finish, you'll see how to deliver a successful product using Lean principles. We start with an organization in desperate need of a new way of doing things and finish with a group of sixty, all working in sync to develop a scalable, complex system. You'll walk through the project step by step, from customer engagement, to the daily "cocktail party," version control, bug tracking, and release. In this honest look at what works--and what doesn't--you'll find out how to:Make quality everyone's business, not just the testers.Keep everyone moving in the same direction without micromanagement.Use simple and powerful metrics to aid in planning and process improvement.Balance between low-level feature focus and high-level system focus.You'll be ready to jump into the trenches and streamline your own development process. CY - Dallas, Tex DA - 2011/12/24/ PY - 2011 DP - Amazon ET - 1 edition SP - 176 LA - English PB - Pragmatic Bookshelf SN - 978-1-934356-85-2 ST - Lean from the Trenches ER - TY - ELEC TI - Busan Outcome Document DA - 2011/12/01/ PY - 2011 UR - http://effectivecooperation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/OUTCOME_DOCUMENT_-_FINAL_EN.pdf Y2 - 2016/11/15/15:25:53 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Shifting Power? Assessing the Impact of Transparency and Accountability Initiatives AU - McGee, Rosie AU - Gaventa, John T2 - IDS Working Papers, 383 AB - This paper arises from a review of the impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives which gathered and analysed existing evidence, discussed how it could be improved, and ev... CY - Brighton DA - 2011/11// PY - 2011 PB - IDS ST - Shifting Power? UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/shifting-power-assessing-the-impact-of-transparency-and-accountability-initiatives Y2 - 2016/08/02/10:08:51 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Complexity, Institutions and Public Policy: Agile Decision-making in a Turbulent World AU - Room, Graham AB - Graham Room argues that conventional approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of social and economic change are unsatisfactory. As a result, researchers are ill-equipped to offer policy advice. This book offers a new analytical approach, combining complexity science and institutionalism. It also provides tools for policy makers in turbulent times. Part 1 is concerned with the conceptualization of socio-economic change. It integrates complexity science and institutionalism into a coherent ontology of social and policy dynamics. Part 2 is concerned with models and measurement. It combines some of the principal approaches developed in complexity analysis with models and methods drawn from mainstream social and political science. Part 3 offers empirical applications to public policy: the dynamics of social exclusion; the social dimension of knowledge economies; the current financial and economic crisis. These are supplemented by a toolkit for the practice of 'agile policy making'. This is a stimulating, provocative and highly original book. It will appeal to academics and students in social and policy studies and to a wide range of scholars in other disciplines where complexity science is already well-developed. It will also be of major interest for decision makers coping with complex and turbulent policy terrains.Contents: Preface 1. Introduction Part I: Concepts 2. The Complexity Paradigm 3. Complex Adaptive Systems 4. The Economy as a Complex Adaptive System 5. Institutional Settings and Architectures 6. Institutional Dynamics 7. The Struggle for Positional Advantage 8. Conceptualising Social Dynamics Part II: Methods 9. Attractors and Orbits in Dynamic Systems 10. Patterns in Time and Space 11. Connections and Networks 12. Mobility on Social Landscapes 13. Towards a Generic Methodology Part III: Policies 14. Agile Policy-Making 15. Poverty and Social Exclusion 16. Social Dynamics of the Knowledge Economy 17. Global Turbulence and Crisis Postscript: Tools for Policy-Makers References Index CY - Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, Mass. DA - 2011/09/29/ PY - 2011 DP - Amazon SP - 392 LA - English PB - Edward Elgar Pub SN - 978-0-85793-263-1 ST - Complexity, Institutions and Public Policy ER - TY - MGZN TI - Why your IT project may be riskier than you think AU - Flyvbjerg, Bent AU - Budzier, Alexander T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - New research shows surprisingly high numbers of out-of-control tech projects—ones that can sink entire companies and careers. DA - 2011/09/01/ PY - 2011 UR - https://hbr.org/2011/09/why-your-it-project-may-be-riskier-than-you-think Y2 - 2017/02/18/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Essentials of Utilization-Focused Evaluation AU - Patton, Michael Quinn AB - Based on Michael Quinn Patton's best-selling Utilization-Focused Evaluation, this briefer book provides an overall framework and essential checklist steps for designing and conducting evaluations that actually get used. The new material and innovative graphics present the utilization-focused evaluation process as a complex adaptive system, incorporating current understandings about systems thinking and complexity concepts. The book integrates theory and practice, is based on both research and professional experience, and offers new case examples and cartoons with Patton's signature humor. DA - 2011/08/22/ PY - 2011 DP - Google Books SP - 489 LA - en PB - SAGE Publications SN - 978-1-4833-0697-1 KW - Reference / Research KW - Research ER - TY - CONF TI - Virtuous cycles of learning: Redesigning testing during the digital revolution AU - Dawson, Theo AU - Stein, Zachary T2 - International School on Mind, Brain, and Education AB - This paper explores positive new directions for the future of educational testing by examining trends at the interface of the learning sciences and advances in educational technologies. A brief history of the relation between testing and technology sets the stage for a look at emerging “edu-tech” trends and what these might mean for the future of testing. This historical-critical look at past and present testing practices reveals that the learning sciences have been less influential in shaping the growth of testing infrastructures than cumulative advances in technology that have enabled large-scale standardization and automation. We argue that during the current “digital revolution” the learning sciences ought to assume more responsibility for shaping the adoption of new testing technologies. We propose a set of principles that, if followed, would move tomorrow’s testing infrastructures toward learning-centric design. Combining the affordances of new digital technologies with advances in our understanding of learning make it possible to build tests that promote multi-level learning in educational systems, catalyzing virtuous cycles of learning for everyone they affect—students, teachers, school leaders, policy makers, and researchers. The DiscoTest™ Initiative is presented as a reform effort that is guided by these design principles, serving as an example of positive new possibilities for testing at the interface of the learning sciences and new educational technologies. C1 - Sicily DA - 2011/08/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.13140/2.1.2448.5121 DP - ResearchGate ST - Virtuous cycles of learning UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266022255_Virtuous_cycles_of_learning_Redesigning_testing_during_the_digital_revolution Y2 - 2023/11/20/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning about New Technologies and the Changing Evidence Base for Social Science Research and Decision Making in International Development AU - Berdou, Evangelia T2 - IDS Practice Paper in Brief DA - 2011/07// PY - 2011 PB - IDS SN - 4 UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/learning-about-new-technologies-and-the-changing-evidence-base-for-social-science-research-and-decision-making-in-international-development Y2 - 2016/04/03/11:04:14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Putting vulnerability to climate change on the map: a review of approaches, benefits, and risks AU - Preston, Benjamin L. AU - Yuen, Emma J. AU - Westaway, Richard M. T2 - Sustainability Science; Dordrecht AB - There is growing demand among stakeholders across public and private institutions for spatially-explicit information regarding vulnerability to climate change at the local scale. However, the challenges associated with mapping the geography of climate change vulnerability are non-trivial, both conceptually and technically, suggesting the need for more critical evaluation of this practice. Here, we review climate change vulnerability mapping in the context of four key questions that are fundamental to assessment design. First, what are the goals of the assessment? A review of published assessments yields a range of objective statements that emphasize problem orientation or decision-making about adaptation actions. Second, how is the assessment of vulnerability framed? Assessments vary with respect to what values are assessed (vulnerability of what) and the underlying determinants of vulnerability that are considered (vulnerability to what). The selected frame ultimately influences perceptions of the primary driving forces of vulnerability as well as preferences regarding management alternatives. Third, what are the technical methods by which an assessment is conducted? The integration of vulnerability determinants into a common map remains an emergent and subjective practice associated with a number of methodological challenges. Fourth, who participates in the assessment and how will it be used to facilitate change? Assessments are often conducted under the auspices of benefiting stakeholders, yet many lack direct engagement with stakeholders. Each of these questions is reviewed in turn by drawing on an illustrative set of 45 vulnerability mapping studies appearing in the literature. A number of pathways for placing vulnerability mapping on a more robust footing are also identified. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] DA - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s11625-011-0129-1 DP - ProQuest VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 177 EP - 202 LA - English SN - 18624065 ST - Putting vulnerability to climate change on the map UR - http://search.proquest.com/docview/873500772/abstract/16490B649F124DA2PQ/1 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:46:04 KW - Climate change KW - Mapping KW - Risk assessment KW - Sustainable development ER - TY - CONF TI - Is (Web) Science Ready for Empowerment? AU - Akkermans, Hans AU - Gyan, Nana Baah AU - Bon, Anna AU - Tuyp, Wendelien AU - Grewal, Aman AU - Boyera, Stéphane AU - Allen, Mary T2 - ACM WebSci'11 C1 - Koblenz CN - 0000 DA - 2011/06/14/17 PY - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions AU - Michie, Susan AU - van Stralen, Maartje M AU - West, Robert T2 - Implementation Science : IS AB - Background Improving the design and implementation of evidence-based practice depends on successful behaviour change interventions. This requires an appropriate method for characterising interventions and linking them to an analysis of the targeted behaviour. There exists a plethora of frameworks of behaviour change interventions, but it is not clear how well they serve this purpose. This paper evaluates these frameworks, and develops and evaluates a new framework aimed at overcoming their limitations. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases and consultation with behaviour change experts were used to identify frameworks of behaviour change interventions. These were evaluated according to three criteria: comprehensiveness, coherence, and a clear link to an overarching model of behaviour. A new framework was developed to meet these criteria. The reliability with which it could be applied was examined in two domains of behaviour change: tobacco control and obesity. Results Nineteen frameworks were identified covering nine intervention functions and seven policy categories that could enable those interventions. None of the frameworks reviewed covered the full range of intervention functions or policies, and only a minority met the criteria of coherence or linkage to a model of behaviour. At the centre of a proposed new framework is a 'behaviour system' involving three essential conditions: capability, opportunity, and motivation (what we term the 'COM-B system'). This forms the hub of a 'behaviour change wheel' (BCW) around which are positioned the nine intervention functions aimed at addressing deficits in one or more of these conditions; around this are placed seven categories of policy that could enable those interventions to occur. The BCW was used reliably to characterise interventions within the English Department of Health's 2010 tobacco control strategy and the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence's guidance on reducing obesity. Conclusions Interventions and policies to change behaviour can be usefully characterised by means of a BCW comprising: a 'behaviour system' at the hub, encircled by intervention functions and then by policy categories. Research is needed to establish how far the BCW can lead to more efficient design of effective interventions. DA - 2011/04/23/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1186/1748-5908-6-42 DP - PubMed Central VL - 6 SP - 42 J2 - Implement Sci SN - 1748-5908 ST - The behaviour change wheel UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096582/ Y2 - 2019/08/12/22:18:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - System Stewardship. The future of policy making? AU - Hallsworth, Michael AB - This working paper looks at the future of policy making in a world of decentralisation and more complex problems. It argues that policy makers need to see themselves less as sitting on top of a delivery chain, but as stewards of systems with multiple actors and decision makers – whose choices will determine how policy is realised. We are keen to open up a debate on what this means. CY - London DA - 2011/04/18/ PY - 2011 DP - www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk PB - Institute for Government UR - https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/system-stewardship Y2 - 2017/01/17/16:03:10 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Making Good Use of Adaptive Management AU - Doremus, Holly AU - Andreen, William L. AU - Camacho, Alejandro E. AU - Farber, Daniel A. AU - Glicksman, Robert L. AU - Goble, Dale D. AU - Karkkainen, Bradley C. AU - Rohlf, Dan AU - Tarlock, A. Dan AU - Zellmer, Sandra B. AU - Jones, Shana Campbell AU - Huang, Yee T2 - White Paper #1104 DA - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DP - Crossref LA - en PB - Center for Progressive Reform UR - http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=1808106 Y2 - 2019/02/25/12:05:53 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning how to learn: eight lessons for impact evaluations that make a difference AU - Ramalingam, Ben AB - This Background Note outlines key lessons on impact evaluations, utilisation-focused evaluations and evidence-based policy. While methodological pluralism is the key to effective impact evaluation in development, the focus here is on the factors that need to be considered for impact evaluations to be used in policy and practice – regardless of the method employed. CY - London DA - 2011/04// PY - 2011 PB - ODI ST - Learning how to learn UR - http://www.odi.org/publications/5716-impact-evaluation-assessment-lesson-learning Y2 - 2016/03/24/16:56:11 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Mediating Voices, Communicating Realities: Using Information Crowdsourcing Tools, Open Data Initiatives and Digital Media to Support and Protect the Vulnerable AU - Berdou, Evangelia AB - This is the final report from a research project, supported by the UK Department for International Development, examining whether and how open ICT projects designed to support the poor can make a diff... DA - 2011/03// PY - 2011 PB - IDS ST - Mediating Voices, Communicating Realities UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/mediating-voices-communicating-realities-using-information-crowdsourcing-tools-open-data-initiatives-and-digital-media-to-support-and-protect-the-vulnerable Y2 - 2016/04/03/11:07:49 ER - TY - CONF TI - Thinking and Working Politically: What does it mean, Why is it important and How do you do it? AU - Leftwich, Adrian AB - This paper suggests that working politically in a developmental context means directing attention and support to the agents of reform and development (leaders and organisations). This allows investment in the local processes that will resolve problems – such as problems of collective action – through the work of alliances and coalitions. Hence, it will drive the formation and consolidation of the locally appropriate, feasible and legitimate institutions that are most likely to advance development outcomes. The Developmental Leadership Program defines politics as the pervasive, unavoidable and necessary activities of conflict, negotiation and compromise involved in group decision-making about how resources are to be used, produced and distributed. Thinking politically means understanding that both political and technical dimensions are central to developmental outcomes. It also means: Understanding that ‘agency’ matters. That is, that people have the potential to change things, but always withhin the context of given institutional arrangements, which contain both constraints and opportunities. Leaders, organisations and followers think, strategise and attempt to resolve problems in different ways in the same contexts. Understanding leadership as a political process that mobilises people and resources in support of a goal: leaders seldom work on their own. Realising that overcoming collective action problems is a major challenge of development. Collective action problems occur when people with diverse (often competing) interests struggle to agree on an organisational arrangement from which they would all benefit. Understanding that coalitions (formal or informal) are a crucial political mechanism for the resolution of collective action problems. Paying attention to the detailed inner politics of regimes, sectors or issues (‘micro-politics’). This includes understanding who the players are, where they come from, their organisational affiliations, ideologies and interests and the political dynamics involved. (Many political analysis tools are inadequate for this level of detail.) Recognising that processes are as important as projects in development, and vary from context to context. Working politically in development means supporting, brokering, facilitating and aiding the emergence and practices of (public or private) developmental or reform leaderships, organisations, networks and coalitions at any level, and across all sectors. It means helping them to respond to, and work with, initiatives and requests from local individuals and groups. Working politically can also involve: Investing in the effectiveness of developmental coalitions by enhancing the political capacity of organisations in negotiation, advocacy, communication and the generation of constructive policy options. Rethinking higher educational support programmes so that they supplement a skills focus with strategies that help to build networks, and encourage the understanding of collective action problems and of the importance of providing public goods. Acquiring a deep and detailed knowledge of, and long-term exposure to, the country or issue concerned. Respectful and sensitive understanding of local political dynamics and cultural norms. Employing more social scientists and a well-trained, politically savvy workforce, both local and international, with the capacity to ‘read’ the politics. In particular, coalitions can help drive the endogenous politics of developmental reforms by: 1) achieving a specific policy goal; 2) opening up debate on a previously taboo issue; 3) deepening and strengthening the coalition’s internal organisation and relationships for future purposes; and 4) increasing the capacity of constituent organisations. It is also important to understand that: Developmental leaderships and coalitions often emerge in response to a critical juncture – a threat, challenge or danger – or a new opportunity. What matters is whether leaders have the knowledge, education, vision, prior experience and networks to seize such opportunities. The character and conditionality of funding by donors or supporters can make or break a coalition. Are tight conditions applied? Are funding arrangements transparent? C1 - Frankfurt C3 - Politics, Leadership and Coalitions in Development: Policy Implications of the DLP Research Evidence, Research and Policy Workshop DA - 2011/03// PY - 2011 PB - DLP ST - Thinking and Working Politically UR - http://www.gsdrc.org/document-library/thinking-and-working-politically-what-does-it-mean-why-is-it-important-and-how-do-you-do-it/ Y2 - 2016/05/10/11:47:43 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Evaluating with the Success Case Method AU - Gram, Tom T2 - Performance X Design AB - The method was developed by Robert Brinkerhoff as an alternative (or supplement) to the Kirkpatrick approach and its derivatives. It is very simple and fast (which is part of it’s appeal) and goes something like this: Step 1. Identify targeted business goals and impact expectations Step 2. Survey a large representative sample of all participants in a program to identify high impact and low impact cases Step 3. Analyze the survey data to identify: a small group of successful participants a small group unsuccessful participants Step 4. Conduct in-depth interviews with the two selected groups to: document the nature and business value of their application of learning identify the performance factors that supported learning application and obstacles that prevented it. Step 5. Document and disseminate the story report impact applaud successes use data to educate managers and organization The process produces two key outputs In-depth stories of documented business effect that can be disseminated to a variety of audiences Knowledge of factors that enhance or impede the effect of training on business results. Factors that are associated with successful application of new skills are compared and contrasted with those that impede training. It answers practical and common questions we have about training and other initiatives: What is really happening? Who’s using what, and how well? Who’s not using things as planned? What’s getting used, and what isn’t? Which people and how many are having success? Which people and how many are not? What results are being achieved? What value, if any, is being realized? What goals are being met? What goals are not? Is the intervention delivering the promised and hoped for results? What unintended results are happening? What is the value of the results? What sort of dollar or other value can be placed on the results? Does the program appear to be worthwhile? Is it producing results worth more than its costs? What is its return on investment? How much more value could it produce if it were working better? How can it be improved? What’s helping? What’s getting in the way? What could be done to get more people to use it? How can everyone be more like those few who are most successful? DA - 2011/02/24/ PY - 2011 UR - https://performancexdesign.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/evaluating-with-the-success-case-method/ Y2 - 2018/10/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Purposeful Program Theory: Effective Use of Theories of Change and Logic Models AU - Funnell, Sue C. AU - Rogers, Patricia J. AB - Between good intentions and great results lies a program theory—not just a list of tasks but a vision of what needs to happen, and how. Now widely used in government and not-for-profit organizations, program theory provides a coherent picture of how change occurs and how to improve performance. Purposeful Program Theory shows how to develop, represent, and use program theory thoughtfully and strategically to suit your particular situation, drawing on the fifty-year history of program theory and the authors' experiences over more than twenty-five years."From needs assessment to intervention design, from implementation to outcomes evaluation, from policy formulation to policy execution and evaluation, program theory is paramount. But until now no book has examined these multiple uses of program theory in a comprehensive, understandable, and integrated way. This promises to be a breakthrough book, valuable to practitioners, program designers, evaluators, policy analysts, funders, and scholars who care about understanding why an intervention works or doesn't work." —Michael Quinn Patton, author, Utilization-Focused Evaluation"Finally, the definitive guide to evaluation using program theory! Far from the narrow 'one true way' approaches to program theory, this book provides numerous practical options for applying program theory to fulfill different purposes and constraints, and guides the reader through the sound critical thinking required to select from among the options. The tour de force of the history and use of program theory is a truly global view, with examples from around the world and across the full range of content domains. A must-have for any serious evaluator." —E. Jane Davidson, PhD, Real Evaluation Ltd.Companion Web site: josseybass.com/go/funnellrogers DA - 2011/02/09/ PY - 2011 SP - 582 LA - Inglés ST - Purposeful Program Theory ER - TY - BOOK TI - Purposeful Program Theory: Effective Use of Theories of Change and Logic Models AU - Funnell, Sue C. AU - Rogers, Patricia J. AB - Program Theory in Evaluation Practice is a ground-breaking reference that teaches how to develop an explicit causal model that links an intervention (project, program or policy) with its intended or observed impacts and using this to guide monitoring and evaluation. Peerless in its explanation of why and how to use and develop program theory, the book is rich with examples and alternative approaches. The book is an invaluable resource to faculty and students as well as professionals in professional development programs, education, social work, and counseling. DA - 2011/02// PY - 2011 LA - en-au PB - Wiley ST - Purposeful Program Theory UR - https://www.wiley.com/en-au/Purposeful+Program+Theory%3A+Effective+Use+of+Theories+of+Change+and+Logic+Models-p-9780470478578 Y2 - 2023/01/12/11:17:09 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A guide to monitoring and evaluating policy influence AU - Jones, Harry DA - 2011/02// PY - 2011 SP - 12 PB - ODI UR - https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/6453.pdf Y2 - 2018/12/10/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using Systemigrams in Problem Definition: A Case Study in Maritime Resilience for Homeland Security AU - Sauser, Brian AU - Mansouri, Mo AU - Omer, Mayada T2 - Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management AB - The concept of resilience has been used among a diversity of fields with a myriad of definitions. A systems approach to discovering the essence of resilience could aid in understanding its concept and provide opportunities to distinguish its systemic characteristics that can be identified, planned, or analyzed regardless of the field in which it is considered. In order to begin executing such an approach, a comprehensive study of the literature on the topic and circumstances in which resilience has been used or referred to in several fields of studies is necessary. In this paper, the conceptual common denominator of resilience is identified based on the results of a literature survey and according to the way it has been used in different contexts. This basis leads to the objective of this effort, and that is to recognize the systemic characteristics of resilience and demonstrate the defining of a universally accepted definition. Using a soft systems methodology and a supporting systemic diagramming technique entitled Systemigrams, we present the formulation of defining resilience in maritime homeland security. In this effort, many stakeholders contributed their thoughts and concerns on the meaning and operational use of resilience through a repetitive process to formulate a definition of the term. The result of this methodic approach is a general definition of resilience that has been refined in a collaborative environment via the application the Boardman Soft Systems Methodology. DA - 2011/01/27/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.2202/1547-7355.1773 DP - ResearchGate VL - 8 J2 - Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management ST - Using Systemigrams in Problem Definition ER - TY - JOUR TI - Open data: Empowering the empowered or effective data use for everyone? AU - Gurstein, Michael B. T2 - First Monday DA - 2011/01/23/ PY - 2011 DP - firstmonday.org VL - 16 IS - 2 LA - en SN - 13960466 ST - Open data UR - http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3316 Y2 - 2017/06/06/13:07:32 KW - e-Government KW - open access KW - open data ER - TY - MGZN TI - Leading Effectively in a VUCA Environment: A is for Ambiguity AU - Kail, Col Eric G. T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - This is the last in a series on the four aspects of VUCA, a framework used by the U.S. military to describe the environment in terms of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Diversity and global reach introduce ambiguity to the environment; therefore opportunities and challenges must be appreciated from multiple aspects, not just our own […] DA - 2011/01/06/T13:30:22Z PY - 2011 DP - hbr.org SN - 0017-8012 ST - Leading Effectively in a VUCA Environment UR - https://hbr.org/2011/01/leading-effectively-in-a-vuca-1 Y2 - 2019/06/23/21:34:38 KW - Leadership KW - Leading teams ER - TY - RPRT TI - Guidance on using the revised Logical Framework - How to note AU - DFID AB - The principal changes to the logframe from the earlier (2008) 4 x 4 matrix are: - Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs) have been separated into their component elements (Indicator, Baseline and Target), and Milestones added. - Means of Verification has been renamed ‘Source’. - Inputs are now quantified in terms of funds (expressed in Sterling for DFID and all partners) and use of DFID staff time (expressed as annual Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs). - A DFID Share box now indicates the financial value of DFID’s Inputs as a percentage of the whole. - Assumptions are shown at Purpose and Output level only. - Risks are shown at Activities level only, but also rated at Output level; - At the Output level, the Impact Weighting is now shown in the logframe together with a Risk Rating for individual Outputs. - Activities are now shown separately (so do not normally appear in the logframe sent for approval), although they can be added to the logframe if this is more suitable for your purposes. - A renewed emphasis on the use of disaggregated beneficiary data within indicators, baselines and targets. The Logical Framework (logframe) was significantly re-designed in February 2009. In January 2011 a slightly amended logframe template was introduced at the same time as the launch of the new DFID Business Case. Given the extent of changes that took place in February 2009 it was only necessary to make minor amendments in January 2011. These amendments are as follows: - Results Chain terminology aligned across DFID (the terms Goal and Purpose in the old logframe template have been replaced by Impact and Outcome) - Rows added to allow achieved results to be captured alongside the planned results determined at project design stage - Word version of the logframe template removed – excel is the preferred format for logical frameworks from January 2011 - Indicator numbering introduced within logframe template CY - London DA - 2011/01// PY - 2011 M3 - Practice Paper PB - DFID UR - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c9e2d40f0b6629523ab0f/using-revised-logical-framework-external.pdf Y2 - 2024/01/30/10:49:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Data and monitoring needs for a more ecological agriculture AU - Zaks, David P. M. AU - Kucharik, Christopher J. T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Information on the life-cycle environmental impacts of agricultural production is often limited. As demands grow for increasing agricultural output while reducing its negative environmental impacts, both existing and novel data sources can be leveraged to provide more information to producers, consumers, scientists and policy makers. We review the components and organization of an agroecological sensor web that integrates remote sensing technologies and in situ sensors with models in order to provide decision makers with effective management options at useful spatial and temporal scales for making more informed decisions about agricultural productivity while reducing environmental burdens. Several components of the system are already in place, but by increasing the extent and accessibility of information, decision makers will have the opportunity to enhance food security and environmental quality. Potential roadblocks to implementation include farmer acceptance, data transparency and technology deployment. DA - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014017 DP - Institute of Physics VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 014017 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. LA - en SN - 1748-9326 UR - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014017/pdf Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:07:44 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Alps - Accountability, Learning and Planning System - 2011 Update AU - ActionAid AB - Alps is ActionAid’s over arching accountability framework, containing within it our programme planning system. Alps is distinctive in that it is strongly driven by principles, and sets out necessary personal attitudes and behaviours alongside organisational processes for planning, strategy formulation, learning, monitoring reviews/evaluations and audit. Alps defines our standards, not only about what we do but also how we do it. Alps is part of ActionAid’s human rights-based work. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 PB - ActionAid International UR - http://www.alnap.org/resource/10295 Y2 - 2017/07/11/12:22:30 ER - TY - CHAP TI - ’Adaptive Authoritarianism’ in Contemporary China: Identifying Zones of Legitimacy Building AU - Ahlers, Anna Lisa AU - Schubert, Gunter T2 - Reviving Legitimacy: Lessons for and from China A2 - Zhenglai, Deng A2 - Guo, Sujian AB - Anna L. Ahlers and Gunter Schubert, ’Adaptive Authoritarianism’ in Contemporary China: Identifying Zones of Legitimacy Building, in: Deng Zhenglai and Guo Sujian (eds), Reviving Legitimacy: Lessons for and from China, Lanham: Lexington Books (2011), CY - Plymouth DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 LA - en PB - Lexington Book UR - https://www.academia.edu/11309310/_Adaptive_Authoritarianism_in_Contemporary_China_Identifying_Zones_of_Legitimacy_Building_2011_ Y2 - 2018/08/21/15:26:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Blurring the Boundaries: Citizen Action Across States and Societies AU - Benequista, Nicholas AU - Gaventa, John T2 - Brighton: Citizenship DRC, 11. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar ST - Blurring the Boundaries UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/12499/cdrc_2011_blurring.pdf Y2 - 2017/10/05/07:24:48 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Science, Technology, and Innovation in Uganda: Recommendations for Policy and Action AU - Brar, Sukdeep AU - Farley, Sara E. AU - Hawkins, Robert AU - Wagner, Caroline S. T2 - A World Bank Study DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 132 PB - World Bank UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/188271468115452838/pdf/588440PUB0Scie101public10BOX353816B.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - Navigating the landscape of conflict: Applications of dynamical systems theory to protracted social conflict AU - Coleman, Peter T. AU - Vallacher, Robin R. AU - Nowak, Andrzej AU - Bartoli, Andrea T2 - The Non-linearity of Peace processes. Theory and Practice of Systemic Conflict Transformation A2 - Körppen, Daniela A2 - Ropers, Norbert A2 - Giessmann, Hans J. CY - Leverkusen DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 39 EP - 56 PB - Barbara Budrich Publishers UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236007877_Navigating_the_landscape_of_conflict_Applications_of_dynamical_systems_theory_to_protracted_social_conflict Y2 - 2016/10/05/12:39:28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strategies for learning from failure AU - Edmondson, Amy C. T2 - Harvard Business Review DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 89 IS - 4 SP - 48 EP - 55 UR - https://hbr.org/2011/04/strategies-for-learning-from-failure Y2 - 2024/01/30/15:06:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improving our legacy: Incorporation of adaptive management into state wildlife action plans AU - Fontaine, Joseph J. T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - The loss of biodiversity is a mounting concern, but despite numerous attempts there are few large scale conservation efforts that have proven successful in reversing current declines. Given the challenge of biodiversity conservation, there is a need to develop strategic conservation plans that address species declines even with the inherent uncertainty in managing multiple species in complex environments. In 2002, the State Wildlife Grant program was initiated to fulfill this need, and while not explicitly outlined by Congress follows the fundamental premise of adaptive management, ‘Learning by doing’. When action is necessary, but basic biological information and an understanding of appropriate management strategies are lacking, adaptive management enables managers to be proactive in spite of uncertainty. However, regardless of the strengths of adaptive management, the development of an effective adaptive management framework is challenging. In a review of 53 State Wildlife Action Plans, I found a keen awareness by planners that adaptive management was an effective method for addressing biodiversity conservation, but the development and incorporation of explicit adaptive management approaches within each plan remained elusive. Only w25% of the plans included a framework for how adaptive management would be implemented at the project level within their state. There was, however, considerable support across plans for further development and implementation of adaptive management. By furthering the incorporation of adaptive management principles in conservation plans and explicitly outlining the decision making process, states will be poised to meet the pending challenges to biodiversity conservation. DA - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.015 DP - Crossref VL - 92 IS - 5 SP - 1403 EP - 1408 LA - en SN - 03014797 ST - Improving our legacy UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479710003440 Y2 - 2019/02/25/14:07:52 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Foreign policy and complex adaptive systems: Exploring new paradigms for analysis and action AU - Frej, William AU - Ramalingam, Ben DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar M3 - SFI Working Paper PB - Santa Fe Institute SN - 2011-22 ST - Foreign policy and complex adaptive systems UR - www.santafe.edu/media/workingpapers/11-06-022.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/20/16:50:08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participation Makes A Difference: But Not Always How And Where We Might Expect AU - Gaventa, John T2 - Development Outreach DA - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1596/1020-797X_13_1_70 DP - CrossRef VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 70 EP - 76 LA - en SN - 1020-797X ST - Participation Makes A Difference UR - http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1020-797X_13_1_70 Y2 - 2016/03/23/17:14:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - NGO-IDEAs Impact Toolbox - Participatory Monitoring of Outcome and Impact AU - Gohl, Eberhard AU - Causemann, Bernward AB - NGO-IDEAs (NGO – Impact on Development, Empowerment and Actions) NGO-IDEAs is a cooperation of about 40 non-govermental organisations (NGOs) from South Asia, East Africa and the Philippines and 14 German NGOs working in the field of development cooperation. It identifies and develops jointly with all partners, concepts and tools for NGOs in the areas of Outcome and Impact Assessment and Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E). NGO-IDEAs is further being supported by VENRO, the umbrella organisation of development non-governmental organisations in Germany as well as PARITÄT, the legal holder of the project. The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) has cofinanced the project. NGO-IDEAs is not just another study evaluating the impact of NGOs’ work – it combines research & development, knowledge management, learning & training as well as advice & coaching to initiate a collective learning process for all partners involved. Additionally, NGOIDEAs intends to create a valuable resource base for use by NGOs. NGO-IDEAs aims at: • Empowering community based organisations or groups and the poor among the rural communities to use and practice impact monitoring for project management • Empowering NGOs to further improve the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of their efforts • Making social changes more visible for implementing and funding NGOs, thus improving development practice • Improving public recognition of NGOs and CBOs and their contribution to development. The NGO-IDEAs “Impact Toolbox” is to enable NGOs and grassroots organisations to monitor projects together with the so called target groups involved, in a manner that will enhance positive outcomes and impacts, and reduce negative ones. It focuses on joint setting of goals, on monitoring them and finally on taking joint decisions about the further design and direction of interventions. The instruments of the NGO-IDEAs “Impact Toolbox” are simple and participatory. Simple means: setting out from people’s knowledge and know-how, therefore, easy to understand and apply. Application can easily be fitted into the “normal” activities of the NGOs or grassroots organisations. The participatory character emerges through democratic elements promoting a “Culture of Learning” that the people can assimilate CY - Stuttgart DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Zotero LA - en PB - Impact+ UR - http://www.ngo-ideas.net/tiny_tools/index.html Y2 - 2023/07/14/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Salt River Ecosystem Restoration Project - Adaptive Management Plan AU - Harvey, H.T. CY - Eureka DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Zotero SP - 57 LA - en PB - Humboldt County Resource Conservation District ER - TY - RPRT TI - Not everything that connects is a network AU - Hearn, Simon AU - Mendizabal, Enrique AB - In the public policy context, networks have been predominant factors in policy formulation, innovation and global governance. While not a new phenomenon in the development landscape, networks are becoming increasingly prevalent. Donors, for example, are turning to networks to deliver aid interventions, NGOs are working through networks for collective advocacy and researchers collaborate across networks for greater policy influence. But are networks always the most appropriate vehicle? Where they are appropriate, how can we make the best use of them? This Background Note argues for a more rigorous understanding of their nature, particularly their value (and costs), and presents a revised Network Functions Approach as a model for rationalised investment in networks. CY - London DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Zotero SP - 8 LA - en M3 - Background note PB - ODI ER - TY - BOOK TI - Taking responsibility for complexity: how implementation can achieve results in the face of complex problems AU - Jones, Harry CY - London DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Open WorldCat LA - en PB - ODI SN - 978-1-907288-39-5 ST - Taking responsibility for complexity UR - http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/5275.pdf Y2 - 2019/03/12/16:55:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Collective Impact AU - Kania, John AU - Kramer, Mark T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Large-scale social change requires broad cross-sector coordination, not the isolated intervention of individual organizations. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 IS - Winter UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/collective_impact Y2 - 2017/11/03/17:30:03 ER - TY - CONF TI - Analysis of the factors affecting the sustainability of ICT4D initiatives AU - Marais, Mario T2 - ICT for development: people, policy and practice C3 - IDIA2011 Conference Proceedings DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228442343_Analysis_of_the_factors_affecting_the_sustainability_of_ICT4D_initiatives Y2 - 2016/06/23/14:12:01 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Local Empowerment Through Rapid Results AU - Matta, Nadim AU - Morgan, Peter T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Why local ownership and commitment are the exception in most development efforts—and what development professionals can do about this problem. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - Summer IS - 2011 LA - en-us UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/local_empowerment_through_rapid_results Y2 - 2018/01/15/09:04:02 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On understanding software agility: A social complexity point of view AU - Pelrine, Joseph T2 - E:CO AB - Over the last decade, the field of so-called Agile software development has grown to be a major force in the socio-economic arena of delivering quality software on time, on budget, and on spec. The acceleration in changing needs brought on by the rise in popularity of the Internet has helped push Agile practices far beyond their original boundaries, and possibly into domains where their application is not the optimal solution to the problems at hand. The question of where Agile software development practices and techniques make sense, and where are they out of place, is a valid one. It can be addressed by looking at software development as a complex endeavour, and using tools and techniques from the Cynefin method and other models of social complexity. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - 13 IS - 1-2 SP - 26 EP - 37 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295174037_On_understanding_software_agility_A_social_complexity_point_of_view Y2 - 2016/07/12/13:36:22 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - Design thinking: understand - improve - apply T2 - Understanding innovation A3 - Plattner, Hasso A3 - Meinel, Christoph A3 - Leifer, Larry AB - "In this book, the researchers take a system's view that begins with a demand for deep, evidence-based understanding of design thinking phenomena. They continue with an exploration of tools which can help improve the adaptive expertise needed for design thinking. The final part of the book concerns design thinking in information technology and its relevance for business process modeling and agile software development, i.e. real world creation and deployment of products, services, and enterprise systems"--Cover CY - Berlin DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 236 LA - eng PB - Springer SN - 978-3-642-13756-3 978-3-642-13757-0 ST - Design thinking KW - Creative ability in business KW - Creative thinking KW - Designer KW - Industrial management KW - Innovation KW - Organizational change KW - Product development KW - System design KW - Technological innovations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Illogical Framework: The Importance of Monitoring and Evaluation in International Development Studies AU - Pomerantz, Jessica R. T2 - Cornell Policy Review AB - In my brief experience with monitoring and evaluation, I have become convinced that it is critically important both as an international development project component and as a field of academic study. Throughout my academic career at Cornell University, I have, at times, argued that monitoring and evaluation has actually impeded development efforts, but here I wish to amend my opinion. Bad monitoring and evaluation can sabotage development projects and our meaningful interpretation of development impacts; failures can appear to be successes and vice-versa. As a student and practitioner of monitoring and evaluation, I have drawn the conclusions listed below and I submit them for your consideration. • Monitoring and evaluation is a key element of the international development industry applicable to many areas of public administration, domestic and international. • International development failures could be discovered and averted or corrected given proper monitoring and evaluation activities. • Anecdotal evidence from development activities in Afghanistan provides one example of the international community’s lack of attention to monitoring and evaluation concerning an ongoing development catastrophe. • Higher education ought to be filling the monitoring and evaluation knowledge gap but to date is failing to do so. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Zotero VL - 01 IS - 01 LA - en UR - http://www.cornellpolicyreview.com/illogical-framework-the-importance-of-monitoring-and-evaluation-in-international-development-studies/?pdf=73 Y2 - 2023/01/12/00:00:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Introduction to Adaptive Management for Threatened and Endangered Species AU - Runge, Michael C. T2 - Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management AB - Management of threatened and endangered species would seem to be a perfect context for adaptive management. Many of the decisions are recurrent and plagued by uncertainty, exactly the conditions that warrant an adaptive approach. But although the potential of adaptive management in these settings has been extolled, there are limited applications in practice. The impediments to practical implementation are manifold and include semantic confusion, institutional inertia, misperceptions about the suitability and utility, and a lack of guiding examples. In this special section of the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, we hope to reinvigorate the appropriate application of adaptive management for threatened and endangered species by framing such management in a decision-analytical context, clarifying misperceptions, classifying the types of decisions that might be amenable to an adaptive approach, and providing three fully developed case studies. In this overview paper, I define terms, review the past application of adaptive management, challenge perceived hurdles, and set the stage for the case studies which follow. DA - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DO - 10.3996/082011-JFWM-045 DP - Crossref VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 220 EP - 233 LA - en SN - 1944-687X, 1944-687X UR - http://www.fwspubs.org/doi/abs/10.3996/082011-JFWM-045 Y2 - 2019/02/25/11:11:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation for equitable development results A2 - Segone, M AB - This document is made up of a range of Evaluation Working Papers (EWP) focused on evaluation for equitable development. Put together by evaluation specialists they present strategic evaluation findings, lessons learned and innovative approaches and methodologies. Part 1:Evaluation and equity Evaluation to accelerate progress towards equity, social justice and human rights 2 Human rights and gender equality in evaluation 13 When human rights is the starting point for evaluation 25 Strengthening Equity- focused evaluations through insights from feminist theory and approaches 39 Decolonizing evaluation in a developing world. Implications and cautions for Equity-focused evaluations 59 Part 2: Methodological implications for Equity-focused evaluations Methodological issues to design and implement equity-focused evaluations 86 Developmental evaluation for Equity-focused evaluations 102 Systems thinking and Equity-focused evaluations 115 Methodological challenges in using programme theory to evaluate pro-poor and equity-focused programmes by Patricia Rogers, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University and Richard Hummelbrunner, Independent consultant 142 Case Study and equity in Evaluationby Saville Kushner, University of the West of Englan 172 Values-Engaged Evaluationsby Jennifer Greene, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 192 Part 3: Examples of Equity-focused evaluations Evaluating the contribution of UNDP to equity-focused public policies in Brazil and China 210 Using a human rights approach to evaluate ILO’s discrimination strategy 222 CONEVAL experience in evaluating interventions for Indigenous populations in Mexico 244 UNICEF supported evaluations with elements of equity-focused evaluations 258 CY - New York DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 308 PB - UNICEF UR - http://www.clear-la.cide.edu/sites/default/files/Evaluation_for_equitable%20results_web.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Learning to ADAPT: monitoring and evaluation approaches in climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction – challenges, gaps and ways forward AU - Silva Villanueva, Paula T2 - SRC Discussion Paper AB - This working paper is a methodological contribution to the emerging debate on monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in the context of climate change adaptationand disaster risk reduction. Effectively managing disaster risk is critical for adapting to the impacts of climate change, however disasters risk reduction M&E practice may be limited in capturing progress towards adaptation. The unique nature of adaptation to climate change calls for experience-based learning M&E processes for discovering the key insights into adaptive capacity and its links to adaptation processes, and to risk and vulnerability reduction at large. The ADAPT guiding principles and indicators set the foundations towards this end. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - IDS SN - 9 ST - Learning to ADAPT UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/2509 Y2 - 2018/08/22/08:26:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive management of natural resources—framework and issues AU - Williams, Byron K. T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - Adaptive management, an approach for simultaneously managing and learning about natural resources, has been around for several decades. Interest in adaptive decision making has grown steadily over that time, and by now many in natural resources conservation claim that adaptive management is the approach they use in meeting their resource management responsibilities. Yet there remains considerable ambiguity about what adaptive management actually is, and how it is to be implemented by practitioners. The objective of this paper is to present a framework and conditions for adaptive decision making, and discuss some important challenges in its application. Adaptive management is described as a two-phase process of deliberative and iterative phases, which are implemented sequentially over the timeframe of an application. Key elements, processes, and issues in adaptive decision making are highlighted in terms of this framework. Special emphasis is given to the question of geographic scale, the difficulties presented by non-stationarity, and organizational challenges in implementing adaptive management. DA - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.041 DP - Crossref VL - 92 IS - 5 SP - 1346 EP - 1353 LA - en SN - 03014797 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301479710003737 Y2 - 2019/02/25/12:18:13 ER - TY - MGZN TI - Leading Effectively in a VUCA Environment: C is for Complexity AU - Kail, Col Eric G. T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - This is the third in a series on the four aspects of VUCA, a framework used by the U.S. military to describe the environment in terms of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Our complex environment demands a perspective that goes beyond viewing threats and opportunities as collective; we must see them as interactive. Leading through […] DA - 2010/12/03/T17:06:55Z PY - 2010 DP - hbr.org SN - 0017-8012 ST - Leading Effectively in a VUCA Environment UR - https://hbr.org/2010/12/leading-effectively-in-a-vuca Y2 - 2019/06/23/21:34:49 KW - Leadership KW - Leadership development ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of social learning in adaptiveness: insights from water management AU - Lebel, Louis AU - Grothmann, Torsten AU - Siebenhüner, Bernd T2 - International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics AB - The article introduces the notion of adaptiveness and discusses the role of social learning in it. Adaptiveness refers to the capacity of a social actor or social–ecological system to adapt in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in the environment. We explore arguments both from a theoretical perspective and through illustrations from case studies of water management in the Alps of Europe and Mekong in southeast Asia. We propose and illustrate that social learning processes are important for building adaptiveness in several ways and at different scales. Social learning can help cope with informational uncertainty; reduce normative uncertainty; build consensus on criteria for monitoring and evaluation; empower stakeholders to take adaptive actions; reduce conflicts and identify synergies between adaptations; and improve fairness of decisions and actions. Findings in the case studies provide some support for these generalizations but often with caveats related to diversity of stakeholder interests, levels of shared understanding versus contested knowledge and scale of coordination. For this reason, we suggest that future work pays greater attention to issues of agency, knowledge and scale: What strategies have individuals and organizations pursued in successful examples of social learning? How are the boundaries and interactions between science, policy and practice managed? How does social learning occur across spatial and temporal scales? DA - 2010/12/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1007/s10784-010-9142-6 DP - Springer Link VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 333 EP - 353 J2 - Int Environ Agreements LA - en SN - 1573-1553 ST - The role of social learning in adaptiveness UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-010-9142-6 Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:34:32 KW - Adaptation KW - European Alps KW - Fairness KW - Mekong River KW - Social learning KW - Uncertainty KW - Water management ER - TY - MGZN TI - Leading in a VUCA Environment: U is for Uncertainty AU - Kail, Col Eric G. T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - This post is part of an HBR Spotlight examining leadership lessons from the military. It’s the second in a series on the four aspects of VUCA, a framework used by the U.S. military to describe the environment in terms of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. The frenetic pace of our environment, brought on by volatility, […] DA - 2010/11/10/T21:34:23Z PY - 2010 DP - hbr.org SN - 0017-8012 ST - Leading in a VUCA Environment UR - https://hbr.org/2010/11/leading-in-a-vuca-environment-1 Y2 - 2019/06/23/21:34:44 KW - Leadership ER - TY - MGZN TI - Leading in a VUCA Environment: V Is for Volatility AU - Kail, Col Eric G. T2 - Harvard Business Review AB - This post is part of an HBR Spotlight examining leadership lessons from the military This is the first in a series on the four aspects of VUCA, a framework used by the U.S. military to describe the environment in terms of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Do challenges and opportunities that once took days or […] DA - 2010/11/03/T20:42:13Z PY - 2010 DP - hbr.org SN - 0017-8012 ST - Leading in a VUCA Environment UR - https://hbr.org/2010/11/leading-in-a-vuca-environment Y2 - 2019/06/23/21:34:15 KW - Leadership ER - TY - BOOK TI - Deconstructing Development Discourse: Buzzwords and Fuzzwords A3 - Cornwall, Andrea A3 - Eade, Deborah AB - Writing from diverse locations, contributors critically examine some of the key terms in current development discourse. Why should language matter to those who are doing development? Surely, there are more urgent things to do than sit around mulling over semantics? CY - Oxford DA - 2010/11/01/ PY - 2010 DP - policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk PB - Oxfam & Practical Action Publishing ST - Deconstructing Development Discourse UR - http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/deconstructing-development-discourse-buzzwords-and-fuzzwords-118173 Y2 - 2017/04/11/14:35:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Passive and active adaptive management: Approaches and an example AU - Williams, Byron T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - Adaptive management is a framework for resource conservation that promotes iterative learning-based decision making. Yet there remains considerable confusion about what adaptive management entails, and how to actually make resource decisions adaptively. A key but somewhat ambiguous distinction in adaptive management is between active and passive forms of adaptive decision making. The objective of this paper is to illustrate some approaches to active and passive adaptive management with a simple example involving the drawdown of water impoundments on a wildlife refuge. The approaches are illustrated for the drawdown example, and contrasted in terms of objectives, costs, and potential learning rates. Some key challenges to the actual practice of AM are discussed, and tradeoffs between implementation costs and long-term benefits are highlighted. DA - 2010/11/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.039 VL - 92 IS - 5 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Alignment, Interest and Influence Matrix (AIIM) guidance note AU - Mendizabal, Enrique AB - In 2007, on the eve of a workshop to introduce a new version of the RAPID approach to DFID policy teams, Enrique Mendizabal and Ben Ramalingam created the Alignment, Interest and Influence Matrix (AIIM), a stakeholder analysis tool that not only helps to identify key stakeholders, but also suggests a possible course of action towards them. CY - London DA - 2010/11// PY - 2010 LA - en PB - ODI/RAPID UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/5288-alignment-interest-and-influence-matrix-aiim-guidance-note Y2 - 2019/04/07/19:22:17 ER - TY - GEN TI - Reflections on the Utilization-Focused Evaluation (UFE) Process AU - Lim, Yvonne AU - Mizumoto, Ann AB - This presentation from the Strengthening ICTD Research Capacity in Asia (SIRCA) provides an overview of how UFE was used in their SIRCA programme. It was presented at the Evaluation Conclave 2010, New Delhi, India The key objectives of the program are to: Enhance research capacity in Asia through rigorous academic research Create a space for dialogue on ICT4D social science research issues in Asia Create linkages through a mentorship program Disseminate findings in publications and conferences Contents SIRCA Programme SIRCA Key Objectives SIRCA Evaluation UFE Learnings UFE Challenges Evaluation is over…but there’s a lasting outcome... DA - 2010/10/28/ PY - 2010 PB - Strengthening ICTD Research Capacity in Asia (SIRCA) Programme UR - https://evaluationinpractice.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/sirca_conclave-2010-presentation-3_yl.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/22/00:00:00 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Naturalizing sensemaking AU - Snowden, Dave T2 - Informed by Knowledge: Expert Performance in Complex Situations A2 - Mosier, Kathleen L. A2 - Fischer, Ute M. AB - The focus of this book is on how experts adapt to complexity, synthesize and interpret information in context, and transform or "fuse" disparate items of information into coherent knowledge. The chapters examine these processes across experts (e.g. global leaders, individuals in extreme environments, managers, police officers, pilots, commanders, doctors, inventors), across contexts (e.g. space and space analogs, corporate organizations, command and control, crisis and crowd management, air traffic control, the operating room, product development), and for both individual and team performance. Successful information integration is a key factor in the success of diverse endeavors, including team attempts to climb Mt. Everest, crowd control in the Middle East, and remote drilling operations. This volume is divided into four sections, each with a specific focus on an area of expert performance, resulting in a text that covers a wide range of useful information. These sections present well-researched discussions, such as: the management of complex situations in various fields and decision contexts; technological and training approaches to facilitate knowledge management by individual experts and expert teams; new or neglected perspectives in expert decision making; and the importance of ‘modeling’ expert performance through techniques and frameworks such as Cognitive Task Analysis, computational architectures based on the notion of causal belief mapping such as ‘Convince Me,’ or the data/frame model of sensemaking. The volume provides essential reading for researchers and practitioners of Naturalistic Decision Making and those who study Expertise; Organizational and Cognitive Psychologists; and researchers and students in Business and Engineering. CY - New York, NY DA - 2010/10/25/ PY - 2010 DP - Amazon SP - 223 EP - 34 LA - English PB - Psychology Press SN - 978-1-84872-911-7 UR - https://www.amazon.co.uk/Informed-Knowledge-Performance-Situations-Applications/dp/1848729111 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is Social Learning? AU - Reed, Mark AU - Evely, Anna AU - Cundill, Georgina AU - Fazey, Ioan AU - Glass, Jayne AU - Laing, Adele AU - Newig, Jens AU - Parrish, Brad AU - Prell, Christina AU - Raymond, Chris AU - Stringer, Lindsay T2 - Ecology and Society AB - Reed, M. S., A. C. Evely, G. Cundill, I. Fazey, J. Glass, A. Laing, J. Newig, B. Parrish, C. Prell, C. Raymond, and L. C. Stringer. 2010. What is social learning? Ecology and Society 15(4): r1. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03564-1504r01 DA - 2010/10/19/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.5751/ES-03564-1504r01 DP - www.ecologyandsociety.org VL - 15 IS - 4 LA - en SN - 1708-3087 UR - https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/resp1/ Y2 - 2019/05/02/20:52:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - The unofficial SCRUM checklist AU - Kniberg, Henrik CY - Stockholm DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010 PB - CRISP UR - https://dzone.com/articles/agile-metricsthe-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly Y2 - 2017/01/10/12:21:16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Use of environmental sensors and sensor networks to develop water and salinity budgets for seasonal wetland real-time water quality management AU - Quinn, Nigel W. T. AU - Ortega, Ricardo AU - Rahilly, Patrick J. A. AU - Royer, Caleb W. T2 - Environmental Modelling & Software T3 - Thematic issue on Sensors and the Environment – Modelling & ICT challenges AB - Management of river salt loads in a complex and highly regulated river basin such as the San Joaquin River Basin of California presents significant challenges for current Information Technology. Computer-based numerical models are used as a means of simulating hydrologic processes and water quality within the basin and can be useful tools for organizing Basin data in a structured and readily accessible manner. These models can also be used to extend information derived from environmental sensors within existing monitoring networks to areas outside these systems based on similarity factors – since it would be cost prohibitive to collect data for every channel or pollutant source within the Basin. A common feature of all hydrologic and water quality models is the ability to perform mass balances. This paper describes the use of a number of state-of-the-art sensor technologies that have been deployed to obtain water and salinity mass balances for a 60,000ha tract of seasonally managed wetlands in the San Joaquin River Basin of California. These sensor technologies are being combined with more traditional environmental monitoring techniques to support real-time salinity management (RTSM) in the River Basin. Two of these new technology applications: YSI-Econet (which supports continuous flow and salinity monitoring of surface water deliveries and seasonal wetland drainage); and electromagnetic salinity mapping (a remote sensing technology for mapping soil salinity in the surface soils) – have not previously been reported in the literature. Continuous sensor deployments that experience more widespread use include: weather station sensor arrays – used to estimate wetland pond evaporation and moist soil plant evapotranspiration; high resolution multi-spectral imagery – used to discriminate between and estimate the area of wetland moist soil plant vegetation; and groundwater level sensors – used primarily to estimate seepage losses beneath a wetland pond during flood-up. Important issues associated with quality assurance of continuous data are discussed and the application of a state-of-the-art software product AQUARIUS, which streamlines the process of data error correction and dissemination, is described as an essential element of ensuring successful RTSM implementation in the San Joaquin River Basin. DA - 2010/09/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.10.011 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 25 IS - 9 SP - 1045 EP - 1058 J2 - Environmental Modelling & Software SN - 1364-8152 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815209002837 Y2 - 2019/05/03/22:02:03 KW - Environmental decision support KW - Forecasting KW - Sensor networks KW - Sensors KW - Water quality ER - TY - RPRT TI - Tips for Conducting a Gender Analysis at the Activity or Project Level AU - Cozzarelli, Cathy AB - I. What is gender analysis? II. Relevant sections of the ADS III. Process – What should you do to collect the information you need to conduct a gender analysis at the activity or project level? IV. What questions should you ask in the context of doing your gender analysis? - Access - Knowledge, Beliefs, and Perceptions - Practices and Participation - Time and Space - Legal Rights and Status - Power and Decision-making IV. What should you do after you ask these questions? DA - 2010/09// PY - 2010 PB - USAID UR - https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadt865.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/01/12:05:09 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Developmental Evaluation: Applying Complexity Concepts to Enhance Innovation and Use AU - Patton, Michael Quinn AB - Developmental evaluation (DE) offers a powerful approach to monitoring and supporting social innovations by working in partnership with program decision makers. In this book, eminent authority Michael Quinn Patton shows how to conduct evaluations within a DE framework. Patton draws on insights about complex dynamic systems, uncertainty, nonlinearity, and emergence. He illustrates how DE can be used for a range of purposes: ongoing program development, adapting effective principles of practice to local contexts, generating innovations and taking them to scale, and facilitating rapid response in crisis situations. Students and practicing evaluators will appreciate the book's extensive case examples and stories, cartoons, clear writing style, "closer look" sidebars, and summary tables. Provided is essential guidance for making evaluations useful, practical, and credible in support of social change.See also Developmental Evaluation Exemplars, edited by Michael Quinn Patton, Kate McKegg, and Nan Wehipeihana, which presents 12 in-depth case studies. CY - New York DA - 2010/08/13/ PY - 2010 DP - Amazon ET - 1 edition SP - 375 LA - English PB - Guilford Press SN - 978-1-60623-872-1 ST - Developmental Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Measurement KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Project management ER - TY - BOOK TI - What Is a Case?: Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry AU - Ragin, Charles AB - The concept of the case is a basic feature of social science research and yet many questions about how a case should be defined, selected, and judged are far from settled. The contributors to this volume probe the nature of the case and the ways in which different understandings of the concept affect the conduct and the results of research. The contributions demonstrate that the work of any given researcher is often characterised by some hybrid of these basic approaches, and it is important to understand that most research involves multiple definitions and uses of cases, as both specific empirical phenomena and as general theoretical categories. CY - Cambridge England ; New York, NY, USA DA - 2010/08/12/ PY - 2010 ET - 11th ed. edition SP - 254 LA - English PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-0-521-42188-1 ST - What Is a Case? UR - https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/sociology/research-methods-sociology-and-criminology/what-case-exploring-foundations-social-inquiry?format=PB&isbn=9780521421881 ER - TY - BLOG TI - Embracing the Chaotic: Cynefin and Humanitarian Response AU - Morealtitude T2 - WanderLust AB - Note: Many thanks to Dave Snowden for his willingness to comment on this article prior to release Because I’m always a little behind the eight-ball, a friend of mine* recently introduced me to the … DA - 2010/07/08/T01:15:15+00:00 PY - 2010 ST - Embracing the Chaotic UR - https://morealtitude.wordpress.com/2010/07/08/embracing-the-chaotic-cynefin-and-humanitarian-response/ Y2 - 2017/02/02/17:37:35 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Paradigms, Poverty and Adaptive Pluralism AU - Chambers, Robert AB - This paper explores participatory methodologies (PMs) associated with a paradigm of people, contrasted with a dominant paradigm associated with things. CY - Brighton DA - 2010/07// PY - 2010 M3 - Working Paper PB - IDS SN - 344 UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/go/idspublication/paradigms-poverty-and-adaptive-pluralism-rs Y2 - 2017/03/21/16:47:26 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Demanding Good Governance: Lessons from Social Accountability Initiatives in Africa A3 - McNeil, Mary A3 - Malena, Carmen AB - Accountability is the cornerstone of good governance. Unless public officials can be held to account, then critical benefits associated with good governance, such as social justice, poverty reduction and development remain elusive. The impacts of non-responsive and unaccountable governance are perhaps most harshly felt by the citizens of Africa, where corruption and governance failures are broadly acknowledged as a principal obstacle to the achievement Over the past decade, a range of social accountability practices―such as participatory budgeting, independent budget analysis, participatory monitoring of public expenditure and citizen evaluation of public services have been experimented with in many Africa countries. Their outcomes and lessons have, thus far, received little attend and documentation. This volume aims to make a contribution towards filling this gap by describing and analyzing a selection of social accountability initiatives from seven Sub-Saharan countries. CY - Washington, D.C DA - 2010/06/23/ PY - 2010 DP - Amazon SP - 264 LA - English PB - World Bank Publications SN - 978-0-8213-8380-3 ST - Demanding Good Governance ER - TY - BOOK TI - A Practical Guide to Distributed Scrum AU - Woodward, Elizabeth AU - Surdek, Steffan AU - Ganis, Matthew AB - Succeed with Scrum in Even the Largest, Most Complex Distributed Development Projects Forewords by Ken Schwaber, Scott Ambler, Roman Pichler, and Matthew Wang This is the first comprehensive, practical guide for Scrum practitioners working in large-scale distributed environments. Written by three of IBM’s leading Scrum practitioners--in close collaboration with the IBM QSE Scrum Community of more than 1000 members worldwide--this book offers specific, actionable guidance for everyone who wants to succeed with Scrum in the enterprise. Readers will follow a journey through the lifecycle of a distributed Scrum project, from envisioning products and setting up teams to preparing for Sprint planning and running retrospectives. Each chapter presents a baseline drawn from “conventional” Scrum, then discusses additional issues faced by distributed teams, and presents specific best-practice solutions, alternatives, and tips the authors have identified through hard, empirical experience. Using real-world examples, the book demonstrates how to apply key Scrum practices, such as look-ahead planning in geographically distributed environments. Readers will also gain valuable new insights into the agile management of complex problem and technical domains. Coverage includes•  Developing user stories and working with Product Owners as a distributed team•  Recognizing and fixing the flaws Scrum may reveal in existing processes•  Engaging in more efficient Release and Sprint planning•  Conducting intense, brief daily Scrum meetings in distributed environments•  Managing cultural and language differences•  Resolving dependencies, performing frequent integration, and maintaining transparency in geographically distributed environments•  Successfully running remote software reviews and demos•  Brainstorming what worked and what didn’t, to improve future Sprints This book will be an indispensable resource for every team leader, member, product owner, or manager working with Scrum or other agile methods in any distributed software development organization. CY - Upper Saddle River, NJ DA - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DP - Amazon SP - 240 LA - English PB - IBM Press SN - 978-0-13-704113-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive Management in the Courts AU - Fischman, Robert L. AU - Ruhl, J.B. T2 - Minnesota Law Review AB - Adaptive management has become the tonic of natural resources policy. With its core idea of “learning while doing,” adaptive management has infused the natural resources policy world to the point of ubiquity, surfacing in everything from mundane agency permits to grand presidential proclamations. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to suggest that these days adaptive management is natural resources policy. But is it working? Does appending “adaptive” in front of “management” somehow make natural resources policy, which has always been about balancing competing claims to nature’s bounty, something more and better? Many legal and policy scholars have asked that question, with mixed reviews. Their evaluations, however, have rested on theory, program-specific surveys, and isolated case studies. This article provides the first comprehensive review of adaptive management from the perspective that likely matters most to the natural resource agencies practicing adaptive management - how is it faring in the courts? Part I of the Article examines the theory, policy, and practice of adaptive management, focusing on the experience of the federal resource management agencies. The end product in practice is something we call “a m-lite,” a watered down version of the theory that resembles ad hoc contingency planning more than it does planned “learning while doing.” This gap between theory and practice leads to profound disparities between how agencies justify decisions and how adaptive management in practice arrives at the courthouse doorsteps. In Part II we review how these disparities have played out in courts considering claims that agency practice of adaptive management has not lived up to its theoretical promise or to the legal demands of substantive and procedural environmental law. We extract three key themes from the body of case law in this respect. Part III extends from the existing case law to draw lessons for agencies and Congress about the future practice of adaptive management. Our ultimate message to agencies is that a m-lite can be an effective decision method - and one that survives judicial scrutiny - but agencies must be more disciplined about its design and implementation. This includes resisting the temptation to employ adaptive management to dodge burdensome procedural requirements, substantive management criteria, and contentious stakeholder participation. If faithfully followed and enforced, this model, despite its flaws, could serve as an important component of natural resources policy to confront problems of the future as daunting as climate change. DA - 2010/01/01/ PY - 2010 VL - 95 SP - 424 EP - 484 UR - https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/139 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Global mapping of technology for transparency and accountability AU - Avila, Renata AU - Feigenblatt, Hazel AU - Heacock, Rebekah AU - Heller, Nathaniel CY - London DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - Transparency & Accountability Initiative UR - http://www.transparency-initiative.org/reports/global-mapping-of-technology-for-transparency-and-accountability ER - TY - RPRT TI - Unpacking the concept of political will to confront corruption AU - Brinkerhoff, Derek W. T2 - U4 Brief, No. 1 AB - Quite often, "lack of political will" is identified as the culprit for poorly performing anti-corruption programmes. Yet despite the frequency with which it is used to explain unsatisfactory reform outcomes, political will remains under-defined and poorly understood. Further, assessments are often conducted retrospectively, looking back at failed programmes. By applying a model of political will that specifies a set of action-based components that are observable and measurable, and amenable to external reinforcement and support, more clarity regarding the degree of political will can be achieved. CY - Bergen, Norway DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre UR - http://www.u4.no/publications/unpacking-the-concept-of-political-will-to-confront-corruption/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Design Thinking for Social Innovation AU - Brown, Tim AU - Wyatt, Jocelyn T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review AB - Designers have traditionally focused on enhancing the look and functionality of products. Recently, they have begun using design techniques to tackle more complex problems, such as finding ways to provide low-cost healthcare throughout the world. Businesses were the first to embrace this new approach—called design thinking—and nonprofits are beginning to adopt it too. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 IS - Winter UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/design_thinking_for_social_innovation ER - TY - BOOK TI - Bootcamp Bootleg Design Thinking Toolkit AU - d.school CY - Stanford DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - Institute of Design, Stanford University UR - https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57c6b79629687fde090a0fdd/t/58890239db29d6cc6c3338f7/1485374014340/METHODCARDS-v3-slim.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/21/14:52:42 KW - IMPORTANT ER - TY - BOOK TI - DE 201: A practitioner's guide to developmental evaluation AU - Dozois, Elizabeth AU - Langlois, Marc AU - Blanchet-Cohen, Natasha AB - Developmental evaluation has emerged fairly recently as a way to support adaptive learning in complex and emergent initiatives. Combining the rigour of evaluation with the flexibility and imagination required for development, this new form of evaluation brings critical thinking to bear on the creative process in initiatives involving high levels of uncertainty, innovation, emergence, and social complexity. This guidebook from J.W. McConnell Family Foundation and the International Institute for Child Rights and Development explores key aspects of Developmental Evaluation (DE) and offers suggestions for implementing the practice and includes a range of DE resources to help with its facilitation. Contents What is developmental evaluation? When is developmental evaluation appropriate? What competencies are needed to be an effective DE? How is developmental evaluation practiced? Challenges Appendices Assessing Readiness Stakeholder analysis Sample Learning Framework Systems Analysis Framework - Key Components Data Analysis Resources CY - Montréal, Que. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - J.W. McConnell Family Foundation SN - 978-1-55058-424-0 ST - DE 201 UR - https://mcconnellfoundation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/DE-201-EN.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/13/16:22:56 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Minipublics: Designing Institutions for Effective Deliberation and Accountability AU - Fung, Archon T2 - Accountability through public opinion : from inertia to public action A2 - Odugbemi, Sina A2 - Lee, Taeku AB - “Accountability” has become a buzzword in international development. Development actors appear to delight in announcing their intention to “promote accountability”—but it is often unclear what accountability is and how it can be promoted. This book addresses some questions that are crucial to understanding accountability and for understanding why accountability is important to improve the effectiveness of development aid. We ask: What does it mean to make governments accountable to their citizens? How do you do that? How do you create genuine demand for accountability among citizens, how do you move citizens from inertia to public action? The main argument of this book is that accountability is a matter of public opinion. Governments will only be accountable if there are incentives for them to do so—and only an active and critical public will change the incentives of government officials to make them responsive to citizens’ demands. Accountability without public opinion is a technocratic, but not an effective solution. In this book, more than 30 accountability practitioners and thinkers discuss the concept and its structural conditions; the relationship between accountability, information, and the media; the role of deliberation to promote accountability; and mechanisms and tools to mobilize public opinion. A number of case studies from around the world illustrate the main argument of the book: Public opinion matters and an active and critical public is the surest means to achieve accountability that will benefit the citizens in developing countries. This book is designed for policy-makers and governance specialists working within the international development community, national governments, grassroots organizations, activists, and scholars engaged in understanding the interaction between accountability and public opinion and their role for increasing the impact of international development interventions. CY - Washington D.C. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Open WorldCat PB - The World Bank SN - 978-0-8213-8505-0 UR - http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGOVACC/Resources/Accountabilitybookweb.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction: Making change happen–citizen action and national policy reform AU - Gaventa, John AU - McGee, Rosemary T2 - Citizen Action and National Policy Reform. London: Zed Books DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar SP - 1 EP - 43 ST - Introduction UR - http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/centreoncitizenship/1052734655-gaventa_etal.2010-making.pdf Y2 - 2016/09/29/13:57:16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coping with Complexity AU - Gerard Seijts AU - Niels Billou AU - Mary Crossan T2 - Ivey Business Journal DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 IS - May/June UR - https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/coping-with-complexity/ Y2 - 2017/11/12/23:51:22 ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Innovative Power of Positive Deviance AU - Goldstein, Jeffrey AU - Hazy, James AU - Lichtenstein, Benyamin B. T2 - Complexity and the Nexus of Leadership A2 - Goldstein, Jeffrey CY - New York DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 LA - en PB - Palgrave Macmillan UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304595566_The_Innovative_Power_of_Positive_Deviance Y2 - 2018/06/17/15:17:25 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Accountability and Learning: Exploding the Myth of Incompatibility between Accountability and Learning AU - Guijt, Irene T2 - NGO Management - The Earthscan Compendium A2 - Fowler, Alan A2 - Malunga, Chiku AB - When accountability is understood as reporting on pre-deined deliverables, it is often considered to be irreconcilable with learning. This conventional wisdom inhibits an appreciation of their connection. In this chapter, Irene Guijt exposes the laws and traps in reasoning that keep accountability and learning apart. She provides practitioners with principles and basic good ideas that open up prospects for accountability and learning to complement each other. CY - London DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - www.taylorfrancis.com SP - 339 EP - 352 LA - en PB - Routledge SN - 978-1-84977-542-7 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781849775427-36/accountability-learning-exploding-myth-incompatibility-accountability-learning-irene-guijt Y2 - 2023/01/24/10:09:58 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Beyond Logframe: Critique, Variations and Alternatives AU - Hummelbrunner, Richard T2 - Beyond Logframe; Using Systems Concepts in Evaluation A2 - Fujita, Nobuko AB - Over the last decades, the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) has become universally known and has assumed a key role for planning and managing development interventions. LFA, however, is not uncontroversial and the approach has been subject to criticism, concerning both its theoretical foundations and practical use. Despite these criticisms LFA’s position has not been fundamentally weakened and while many donors acknowledge its limits and weaknesses, they maintain (some would say impose) its use as a planning and monitoring tool. This chapter reviews some of the experience gained with LFA and outlines major attempts to develop variations – or move beyond it altogether. The first section briefly describes the LFA concept and summarizes the main points of critique. Section 2 then explores some variations which have been developed in response to this critique and to improve LFA as a management tool. Section 3 proposes a systemic alternative to logframe and Section 4 outlines alternatives to LFA which have recently been introduced in German development aid. CY - Tokyo DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development. UR - http://www.perfeval.pol.ulaval.ca/sites/perfeval.pol.ulaval.ca/files/publication_129.pdf#page=8 Y2 - 2022/01/28/00:00:00 ER - TY - RPRT TI - An Upside Down View of Governance AU - IDS AB - Informal institutions and personalised relationships are usually seen as governance problems. However the research presented in this synthesis paper suggests that they can also be part of the solution... CY - Brighton DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - Centre for the Future State, IDS UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/idspublication/an-upside-down-view-of-governance Y2 - 2017/05/17/15:08:21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Three Approaches to Monitoring: Feedback Systems, Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation and Logical Frameworks AU - Jacobs, Alex AU - Barnett, Chris AU - Ponsford, Richard T2 - IDS Bulletin AB - This article compares key attributes, strengths and weaknesses of three different approaches to monitoring development interventions: the logical framework approach, participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) and feedback systems. Academic and practitioner literature describes how logframes meet the needs of senior decision-makers to summarise, organise and compare projects. PM&E meets the needs of field staff to work sensitively with intended beneficiaries and support their learning and empowerment. Feedback systems appear to link the two, providing performance data for managers and creating incentives for implementing staff to focus on their intended beneficiaries. Feedback systems build on the rich heritage of PM&E and are compatible with logframes. They may help provide a manageable and effective approach to accountability that links the means and the ends of development interventions. Feedback systems are at an early stage of development. There is a lot to learn about how and where they work best. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2010.00180.x DP - Zotero VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 9 LA - en ER - TY - BOOK TI - Obliquity: Why Our Goals Are Best Achieved Indirectly AU - Kay, John AB - "John Kay tells a fast-paced detective story as he searches for the surprising secret to success...Brilliant." -Tim Harford, author of The Logic of Life In this revolutionary book, economist John Kay proves a notion that feels at once paradoxical and deeply commonsensical: the best way to achieve any complex or broadly defined goal, from happiness to preventing forest fires, is the indirect way. We can learn how to achieve our objectives only through a gradual process of risk taking and discovery-what Kay calls obliquity. The author traces this seemingly counterintuitive path to success as it manifests itself in nearly every aspect of life, including business, politics, sports, and more. CY - New York DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Amazon SP - 240 LA - English PB - Penguin Books ST - Obliquity ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptive management of an environmental watering event to enhance native fish spawning and recruitment AU - King, A. J. AU - Ward, K. A. AU - O’connor, P. AU - Green, D. AU - Tonkin, Z. AU - Mahoney, J. T2 - Freshwater Biology AB - 1. A common goal of many environmental flow regimes is to maintain and/or enhance the river’s native fish community by increasing the occurrence of successful spawning and recruitment events. However, our understanding of the flow requirements of the early life history of fish is often limited, and hence predicting their response to specific managed flow events is difficult. To overcome this uncertainty requires the use of adaptive management principles in the design, implementation, monitoring and adjustment of environmental flow regimes. 2. The Barmah-Millewa Forest, a large river red gum forest on the Murray River floodplain, south-east Australia, contains a wide variety of ephemeral and permanent aquatic habitats suitable for fish. Flow regulation of the Murray River has significantly altered the natural flood regime of the Forest. In an attempt to alleviate some of the effects of river regulation, the Forest’s water regime is highly managed using a variety of flow control structures and also receives targeted Environmental Water Allocations (EWA). In 2005, the largest environmental flow allocated to date in Australia was delivered at the Forest. 3. This study describes the adaptive management approach employed during the delivery of the 2005 EWA, which successfully achieved multiple ecological goals including enhanced native fish spawning and recruitment. Intensive monitoring of fish spawning and recruitment provided invaluable real-time and ongoing management input for optimising the delivery of environmental water to maximise ecological benefits at Barmah-Millewa Forest and other similar wetlands in the Murray-Darling Basin. 4. We discuss possible scenarios for the future application of environmental water and the need for environmental flow events and regimes to be conducted as rigorous, large-scale experiments within an adaptive management framework. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02178.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 31 LA - en SN - 1365-2427 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02178.x Y2 - 2019/05/03/01:59:37 KW - floodplain river KW - regulated flows ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grounded Theory Method in HCI and CSCW AU - Muller, Michael J AU - Kogan, Sandra CY - Cambridge DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - IBM Center for Social Software UR - http://www.watson.ibm.com/cambridge/Technical_Reports/2010/TR2010.09%20Grounded%20Theory%20Method%20in%20HCI%20and%20CSCW.pdf Y2 - 2016/05/09/14:48:46 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The open book of social innovation AU - Murray, Robin AU - Caulier-Grice, Julie AU - Mulgan, Geoff DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - Young Foundation & NESTA ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Clash of the Counter-bureaucracy and Development AU - Natsios, Andrew AB - In this essay, Andrew Natsios gives a first-hand account of what he finds most hinders USAID—layers of bureaucracy that misguide and derail development work. CY - Washington DC DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - The Center for Global Development UR - http://www.cgdev.org/publication/clash-counter-bureaucracy-and-development Y2 - 2016/09/22/12:50:13 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Quality standards for development evaluation AU - OECD AU - Development Assistance Committee AB - Based on a broad international consultative process, the DAC Quality Standards for Development Evaluation are a reference guide to good practice in development evaluation. With a view to improving the quality of evaluation processes and products, and facilitating collaboration, this reference guide lays out standards for each phase of a typical evaluation process: from defining purpose, to planning, designing, implementing, reporting, and learning from and using evaluation results. CY - Paris, France DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Open WorldCat LA - en PB - OECD SN - 978-92-64-08390-5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264167100-ar Y2 - 2019/11/27/12:01:45 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Power of Positive Deviance AU - Pascale, Richard AU - Sternin, Jerry AU - Sternin, Monique CY - Boston DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 PB - Harvard Business Press ER - TY - BLOG TI - Causal Loop Diagrams: Little Known Analytical Tool | iSixSigma AU - Rushing, William AB - The causal loop diagram is an analytical tool that is seldom used in Six Sigma but nonetheless is still very valuable. It is a foundational tool used in system dynamics, a method of analysis used to develop an understanding of complex systems. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 LA - en-US ST - Causal Loop Diagrams UR - https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/cause-effect/causal-loop-diagrams-little-known-analytical-tool/ Y2 - 2019/02/06/09:44:05 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applying Systems Thinking via Systemigrams™ for Defining the Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering (BKCASE) Project AU - Squires, Alice AU - Pyster, Art AU - Sauser, Brian AU - Olwell, David AU - Enck, Stephanie AU - Gelosh, Don AU - Anthony, Jim T2 - INCOSE International Symposium AB - Systems thinking is commonly accepted as the backbone of a successful systems engineering approach. As such, the Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering (BKCASE) team chose to leverage a systems thinking based tool, called Systemitool, to describe our project to the vast audience that would potentially become involved directly or indirectly in the success of the project. This paper describes the process and steps used by the authors and the BKCASE team to develop the project's systemic diagram, or Systemigram™, and the story behind the project, the products, and the vision of the BKCASE project. The goal of the paper is to provide guidance so that readers can leverage the lessons learned from this effort to successfully develop their own project definitions and stories. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2010.tb01101.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 739 EP - 753 LA - en SN - 2334-5837 UR - https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a522654.pdf Y2 - 2020/10/09/08:43:12 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A New Manifesto AU - STEPS Centre AB - Our Manifesto project publication is available in print, on CD or to view online. Innovation, Sustainability, Development: A New Manifesto recommends new ways of linking science and innovation to development for a more sustainable, equitable and resilient future. The multimedia version, with added audio, video and background documents, is available on CD and online. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - opendocs.ids.ac.uk LA - en PB - STEPS Centre ST - Innovation, Sustainability, Development UR - https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/2446 Y2 - 2018/05/14/10:45:02 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Critical systems heuristics AU - Ulrich, Werner AU - Reynolds, Martin T2 - Systems Approaches to Manging Change: A Practical Guide A2 - Reynolds, Martin A2 - Holwell, Sue AB - This chapter provides a detailed introduction to critical systems heuristics and the use of its central tool boundary critique. What Is CSH? Two Studies in Applying CSH Using CSH as an Intervention Tool: Some Basic Concepts A Core Concept of CSH: Systematic Boundary Critique Boundary Critique Applied to NRUA-Botswana Boundary Critique Applied to ECOSENSUS-Guyana Boundary Critique and Personal Competence Recognising Boundary Judgements – and Keeping Them Fluid Towards a New Ethos of Professional Responsibility CY - London DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 243 EP - 292 PB - Springer UR - http://oro.open.ac.uk/21299/1/systems-approaches_ch6.pdf Y2 - 2018/10/13/00:00:00 ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Upside Down View of Governance A3 - Unsworth, Sue AB - Informal institutions and personalised relationships are usually seen as governance problems. However the research presented in this synthesis paper suggests that they can also be part of the solution... CY - Brighton DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 LA - en PB - Institute of Development Studies UR - http://www.ids.ac.uk/idspublication/an-upside-down-view-of-governance Y2 - 2018/01/15/09:16:47 ER -