@techreport{guerzovich_scaling_2024, address = {Washington DC}, title = {Scaling up {Social} {Accountability} in {Complex} {Governance} {Systems}: {A} {Relational} {Approach} for {Evidencing} {Sustainability}}, url = {http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099248202082451403/IDU143be23531a0f714f561b91515c596de86102}, abstract = {When social accountability interventions scale up and their sustainability depends on the interactions of many agents and system components, related results are rarely observable at the end of an intervention. The 2019 OECD Development Assistance Committee’s (OECD DAC) revamped evaluations criteria for assessing sustainability acknowledges that such results are often emergent, and should be monitored and evaluated with this in mind. It therefore emphasizes a turn towards assessing complex processes prospectively. It also asks evaluations to consider how likely it is that these results are evident at the time they are monitored or evaluated. However,the social accountability field continues to have gaps regarding doing this effectively in practice. This paper presents and provides evidence from testing an innovative operational approach that has promising potential to support this aim - a sequential, relational rubric. This approach can support practitioners to monitor, evaluate and learn about the causal processes of scale up of social accountability interventions with an eye towards sustainability i.e., considering prospective sustainability. It is grounded in systems thinking, co-production and social learning theory, as well as links with collective governance and social contract theory for development. Evidence yielded from the authors’ testing of this approach on a sample of diverse projects from the Global Partnership for Social Accountability (GPSA) program revealed that the alleged ‘absence of evidence’ dilemma of social accountability scale up is due to ill-fitting concepts and methods for assessment. It challenges existing assumptions and findings that claim that social accountabilityprocesses do not scale and are unsustainable. The authors propose that by using fit-for-purpose concepts and methods with a focus on social learning and compromise – also called a ‘resonance pathway to scale’ which this paper discusses in detail – it is possible to observe loosely coordinated scale up processes at work in many (but not all) social accountability interventions and identify tangible evidence of prospective sustainability. An important caveat is that these processes, the outcomes they generate, and the corresponding evidence often look qualitatively different than the original intervention design and predictions for scale-up at that point in time. This is because the process of deliberation and compromise inherent to social accountability work in dynamic local systems introduces changes and new conditions for uptake by diverse actors in the public sector, civil society, and donor institutions. The paper concludes that even relatively small-scale localized projects of three to five years with budgets of less than one million USD, across different contexts and sectors can produce processes and outcomes which contribute to many forms of sustainability, including via scaleup.Furthermore, the cross-fertilization of learning and aggregation of results for scale-up across projects within and beyond the GPSA (and other programs) can help monitoring evaluation and learning (MEL) and social accountability practitioners alike to deliver on a program’s mandate. Doing so can also create new knowledge for the wider social accountability field that siloed interventions, lacking suitable concepts and methods for assessing scale-up and prospective sustainability, often fail to produce. The paper ends with recommendations for taking forward this approach and the associated benefits, implications and required investments.}, urldate = {2024-02-13}, institution = {World Bank}, author = {Guerzovich, Florencia and Wadeson, Alix}, month = jan, year = {2024}, } @misc{woodrow_fast_2023, title = {Fast {Forwarding} to {Systems} {Maps} of {Corruption}: {Getting} to {Usable} {Analysis} {More} {Quickly}}, shorttitle = {Fast {Forwarding} to {Systems} {Maps} of {Corruption}}, url = {https://www.corruptionjusticeandlegitimacy.org/post/fast-forwarding-to-systems-maps-of-corruption-getting-to-usable-analysis-more-quickly}, abstract = {For AC practitioners, systems mapping is essential but also difficult. To lessen obstacles, Peter Woodrow proposes a scaffolded approach. An Experiment in “Fast Forwarding” Drawing upon our near-decade work on corruption, we recently decided to try an experiment: we would present “common patterns” of corruption as tentative models to adapt and add to—rather than try to teach people to do systems mapping from scratch. In this teaching experiment, each common pattern would function as a kind of “scaffolding” or framework that participants can build on to generate a cogent systems map as the basis for identifying possible points of intervention and subsequent program planning.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-10-02}, journal = {CJL}, author = {Woodrow, Peter}, month = jul, year = {2023}, } @techreport{lonsdale_applying_2023, title = {Applying {Adaptive} {Management} in a {Fragile} {Context} – {Case} {Study}}, url = {https://dt-global.com/assets/files/dt-global-applying-adaptive-management-in-fragile-contexts-case-study.pdf}, abstract = {DT Global is proud to introduce our new Guidance Note: Practical Introduction to Adaptive Management There is a growing consensus around adaptive management as an effective (even necessary) approach when programs are tackling complex development problems. While there is no standard definition of adaptive management, there is general agreement that such programs need to routinely engage with and respond to program context; constantly test what works in that context; and adjust approaches, plans, and activities based on continuous learning. However, there remains a more limited body of evidence about what this looks like in practice—the enabling conditions, systems, resourcing, skills, and attitudes to effectively operationalise adaptive management. There is also limited guidance around when adaptive management is required, and to what extent—both critical and often overlooked considerations when planning for successful adaptive management. This Guidance Note draws together lessons and good practice in adaptive management from across DT Global’s diverse portfolio of donor-funded programs. It outlines our conceptual framework for adaptive management, with practical guidance on how it can be applied by our program teams. It is also designed to help our teams distinguish adaptive management from good (non adaptive) project management, consider when adaptive management is most useful on a program, and how adaptive a program (or part of a program) should be.}, urldate = {2023-01-24}, institution = {DT Global}, author = {Lonsdale, Jane and Green, Duncan and Robertson, Kelly}, month = jul, year = {2023}, } @misc{acevedo_new_2023, type = {Better {Evaluation}}, title = {A new pathway: how can funders support meaningful monitoring, evaluation, and learning practice in the field? - {Blog} post on {Better} {Evaluation}}, shorttitle = {A new pathway}, url = {https://www.betterevaluation.org/blog/new-pathway-how-can-funders-support-meaningful-monitoring-evaluation-learning-practice-field}, abstract = {How can donors and grantees work together to create effective monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) practices that drive field-wide transformation?}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-07-04}, author = {Acevedo, Andrea and Colnar, Megan}, month = apr, year = {2023}, } @book{mazzucato_big_2023, title = {The {Big} {Con}: {How} the {Consulting} {Industry} {Weakens} our {Businesses}, {Infantilizes} our {Governments} and {Warps} our {Economies}}, isbn = {978-0-241-57308-2}, shorttitle = {The {Big} {Con}}, abstract = {There is an entrenched relationship between the consulting industry and the way business and government are managed today which must change.Mariana Mazzucato and Rosie Collington show that our economies' reliance on companies such as McKinsey, Boston Consulting Group, Bain \& Company, PwC, Deloitte, KPMG and EY stunts innovation, obfuscates corporate and political accountability and impedes our collective mission of halting climate breakdown.The 'Big Con' describes the confidence trick the consulting industry performs in contracts with hollowed-out and risk-averse governments and shareholder value-maximizing firms. It grew from the 1980s and 1990s in the wake of reforms by both the neoliberal right and Third Way progressives, and it thrives on the ills of modern capitalism, from financialization and privatization to the climate crisis. It is possible because of the unique power that big consultancies wield through extensive contracts and networks - as advisors, legitimators and outsourcers - and the illusion that they are objective sources of expertise and capacity. To make matters worse, our best and brightest graduates are often redirected away from public service into consulting. In all these ways, the Big Con weakens our businesses, infantilizes our governments and warps our economies.Mazzucato and Collington expertly debunk the myth that consultancies always add value to the economy. With a wealth of original research, they argue brilliantly for investment and collective intelligence within all organizations and communities, and for a new system in which public and private sectors work innovatively for the common good. We must recalibrate the role of consultants and rebuild economies and governments that are fit for purpose.}, language = {English}, publisher = {Allen Lane}, author = {Mazzucato, Mariana and Collington, Rosie}, month = feb, year = {2023}, } @techreport{colnar_setting_2023, title = {Setting new standards for better {MEL}. {Lessons} for grantees \& funders}, url = {https://www.betterevaluation.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/Setting%20new%20standards%20for%20better%20MEL.pdf}, abstract = {How can donors and grantees work together to create effective monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) practices that drive field-wide transformation? The Open Society Foundation’s Fiscal Governance Program found success by focusing on six key approaches, including empowering grantees and relinquishing power. In 2021, an external close-out evaluation by Intention to Impact of the program (which ran for 7 years and gave over \$150 million in grants) revealed something pretty remarkable—the program’s deliberate focus on strengthening field-wide monitoring, evaluation, and learning practices was a success. Substantial capacity increases were observed across key institutions and grantees, new complexity-sensitive practices and methods were being actively championed and deployed, and a growing community of better-connected practitioners were exchanging tips and tricks on how to apply smart, context-specific MEL across fiscal governance issues. What’s more, in this evaluation, most grantees gave high praise to these efforts. So, how did this come about? We detail the six different approaches we used in our new publication Setting new standards for better MEL: Lessons for funders and grantees. The approaches range from checking power dynamics to growing skills for evaluative thinking and seeding peer learning and field-wide research. The publication is paired with a toolkit and showcases resources we used and iterated on across the various approaches.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-07-04}, institution = {Better Evaluation}, author = {Colnar, Megan and Azevedo, Andrea and Tolmie, Courtney and Caddick, Hannah}, year = {2023}, } @article{kirk_adaptive_2023, title = {Adaptive {Programming} and going with the grain: {IMAGINE}'s new water governance model in {Goma}, {DRC}}, volume = {n/a}, issn = {1467-7679}, shorttitle = {Adaptive {Programming} and going with the grain}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dpr.12691}, doi = {10.1111/dpr.12691}, abstract = {Motivation This paper explores adaptive approaches to development programmes that aim at improving service provision in underperforming sectors in fragile and conflict affected states (FCAS). It does this through a case study of the Integrated Maji Infrastructure and Governance Initiative for eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo's (IMAGINE) public-private partnership model for water provision. Purpose The processes and decisions that culminated in IMAGINE's model emphasize the need for programming that is culturally and politically aware, responsive to events, learns in real-time, is entrepreneurial, and works with the grain of local institutions to support change. Detailed case studies of such ways of working are crucial for programmes that seek to challenge and reform the status quo in FCAS. Methods and approach The paper is based on 42 semi-structured interviews conducted in the summers of 2019 and 2020. They reflect the broad spectrum of actors – individuals, public authorities, and organisations – involved in IMAGINE's evolution. Findings The narrative focuses on IMAGINE's attempts to professionalise and commercialise Goma's water sector. It shows how as IMAGINE repeatedly adapted to ground realities, it took on the characteristics of a public authority, thereby, engendering backlashes that threated its longer-term goals. However, by revisiting its initial values and logics it was able to get things done and achieve it aims. Policy implications IMAGINE's story suggests that adaptive programmes should put politically savvy local development professionals in key positions and enable them to carefully construct coalitions of allies across the systems they aim to disrupt. This may also require them to revisit and adapt their initial ideas, guiding principles and values as greater understandings of development problems are gained. A pubic authorities lens, attuned to the logics programmes seek to address and introduce to FCAS, may help analysts to foreground the implications of such adaptations.}, language = {en}, number = {n/a}, urldate = {2023-03-24}, journal = {Development Policy Review}, author = {Kirk, Tom and Green, Duncan and Stys, Patrycja and Mosquera, Tom}, year = {2023}, note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dpr.12691}, } @techreport{nixon_right_2023, title = {On the {Right} {Tack}: {Reflections} on {Coalition}-{Building} {Initiatives} across {The} {Asia} {Foundation}}, url = {https://asiafoundation.org/publication/on-the-right-tack-reflections-on-coalition-building-initiatives-across-the-asia-foundation/}, abstract = {Coalitions—groups of organizations and individuals that work together to pursue a common policy goal or reform—are crucial to development. Some of The Asia Foundation’s longest-standing and most successful development programs and portfolios have used coalition-building as an implementation modality. This paper examines successful initiatives in Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Timor-Leste. By delving into each of these, we shed light on this coalition-building modality, sharing insights about how externally supported coalitions emerge and function and contributing ideas about how such support can be adapted to other contexts. We hope that this paper and these case studies contribute to innovations in contemporary development theory and help practitioners use and move beyond some formulaic and technocratic modalities, such as traditional capacity development, knowledge transfer, and technical assistance. People, relationships, and working partnerships can then take center stage, and sustained cooperation will gain primacy over short-term outputs and deliverables.}, language = {en}, institution = {The Asia Foundation}, author = {Nixon, Nicola and Yates, Peter and Saluja, Sumaya and Yi, Su Lae and Lucas, Miranda and Bain, Katherine}, year = {2023}, } @techreport{frazer_integrated_2022, address = {Research Triangle Park, NC}, title = {Integrated {Governance}: {Achieving} {Governance} {Results} and {Contributing} to {Sector} {Outcomes}}, shorttitle = {Integrated {Governance}}, url = {https://www.rti.org/rti-press-publication/integrated-governance}, abstract = {Achieving broad-based socio-economic development requires interventions that bridge disciplines, strategies, and stakeholders. Effective sustained progress requires more than simply an accumulation of sector projects, and poverty reduction, individual wellbeing, community development, and societal advancement do not fall neatly into sectoral categories. However, researchers and practitioners recognize key operational challenges to achieving effective integration that stem from the structures and processes associated with the current practice of international development. Integration calls for the intentional linking of intervention designs, implementation, and evaluation across sectors and disciplines to achieve mutually reinforcing outcomes. In this report, we summarize the results of a study we conducted to explore the challenges facing governance programs that integrate with sector interventions to achieve governance outcomes and contribute to sector outcomes. Through a review of policy documents and project reports from recent integrated governance programs and interviews with donor and practitioner staff, we found three integrated governance programming variants, an emphasis on citizen and government collaboration to improve service delivery, interventions that serve as the glue between sectors, and a balancing act for indicators to measure contribution to sectoral outcomes. Our analysis identified four key success factors: contextual readiness, the application of learning and adapting approaches, donor support, and recognition of the limitations of integrated governance. We then discuss recommendations and implications and for answering the challenge of integrating governance and sector programming to achieve development outcomes.}, language = {en}, number = {RR-0046-2205}, urldate = {2022-07-01}, institution = {RTI Press}, author = {Frazer, Sarah and Granius, Mark and Brinkerhoff, Derick W. and McGregor, Lisa}, month = may, year = {2022}, doi = {10.3768/rtipress.2022.rr.0046.2205}, } @techreport{burge_seeing_2022, address = {Brighton}, title = {Seeing the {Combined} {Effects} of {Aid} {Programmes}}, copyright = {This is an Open Access briefing distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited and any modifications or adaptations are indicated.}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/17391}, abstract = {Multiple aid agencies often try to support change in the same places, at the same time, and with similar actors. Surprisingly, their interactions and combined effects are rarely explored. This Policy Briefing describes findings from research conducted on recent aid programmes that overlapped in Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, and from a webinar with UK Foreign, Commonwealth \& Development Office (FCDO) advisors and practitioners. The research found three distinct categories of ‘interaction effects’: synergy, parallel play, and disconnect. We explore how using an ‘interaction effects’ lens in practice could inform aid agency strategies and programming.}, language = {en}, number = {196}, urldate = {2022-07-01}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Burge, Richard and Nadelman, Rachel and McGee, Rosie and Fox, Jonathan and Anderson, Colin}, month = may, year = {2022}, note = {Accepted: 2022-05-10T09:42:35Z Publisher: Institute of Development Studies}, } @techreport{roberts_key_2022, address = {Bern}, title = {Key {Issues} in {Digitalisation} and {Governance}}, copyright = {Reproduction, copy, transmission, or translation of any part of this publication may be made only under the following conditions: with the prior permission of the publisher; or with a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE, UK, or from another national licensing agency; or • under the terms set out below. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for teaching or nonprofit purposes, but not for resale. Formal permission is required for all such uses, but normally will be granted immediately. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher and a fee may be payable.}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/17557}, abstract = {Digitalisation is perhaps the most important strategic challenge that governance will face over the coming decade. The process is delivering digital dividends as well as new exclusions and injustices, with the rapid but uneven increase in access to mobile and internet technologies transforming how social and economic life takes place. This report highlights the key opportunities and challenges arising from digitalisation.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-06-22}, institution = {SDC}, author = {Roberts, Tony and Hernandez, Kevin and Faith, Becky and Prieto Martin, Pedro}, month = mar, year = {2022}, note = {Accepted: 2022-07-25T11:31:42Z Publisher: SDC Governance Network}, } @article{serpe_nimble_2022, title = {Nimble adaptation: {Tailoring} monitoring, evaluation, and learning methods to provide actionable data in complex environments}, volume = {2022}, issn = {1534-875X}, shorttitle = {Nimble adaptation}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ev.20523}, doi = {10.1002/ev.20523}, abstract = {This chapter examines good practices in implementing effective Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) systems within complex international development Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance (DRG) programs, which are characterized by challenges of non-linearity, limited evidence of theories of change, and contextual and politically contingent nature of outcomes. The chapter presents three cases of MEL systems in complex projects implemented by Pact across distinct and diverse operating contexts – Zimbabwe, Cambodia, and Somalia – to illustrate those projects’ MEL approaches that enabled continuous adaptation. The authors analyze the cases to respond to two questions: (1) What are the key elements of effective adaptive management-focused MEL systems in complex environments? (2) What is practical guidance for designing and enabling complexity-responsive and effective adaptive management-focused MEL systems? The case studies illustrate three key elements: (1) Information gathering that closely links context, research, and performance data; (2) Systems for reflection that offer scheduled learning moments of varying frequency and intensity, as well as multiple feedback mechanisms; and (3) Enabling structures that promote adaptive mindsets and attitudes within project teams.}, language = {en}, number = {176}, urldate = {2023-04-13}, journal = {New Directions for Evaluation}, author = {Serpe, Lauren and Ingram, Mason and Byom, Kate}, year = {2022}, note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ev.20523}, pages = {97--106}, } @techreport{barnes_katrina_understanding_2021, address = {Brighton}, title = {Understanding {Governance} from the {Margins}: {What} {Does} {It} {Mean} {In} {Practice}?}, shorttitle = {Understanding {Governance} from the {Margins}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/16975}, abstract = {What does governance look like ‘from below’ – from the perspectives of poor and marginalised households? How do patterns of conflict affect that? These were the questions at the heart of the Governance at the Margins research project. Over three years from 2017-2020 we worked to explore this through in-depth study in conflict-affected areas of Mozambique, Myanmar, and Pakistan. Our research teams interviewed the same people regularly over that time, finding out how they resolved problems and interacted with authorities. In this paper we connect what we found to the realities and complexities of development practice, drawing on the input of 20 experienced practitioners working in bilateral and multilateral development agencies and international NGOs, who generously gave their time to help us think through the practical implications of our wealth of findings.}, urldate = {2022-01-11}, institution = {Institute of Development Studies (IDS)}, author = {Barnes, Katrina, Katrina, Barnes and Anderson, Colin and de Chassy, Stephanie and Ahmed, Affaf and Ali, Mudabbir and Aung, Myo Min and Chaimite, Egidio and Joshi, Anuradha and Khan, Danyal and Loureiro, Miguel and Posse, Lucio and Rowlands, Jo and Shankland, Alex and Wazir, Rizwan}, month = nov, year = {2021}, doi = {10.19088/A4EA.2021.003}, } @techreport{piron_twenty_2021, address = {London}, title = {Twenty years of {UK} governance programmes in {Nigeria}}, abstract = {This Flagship report analyses 20 years of governance programmes in Nigeria funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) in the North-western states of Jigawa (since 2001), Kano (since 2005) and Kaduna (since 2006), as well as the North-eastern state of Yobe (since 2011). The report’s main research question is whether, how, under what conditions and for whom UK-funded state-level governance programmes in Nigeria have contributed to sustained changes in governance, and related changes in health and education. ... The report concludes with the following recommendations: To international development partners: 1. Invest for the long term – 10 to 20 years – combining support for both state and nonstate actors. 2. Ensure programmes have the strategic-level mandate, managerial capacity and frontline staff skills to pursue politically savvy opportunities. 3. Take PEA to the next level by unpacking causal mechanisms, understanding incentives and designing interventions to make change happen. 4. Give governance programmes the ability to flex between core governance and service delivery issues. 5. Incentivise greater collaboration between governance and sector programmes. 6. Incentivise greater attention to gender, and to social inclusion beyond disability issues, in governance programming. To FCDO: 7. Empower and resource FCDO teams to enable TWP programmes, ensuring decision-making by country teams to respond to local priorities. 8. Re-imagine TWP for FCDO Nigeria, giving implementers the space to operate in TWP ways. 9. Incentivise stronger collaboration between PERL, Lafiya (health programme) and the Partnership for Learning for All in Nigerian Education. 10. Invest in impact data analysis. To partner governments in Nigeria and beyond: 11. Explicitly set out the objectives for which you would like to receive assistance. 12. Use TWP principles to decide how development partners can support your political objectives and the scope for politically-feasible and mutually-beneficial collaboration. 13. Invest in the coordination of development partners. To non-state partners in Nigeria and beyond: 14. Join coalitions to achieve your priorities. 15. Select development partners which can strengthen your skills, not just fund your activities.}, language = {en}, institution = {ODI}, author = {Piron, Laure-Hélène and Cummings, Clare and Williams, Gareth and Derbyshire, Helen and Hadley, Sierd}, month = oct, year = {2021}, pages = {113}, } @misc{nixon_exploring_2021, title = {Exploring a new governance agenda: {What} are the questions that matter?}, url = {https://oxfamapps.org/fp2p/exploring-a-new-governance-agenda-what-are-the-questions-that-matter/}, abstract = {The 100 Questions Initiative, pioneered by the GovLab, seeks to overcome the chasm between supply and demand. It begins not by searching for what data is available, but by asking important questions about the biggest challenges societies and countries face, and then seeking more targeted and relevant data solutions. In doing this, it narrows the gap between policy makers and constituents, providing opportunities for improved evidence-based policy and community engagement in developing countries. As part of this initiative, we seek to define the ten most important questions across several domains, including Migration, Gender, Employment, the Future of Work, and—now–Governance. On this occasion, we invited over 100 experts and practitioners in governance and data science –whom we call “bilinguals”– from various organizations, companies, and government agencies to identify what they see as the most pressing governance questions in their respective domains. Over 100 bilinguals were encouraged to prioritize potential impact, novelty, and feasibility in their questioning — moving toward a roadmap for data-driven action and collaboration that is both actionable and ambitious.}, urldate = {2021-11-09}, journal = {From Poverty to Power}, author = {Nixon, Nicola and Verhulst, Stefaan and Matin, Imran and Vermonte, Philips J.}, month = sep, year = {2021}, } @techreport{sharp_lessons_2021, title = {Lessons learned from {PERL} and partners' response to the {COVID}-19 crisis}, abstract = {The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was confirmed on 27 February 2020, with the first lockdown orders issued on 30 March 2020. The pandemic and resultant containment measures have had farreaching socio-cultural, economic, financial and political implications, globally as well as in Nigeria. For the Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn (PERL) and its partners, the pandemic has required considerable adaptation of their strategic approach and working practices. This report reflects on how COVID-19 changed the operating context for PERL’s partners, how PERL responded and what lessons have been learned across delivery teams. For government partners, the most substantial impacts have been to budgets, struck by falling oil prices and reduced economic activity. Universally, states have had to adjust budgets and reforecast, revising budgets downwards and shifting the focus of expenditure towards healthcare. The World Bank’s State Fiscal Transparency, Accountability and Sustainability (SFTAS) Programme has generated powerful incentives for this budget revision, which PERL has been able to work alongside. A range of new governance structures – such as public response committees and task forces – have been established to deal with various aspects of COVID-19 policy, and PERL has had to grapple to maintain its ongoing engagement with these. For civil society organisations (CSOs), the closure of offices from 30 March 2020 has changed the nature of engagement with government. CSOs often developed innovative approaches to maintaining access, including use of social media and direct calls. But the shift to virtual working has been challenging for many CSOs, both in terms of covering the costs of data for virtual meetings and the risks of disengagement and marginalisation for some organisations. In response to this changed context, from March 2020 PERL began to restrategise. The flexible nature of the programme’s workplans, progress markers and budgets enabled activities to be adjusted in a relatively timely manner, with a new workplan approved by the end of April 2020. Central PERL management developed a COVID-19 response strategy which provided a broad framework for adaptations, but allowed substantial autonomy to state and regional teams to lead on reprioritisation according to their understanding of the local context. This was valued by both management and delivery staff. Challenges manifested themselves more in effectively delivering on these adapted workplans than in the process of restrategising – due to two rounds of budget cuts, the merger of DFID and the FCO to form the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and the difficulties of engaging partners virtually. Overall, the pandemic undoubtedly delayed activities (by roughly three months for deprioritised areas of work), but resulted in an array of new, tailored interventions under its broad categories of work. Interventions relating to the health sector became more prevalent, as did work supporting budget adjustments. Domestic resource mobilisation and education interventions were often adjusted to be more relevant to the COVID context or experienced delay. The report provides short illustrative case studies of PERL’s adaptations to: support budget revisions; work with media partners on COVID-19 sensitisation; tracking and advocacy for palliative distribution; and support for the introduction of tax relief. There is some evidence, albeit partial, that PERL was able to take advantage of windows of opportunity offered by the pandemic to drive ahead with certain ongoing reform initiatives.}, language = {en}, institution = {PERL Programme}, author = {Sharp, Samuel and Nwachukwu, Tochukwu and Srivatsa, Sripriya Iyengar}, month = mar, year = {2021}, pages = {39}, } @techreport{worker_guide_2021, address = {Washington DC}, type = {Working {Paper}}, title = {A {Guide} to {Assessing} the {Political} {Economy} of {Domestic} {Climate} {Change} {Governance}}, url = {https://www.wri.org/publication/guide-assessing-political-economy-domestic-climate-change-governance}, abstract = {This paper discusses how understanding the domestic political economy of climate governance is critical for developing informed strategies to build and sustain political ambition. It provides guidance and a methodology for domestic stakeholders to determine the types of institutional reforms, incentives, coalitions, and policy design that can entrench long-term political support for climate ambition. The assessment can also help users identify political barriers to more equitable climate action and identify reforms that may strengthen inclusion and accountability. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Highlights ▪ There is overwhelming evidence of the social, economic, and environmental case to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rapidly scale up adaptation. Yet, despite a proliferation of climate laws and policies over the last 10–15 years, emissions are still rising, and adaptation needs remain urgent. ▪ This calls for a more sophisticated assessment of the political economy factors that may enable or constrain implementation of policies and actions and sustain political commitment at the country level. ▪ This guide offers an assessment methodology to understand how structural factors, rules and norms, stakeholders and interests, and ideas and narratives influence the political economy of climate action in a given country context. ▪ The methodology was developed on the basis of climate policy, governance, and political economy literature with contributions from subject matter experts. ▪ We intend the assessment to support civil society coalitions, reform-minded civil servants and politicians, international organizations, and other stakeholders. ▪ The resulting analysis should deepen the understanding of context while informing the advocacy, policy design, coalition building, capacity building, and communications of domestic stakeholders.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-03-23}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, author = {Worker, Jesse and Palmer, Niki}, month = mar, year = {2021}, } @techreport{un_global_compact_uniting_2021, title = {Uniting {Against} {Corruption} - {A} {Playbook} on {Anti}-{Corruption} {Collective} {Action}}, url = {https://ungc-communications-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/publications/2021_Anti-Corruption_Collective.pdf}, abstract = {The 2021 guide provides an easy-to-follow six-step approach on how to develop, implement, and sustain a CA, with respect to the reader’s local corruption landscape and potential stakeholders. The adaptive framework proposed can be used to address corruption challenges, mitigate possible business risks, and achieve optimal results.}, urldate = {2022-07-01}, institution = {UN Global Compact}, author = {UN Global Compact}, year = {2021}, } @misc{aston_whither_2020, title = {W(h)ither sanctions?}, url = {https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/whither-sanctions-thomas-aston/}, abstract = {Considerations on where and when sanctions fit into the conception of social accountability is a nudge toward better and more granular descriptions of what work is being undertaken effectively in which situations.}, journal = {Thomas Aston LinkedIn pulse}, author = {Aston, Tom}, month = aug, year = {2020}, } @techreport{tyrrel_uncertainty_2020, title = {Uncertainty and {COVID}-19: {A} turning point for {Monitoring} {Evaluation}, {Research} and {Learning}? - {A} discussion note for aid actors, policymakers and practitioners}, url = {https://abtassocgovernancesoapbox.files.wordpress.com/2020/05/200514-uncertainty-and-covid19-a-turning-point-for-merl-final.pdf}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly shifted the context in which aid and development is being delivered. The global scale of the pandemic and the speed at which it is spreading mean that the ‘normal’ economic, ideological and organisational influences which shape (if not determine) aid delivery are in flux. This means that – for a relatively short-period – there is scope for aid actors to work collectively to embed more locally-led, politically-informed and adaptive forms of MERL in aid and development practice. These forms of Monitoring Evaluation Research and Learning (MERL) are not only well-suited to the current global pandemic. They also offer ways for aid program decision makers and practitioners to make sense of the complex and uncertain contexts in which much development work takes place. Applying locally-led, politically-informed and adaptive forms of MERL in the COVID-19 context and beyond requires a shift in mindset and approaches. Situations of complexity, in which it is difficult to predict the relationships between cause and effect, do not lend themselves to linear approaches and fixed indicators. Instead, they require ‘navigation by judgement’, ongoing learning and adaptation and greater privileging of local knowledge, and of the perspectives of those who are often excluded. Rather than being focused on upwards accountability, simple numbers and good news stories, the core function of MERL in this context is to support a better understanding – in real-time – of the changing operating context, to generate learning about the immediate impact of policy and program responses and their longer-term effects, and to inform decision making by front line staff. Whether the opportunities afforded by this ‘critical juncture’ are realised will depend on the degree to which those in the aid and development sector use this opportunity to promote a shift in the deep incentive structures within which development agencies are embedded. On the one hand, the pandemic underscores the limits of the linear understandings of change which underpin many orthodox approaches to planning, design and associated MERL. On the other hand, there is a vested interest in the status quo amongst many organisations, consultants, researchers and MERL practitioners. This is because approaches which promote locally-led development inevitably require those in power to relinquish control. While a range of factors make this shift difficult, there is more scope to change internal ways of working in development agencies than is commonly acknowledged. There is no time like the present to advocate for a ‘new normal’ for MERL.}, urldate = {2020-10-15}, institution = {Abt Associates}, author = {Tyrrel, Lavinia and Roche, Chris and Jackson, Elisabeth}, month = may, year = {2020}, } @techreport{anderson_how_2020, type = {Working {Paper}}, title = {How {Do} {Donor}-led {Empowerment} and {Accountability} {Activities} {Take} {Scale} into {Account}? {Evidence} from {DFID} {Programmes} in {Contexts} of {Fragility}, {Conflict} and {Violence}}, copyright = {This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited and any modifications or adaptations are indicated.}, shorttitle = {How {Do} {Donor}-led {Empowerment} and {Accountability} {Activities} {Take} {Scale} into {Account}?}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/15211}, abstract = {Development donors invest significantly in governance reform, including in contexts characterised by conflict and fragility. However, there is relatively little comparative study of their change strategies, and little understanding of what works and why. This paper explores the strategies of six recent DFID-funded programmes in Mozambique, Myanmar, and Pakistan with empowerment and accountability aims. Document review and field interviews are used to analyse the application of multi-scalar or multi-level change strategies, since such approaches are hypothesised to potentially generate more leverage for public accountability reforms. Analysis suggests that these strategies can strengthen citizen ability to navigate governance systems to resolve problems and claim accountability, and can bolster pro-accountability coalitions’ internal solidarity and external legitimacy. Multi-level strategies also appear associated with establishing more significant pressure for reform than exclusively local or national approaches. Yet conventional project reporting focuses on counting activities and outputs rather than analysing the dynamic, interactive processes at work in these strategies, and few evaluations are publicly accessible. To fully understand what kinds of action strengthen citizen demands for accountability requires a more transparent and rigorous approach to learning from donor-led governance interventions.}, language = {en}, number = {536}, urldate = {2020-08-25}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Anderson, Colin and Fox, Jonathan and Gaventa, John}, month = apr, year = {2020}, } @techreport{loureiro_governance_2020, address = {Brighton}, title = {Governance {Diaries}: {An} {Approach} to {Governance} {Research} from the {Ground} {Up}}, copyright = {This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited and any modifications or adaptations are indicated. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode}, shorttitle = {Governance {Diaries}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/15119}, abstract = {Research on empowerment and accountability tends to focus on collective action and its potential for empowering citizens undertaking the action and on achieving state accountability. In fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS) collective action is rare and risky. So how do citizens, particularly the chronically poor and most marginalised, interact and make claims on the different public authorities that exist in these settings, and how do these interactions contribute to citizens’ sense of empowerment and accountability? Given the current agenda of ‘leave no one behind’, an understanding of how such populations interact with public authorities to meet their governance needs can help identify the constraints to achieving development for all in these challenging settings. We developed ‘governance diaries,’ a cross between a panel survey and multi-sited ethnographies, as an iterative approach to capture their experiences around governance issues over time. We explain here how this approach works, and the challenges and opportunities it offers for research.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-10-01}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Loureiro, Miguel and Joshi, Anuradha and Barnes, Katrina and Chaimite, Egídio}, month = feb, year = {2020}, } @techreport{ho_hidden_2020, title = {The {Hidden} {Life} of {Theories} of {Change}}, url = {https://www.hivos.org/assets/2020/09/The-Hidden-Life-of-Theories-of-Change.pdf}, abstract = {Theory of Change is thought to be very useful for learning and adaptive management of complex interventions such as advocacy. Nevertheless, the use of Theory of Change is also under critique. One common criticism is that Theory of Change is often used as a framework that fixes agreements rather than as a living, guiding tool that helps reflection and adaptation. However, while such criticism stresses forms of control, little research has looked at the way Theory of Change and advocacy practice relate. This is a pertinent issue considering that formally agreed Theories of Change and realities on the ground can be very different. This raises questions: Do advocates work in ways different from what Theory of Change states, and if so, how, and why? How does the way they strategize relate to formal Theories of Change? With what implications? In this brief, we explore these more hidden aspects of the life of Theories of Change.}, urldate = {2020-10-15}, institution = {Hivos}, author = {Ho, Wenny and Tamas, Peter and van Wessel, Margit}, year = {2020}, } @techreport{pena-lopez_theory_2020, address = {Barcelona}, title = {A {Theory} of {Change} of citizen participation: an update}, shorttitle = {A {Theory} of {Change} of citizen participation}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/42805069/A_Theory_of_Change_of_citizen_participation_an_update}, abstract = {when it was reduced to a subsidiary internal service lacking all kind of political attributions. The work done in those years had been formidable, but too many things had passed since, especially the 15M Spanish Indignados Movement, the raise of technopolitics… and the raise of populism and fascism all across Europe. We urgently needed a theoretical framework in which to substantiate our political strategy, so I came up with a Theory of Change of citizen participation (see Figure 1) which defined four expected impacts of our political action: 1. Efficiency, efficacy and legitimacy of public decisions improves. 2. Populism has decreased in institutions and the public sphere. 3. Citizens understand the complexity of public decision-making. 4. Citizen participation and political engagement clearly shifts towards a technopolitical paradigm. These impacts were expected to be achieved after some outcomes resulting from some outputs grouped in five programmes: 1. Programme of citizen participation. 2. Programme of internal participation. 3. Programme of collaboration. 4. Programme of intermediaries, facilitators and infomediaries. 5. Programme of e-participation, e-voting and technopolitics. 20 months after, the Theory of Change of Citizen Participation has worked quite well. But it does have some limitations, especially at the operational level-which is what the whole thing was about, to help in putting some order in our daily work.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-10-15}, institution = {ICTlogy}, author = {Peña-López, Ismael}, year = {2020}, } @techreport{poirrier_measuring_2020, address = {Washington DC}, title = {Measuring {Governance}, {Advocacy} and {Power}: {A} {Database} of {Existing} {Indicators}, {Tools} and {Indices}}, shorttitle = {Measuring {Governance}, {Advocacy} and {Power}}, url = {https://r4d.org/resources/measuring-governance-advocacy-and-power/}, abstract = {Measuring Governance, Advocacy, and Power is an excel sheet that brings together existing indicators, tools, and indices that may be useful to practitioners responsible for the measurement of outcomes in the field of governance, advocacy, and power in an easily accessible and filterable format.}, language = {English}, urldate = {2021-03-30}, institution = {R4D}, author = {Poirrier, Caroline and Tolmie, Courtney}, year = {2020}, } @techreport{von_schiller_applying_2020, address = {Bonn}, title = {Applying {Rigorous} {Impact} {Evaluation} in {GIZ} {Governance} {Programmes}: {Results} of a {GIZ} {Initiative} on {Impacts} in {Governance}}, url = {https://www.idos-research.de/uploads/media/giz2021-0020en-rigorous-impact-evaluation-giz-governance-programmes-results.pdf}, abstract = {Pressure is mounting on international development cooperation agencies to prove the impact of their work. Private and public commissioners as well as the general public are increasingly asking for robust evidence of impact. In this context, rigorous impact evaluation (RIE) methods are increasingly receiving attention within the broader German development system and in GIZ. Compared to other implementing agencies such as DFID or USAid, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH has so far relatively little experience in systematically applying rigorous methods of impact evaluation. This is particularly true in the governance sector. In order to gain more experience and to understand which methods and formats are best suited for GIZ governance programmes, the Governance and Conflict division and the Africa department launched the ‘Impact Initiative Africa’ in 2016, a cooperative effort with several programmes in Africa. The Initiative set out to apply the experiences from GIZ governance programmes to design and conduct RIEs, and to use the results to steer programme implementation. Initially, the Initiative included three countries: Benin (Programme for Decentralisation and Local Development), Malawi (Support to Public Financial and Economic Management) and Mozambique (Good Financial Governance in Mozambique). During its implementation, the Initiative also benefitted from the experience of two additional governance programmes which had already undertaken RIEs, namely Peru (Citizen-oriented State Reform Programme) and Pakistan (Support to Local Governance Programme II). This report summarizes the insights gained from these experiences and discusses opportunities and limitations regarding the use and usability of RIEs in GIZ governance programmes as well as proposals on how to organise RIEs to maximise learning potential and benefits for the specific programmes and the GIZ Governance sector at large.}, urldate = {2023-03-28}, institution = {GIZ GmbH}, author = {von Schiller, Armin}, year = {2020}, } @techreport{von_schiller_rigorous_2020, address = {GIZ}, title = {Rigorous {Impact} {Evaluation} in {GIZ} {Governance} {Programmes}}, url = {https://www.idos-research.de/uploads/media/giz2021-0019en-rigorous-impact-evaluation-giz-governance-programmes_01.pdf}, abstract = {Why should I integrate an impact assessment in my programme? How will the programme benefit from it? Are the benefits worth the effort and expenses? How do I design and implement it in detail? Who is addressable for support? What should I pay attention to in order to get the most out of it? This note is meant to answer these questions. It addresses leaders and project staff of governance programmes who are interested in using this tool within their specific governance programme or project. This note provides a guideline and good practice recommendations on how to design and conduct an impact assessment and on how to fully utilise the benefits of the results for the programme and for communication with commissioners, partners and other donors. Additionally, this note will point to indirect benefits that can arise and that should not be ignored. Results of impact assessments are highly relevant for the GIZ as an institution. However, in this note we stress the benefits for the programme or project itself. In particular this note addresses the following aspects: • What are rigorous impact assessments and why should GIZ Governance programmes conduct them more often within their programmes? • Which phases does an impact assessment include? How do I set one up and which aspects deserve special attention in each phase to maximise the benefits for my programme? • What are the benefits I can expect from implementing and impact assessment? • Whom to ask at headquarters in case I need support? This note complements the policy brief “Strategic use of Rigorous Impact Evaluation” and the corporate strategic review on “Rigorous Impact Evaluation” written by the GIZ evaluation unit which focuses on the strategic use of rigorous impact evaluations (RIE) at GIZ. Based on the review findings, the policy brief presents recommendations for strategic planning and implementation of purpose-sensitive RIE using a number of key levers. By adopting central coordination and needs-based support mechanisms, the evaluation unit intends to promote the strategic use of RIE for evidence-based learning and decision-making within the organisation.}, urldate = {2023-03-28}, institution = {Bonn}, author = {von Schiller, Armin}, year = {2020}, } @book{elstub_handbook_2019, title = {Handbook of {Democratic} {Innovation} and {Governance}}, isbn = {978-1-78643-386-2}, abstract = {Democratic innovations are proliferating in politics, governance, policy, and public administration. These new processes of public participation are reimagining the relationship between citizens and institutions. This Handbook advances understanding of democratic innovations, in theory and practice, by critically reviewing their importance throughout the world. The overarching themes are a focus on citizens and their relationship to these innovations, and the resulting effects on political equality. The Handbook therefore offers a definitive overview of existing research on democratic innovations, while also setting the agenda for future research and practice.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Elstub, Stephen and Escobar, Oliver}, month = dec, year = {2019}, note = {Google-Books-ID: P7bEDwAAQBAJ}, keywords = {Democracy, Public Affairs \& Administration}, } @incollection{destree_scrambling_2019, title = {Scrambling after {Moving} {Targets}: {Monitoring} \& {Evaluation} {Applied} to {Adaptive} {Management} {Approaches} in {Peacebuilding}}, url = {https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786612458/New-Directions-in-Peacebuilding-Evaluation}, abstract = {In this landmark collection, the voices of pathMakers and innovators in peacebuilding evaluation are assembled to provide new direction for the field.}, language = {en-us}, urldate = {2022-06-17}, booktitle = {New {Directions} in {Peacebuilding} {Evaluation}}, publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield}, author = {Woodrow, Peter and Jean, Isabella}, editor = {d’Estrée, Tamra Pearson}, month = nov, year = {2019}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @techreport{peixoto_citizen_2019, address = {Washington DC}, title = {Citizen engagement: emerging digital technologies create new risks and value}, url = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32495}, abstract = {The recent rapid evolution of digital technologies has been changing behaviors and expectations in countries around the world. These shifts make it the right time to pose the key question this paper explores: Will digital technologies, both those that are already widespread and those that are still emerging, have substantial impacts on the way citizens engage and the ways through which power is sought, used, or contested? The authors address this question both to mitigate some of the World Bank’s operational risks, and to initiate a conversation with peers about how those risks might require policy shifts. The overall framing question also is being explored in case theapproaches to citizen engagement advocated by the World Bank are changing and may require different advice for client countries. Despite the lower technology penetration levels in developing countries, their more malleable governance contexts may be more influenced by the effects of emerging technologies than older states with greater rigidity. Digitally influencedcitizen engagement is, in short, one of those “leapfrog” areas in which developing nations may exploit technologies before the wealthier parts of the world. But countries can leapfrog to worse futures, not just better ones. This paper explores what technology might mean for engagement, makespredictions, and offers measures for governments to consider.}, urldate = {2019-10-14}, institution = {World Bank}, author = {Peixoto, Tiago and Steinberg, Tom}, month = oct, year = {2019}, } @techreport{green_adaptive_2019, address = {Brighton}, title = {Adaptive {Programming} in {Fragile}, {Conflict} and {Violence}-{Affected} {Settings}, {What} {Works} and {Under} {What} {Conditions}?: {The} {Case} of {Institutions} for {Inclusive} {Development}, {Tanzania}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14562}, abstract = {Adaptive Management involves a dynamic interaction between three elements: delivery, programming and governance. This case study focuses on a large DfID governance project, the Institutions for Inclusive Development (I4ID), a five-year initiative in Tanzania. The study forms part of a research project to examine whether and how adaptive approaches can strengthen aid projects promoting empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS). The research examines some of the assertions around the adaptive management approach and explores if and how adaptive approaches, including rapid learning and planning responses (fast feedback loops and agile programming) are particularly relevant and useful for citizen empowerment and government accountability (E\&A) in FCVAS.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-08-02}, institution = {Itad, Oxfam and IDS}, author = {Green, Duncan and Guijt, Irene}, month = jul, year = {2019}, keywords = {A4EA, Adaptive Development, Economy, Fishery}, } @techreport{aina_beyond_2019, address = {Brighton}, type = {{IDS} {Working} {Paper}}, title = {Beyond {Tweets} and {Screams}: {Action} for {Empowerment} and {Accountability} in {Nigeria} – {The} {Case} of the \#{BBOG} {Movement}}, copyright = {This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited and any modifications or adaptations are indicated. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode}, shorttitle = {Beyond {Tweets} and {Screams}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14559}, abstract = {This paper explores the nature, role and dynamics of new forms of social and political action as pathways to empowerment and accountability in fragile conflict- and violence-affected settings in Africa. Through an in-depth analysis of the case of the Bring Back Our Girls (\#BBOG) movement in Nigeria and a multi-methods approach, the paper provides new knowledge that addresses evidence gaps in the following areas: (1) the multiple ways through which social and political action play out in fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings; (2) whether the conditions in which new forms of social and political action applicable to fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings – the settings most dominant in African countries – emerge as currently projected in the literature; and (3) whether these social and political actions necessarily produce accountability and empowerment in fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings. Although often expressed as contentious and/or unruly politics, experiences from the BBOG movement suggest that the new forms of social and political action possess a wide range of implications for citizen action and governance, including leading to multiple forms of empowerment in fragile settings.}, language = {en}, number = {529}, urldate = {2019-08-08}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Aina, Tade Akin and Atela, Martin and Ojebode, Ayo and Dayil, Plangsat and Aremu, Fatai}, month = jun, year = {2019}, } @techreport{christie_case_2019, address = {Brighton}, title = {The {Case} for an {Adaptive} {Approach} to {Empowerment} and {Accountability} {Programming} in {Fragile} {Settings}: {Synthesis} report}, shorttitle = {Adaptive {Programming} in {Fragile}, {Conflict} and {Violence}-{Affected} {Settings}, {What} {Works} and {Under} {What} {Conditions}?}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14556}, abstract = {Fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS) are messy and ambiguous contexts in which to plan and implement development initiatives. To work there, external actors are increasingly adopting an adaptive approach to empowerment and accountability (E\&A) programming, whatever the setting. This means using a compass rather than map, where real-time political economy analysis (PEA) in relation to context and programme monitoring and evidence-informed learning in relation to intervention are used in combination and in shorter-than-usual planning cycles to maintain and adapt strategic direction. This paper brings together three case studies of large Department for International Development (DFID) governance projects in Myanmar, Nigeria and Tanzania.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-08-02}, institution = {Itad, Oxfam and IDS}, author = {Christie, Angela and Green, Duncan}, month = jun, year = {2019}, keywords = {A4EA, Adaptive Development, Economy, Fishery}, } @techreport{nadelman_how_2019, address = {Brighton}, title = {How {Does} the {World} {Bank} {Build} {Citizen} {Engagement} {Commitments} into {Project} {Design}? {Results} from {Pilot} {Assessments} in {Mozambique}, {Myanmar}, {Nigeria}, and {Pakistan}}, copyright = {This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited and any modifications or adaptations are indicated. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode}, shorttitle = {How {Does} the {World} {Bank} {Build} {Citizen} {Engagement} {Commitments} into {Project} {Design}?}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14449}, abstract = {How and to what degree is the World Bank putting its new institutional citizen engagement (CE) commitments into practice? This question guides an independent assessment that the Accountability Research Center (ARC) at American University has undertaken as part of the Institute of Development Studies-led Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme’s investigation into how external actors can best support local processes of and conditions for empowerment and accountability. This report investigates the World Bank’s incorporation of CE into project design, the critical early stage of donor engagement. To accomplish this, ARC reviewed the World Bank’s fiscal year 2015–17 investment project portfolios for four A4EA priority countries, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan, which covers 57 projects that range from US\$19 million to U\$600 million. The analysis determines whether projects commit to seeking a strategic approach to CE, which involves combining multiple tactics so that the whole could be greater than the sum of the parts. This assessment of CE commitments is intended to help to inform possible national, civil society organisation strategies to monitor whether and how these commitments are actually implemented in practice.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2019-04-17}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Nadelman, Rachel and Le, Ha and Sah, Anjali}, month = apr, year = {2019}, } @misc{gaventa_5_2019, title = {5 {Emerging} {Lessons} from new research into {Empowerment} and {Accountability} in {Messy} {Places}}, url = {https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/5-emerging-lessons-from-new-research-into-empowerment-and-accountability-in-messy-places/}, abstract = {Research guru John Gaventa summarizes the emerging lessons from a new research programme on 'action for empowerment and accountability' in messy places}, language = {en-GB}, urldate = {2019-03-15}, journal = {From Poverty to Power}, author = {Gaventa, John}, month = mar, year = {2019}, } @article{carlisle_polycentric_2019, title = {Polycentric {Systems} of {Governance}: {A} {Theoretical} {Model} for the {Commons}}, volume = {47}, issn = {1541-0072}, shorttitle = {Polycentric {Systems} of {Governance}}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/psj.12212}, doi = {10.1111/psj.12212}, abstract = {Polycentricity is a fundamental concept in commons scholarship that connotes a complex form of governance with multiple centers of semiautonomous decision making. If the decision-making centers take each other into account in competitive and cooperative relationships and have recourse to conflict resolution mechanisms, they may be regarded as a polycentric governance system. In the context of natural resource governance, commons scholars have ascribed a number of advantages to polycentric governance systems, most notably enhanced adaptive capacity, provision of good institutional fit for natural resource systems, and mitigation of risk on account of redundant governance actors and institutions. Despite the popularity of the concept, systematic development of polycentricity, including its posited advantages, is lacking in the commons literature. To build greater clarity and specificity around the concept, we develop a theoretical model of a polycentric governance system with a focus on the features necessary or conducive for achieving the functioning predicted by commons scholars. The model is comprised of attributes, which constitute the definitional elements, and enabling conditions, which specify additional institutional features for achieving functionality in the commons. The model we propose takes the concept a step further toward specificity without sacrificing the generality necessary for contextual application and further development.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2022-05-04}, journal = {Policy Studies Journal}, author = {Carlisle, Keith and Gruby, Rebecca L.}, year = {2019}, note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/psj.12212}, pages = {927--952}, } @techreport{gaventa_empowerment_2019, address = {Brighton}, title = {Empowerment and {Accountability} in difficult settings: {What} are we learning?}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}, shorttitle = {Empowerment and {Accountability} in {Difficult} {Settings}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/14756}, abstract = {Empowerment and Accountability in Difficult Settings: What Are We Learning? Key Messages Emerging from the Action for Empowerment and Accountability Programme Empowerment and accountability have long been part of the international development vocabulary and a core part of governance, social development and civil society programmes. Yet, much of what has been learnt about these approaches has been drawn from studies in somewhat stable, open and middle-income places around the world. Less is known about how empowerment and accountability are achieved through social and political action in more difficult settings – those faced by institutional fragility, conflict, violence, and closing civic space. This document highlights key messages emerging from the work of the Action for Empowerment and Accountability Research Programme (A4EA), and the implications for how donors, policy makers and practitioners support strategies for empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings (FCVAS). Our eight key messages have strong implications for the theories of change used for effective programming in the field.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2019-12-19}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Gaventa, John and Oswald, Katy}, year = {2019}, } @techreport{punton_adaptive_2018, address = {Brighton}, title = {Adaptive {Programming} in {Fragile}, {Conflict} and {Violence}-{Affected} {Settings}, {What} {Works} and {Under} {What} {Conditions}?: {The} {Case} of {PERL}, {Nigeria}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/14148}, abstract = {This paper examines adaptive approaches to aid programming in Nigeria. Through field research and desk reviews, we have investigated some of the assertions around the ‘adaptive management and programming’ approach, which has arisen in recent years as a response to critiques of overly rigid, pre-designed, blueprint and linear project plans. This is the second of three case studies in a series which explore if and how adaptive approaches, including rapid learning and planning responses, are particularly relevant and useful for promoting empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings (FCVAS). This case study focuses on PERL (Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn) in Nigeria, a five-year governance programme (2016-21) with a total budget of £100 million. It aims to promote better service delivery through bringing together government and citizens groups to collectively address governance challenges. PERL is viewed by DFID as the final stage of a 20-year investment, building on learning, experience and partnerships from 15 years of DFID-funded governance programming in Nigeria. It was designed to incorporate learning and adaptation through a ‘living’ theory of change, continuous political economy analysis at different levels, adaptive implementation by location-based delivery teams who are encouraged to be flexible and let partners take the lead, regular learning and reflection, and adaptive resourcing, HR and administrative systems. The case study draws on a conceptual framework (the ‘adaptive triangle’) that looks at three types of adaptation – adaptive management, adaptive programming and adaptive delivery – and the interconnections and tensions between them.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2019-02-04}, institution = {Itad, Oxfam and IDS}, author = {Punton, Melanie and Burge, Richard}, month = nov, year = {2018}, keywords = {A4EA, Adaptive Development, Economy, Fishery}, } @techreport{rumbul_parliament_2018, title = {Parliament and the people}, copyright = {cc-by-3.0}, url = {http://research.mysociety.org/publications/parliament-and-people}, abstract = {How digital technologies are shaping democratic information flow in Sub-Saharan Africa}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-11-22}, author = {Rumbul, Rebecca and Moulder, Gemma and Parsons, Alex}, month = nov, year = {2018}, } @misc{carothers_revisiting_2018, title = {Revisiting the {Foundational} {Assumptions} of {Fiscal} {Transparency} and {Accountability} {Work}}, url = {https://www.internationalbudget.org/2018/11/revisiting-fiscal-transparency-accountability-foundational-assumptions/}, abstract = {The Fiscal Futures team recently updated the foundational assumptions of fiscal transparency and accountability work to fit today’s world. Learn more.}, language = {en-US}, urldate = {2018-11-23}, journal = {International Budget Partnership}, author = {Carothers, Thomas and Brechenmacher, Saskia}, month = nov, year = {2018}, } @techreport{franco_guidelines_2018, address = {Brighton}, title = {Guidelines for designing and monitoring social accountability interventions}, language = {en}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Franco, Erika Lopez and Shankland, Alex}, month = aug, year = {2018}, pages = {26}, } @techreport{christie_adaptive_2018, address = {Brighton}, title = {Adaptive {Programming} in {Fragile}, {Conflict} and {Violence}-{Affected} {Settings}, {What} {Works} and {Under} {What} {Conditions}?: {The} {Case} of {Pyoe} {Pin}, {Myanmar}}, shorttitle = {Adaptive {Programming} in {Fragile}, {Conflict} and {Violence}-{Affected} {Settings}, {What} {Works} and {Under} {What} {Conditions}?}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13888}, abstract = {This paper examines adaptive approaches in aid programming in a fragile, conflict and violence-affected setting (FCVAS), namely Myanmar. A combination of desk review and field research has been used to examine some of the assertions around the ‘adaptive management’ approach, which has arisen in recent years as a response to critiques of overly rigid, pre-designed, blue-print and linear project plans. This paper explores if and how adaptive approaches, including rapid learning and planning responses (fast feedback loops and agile programming) are particularly relevant and useful for promoting empowerment and accountability in such ‘messy places’. This case study focuses on Pyoe Pin (‘Young Shoots’), a DFID-funded, British Council managed governance programme, which has been running since 2007.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-08-02}, institution = {Itad, Oxfam and IDS}, author = {Christie, Angela and Green, Duncan}, month = jul, year = {2018}, keywords = {A4EA, Adaptive Development, Economy, Fishery}, } @techreport{rudiger_state_2018, address = {https://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/state-of-the-field-review-fiscal-transparency-and-accountability}, title = {State of the {Field} {Review}: {Fiscal} {Transparency} and {Accountability}}, language = {en}, institution = {International Budget Partnership}, author = {Rudiger, Anja}, month = jun, year = {2018}, pages = {34}, } @techreport{amakom_doing_2018, address = {Abuja}, title = {Doing {Accountability} {Differently}: {A} '{Vertically} {Integrated}' {Approach}}, url = {https://www.christianaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/2018-03/Doing-Accountability-Differently-V2P-Governance-January2018.pdf}, urldate = {2019-03-06}, institution = {Christian Aid}, author = {Amakom, Uzochukwu and Fashola, Temitope and Gay, Charles and Shutt, Cathy}, month = jan, year = {2018}, } @techreport{edwards_supporting_2018, address = {Brighton}, title = {Supporting innovation and the use of technologies in accountability initiatives: lessons from {Making} {All} {Voices} {Count}}, copyright = {Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 UK: England \& Wales}, shorttitle = {Supporting innovation and the use of technologies in accountability initiatives}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13451}, abstract = {Making All Voices Count was an international initative that harnessed the power of innovation and new technologies to support effective, accountable governance. Focusing on six countries in Africa and Asia, the programme was implemented by a consortium of implementing partners, and used funding from four donors to make grants to support new ideas that amplified the voices of citizens, and enabled governments to listen and respond. From the start, Making All Voices Count was also a learning programme. The objective of this learning was not only to bring about change during the programme’s life cycle, but also to leave a legacy that would help to ensure that future governance programmes and initiatives seeking to capitalise on the transformative potential of innovation and technology are more informed, inclusive and impactful. This programme learning report emerged from a wider process of analysing, discussing and synthesising the data and learning from the programme, which wove together evidence-based learning about technology for accountable governance initiatives with experiential learning on how best to support such work. The report highlights five of the lessons learned from Making All Voices Count about how – and how not – to run large, complex programmes that intend to support innovation in governance.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-03-23}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Edwards, Duncan and Hudson, Hannah and Anderson, Colin and McGee, Rosemary and Brock, Karen}, month = jan, year = {2018}, } @techreport{mcgee_appropriating_2018, address = {Brighton}, type = {{MAVC} {Research} {Report}}, title = {Appropriating technology for accountability: messages from {Making} {All} {Voices} {Count}}, copyright = {Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 UK: England \& Wales}, shorttitle = {Appropriating technology for accountability}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13452}, abstract = {Making All Voices Count was a programme designed to solve the ‘grand challenge’ of creating more effective democratic governance and accountability around the world. It used funding from four donors to support the development and spread of innovative ideas for solving governance problems – many of them involving tools and platforms based on mobile phone and web technologies. Between 2013 and 2017, the programme made grants for innovation and scaling projects that aimed to amplify the voices of citizens and enable governments to listen and respond. It also conducted research and issued research grants to explore the roles that technology can play in securing responsive, accountable government and building an evidence base. This synthesis report reviews the Making All Voices Count’s four-and-a-half years of operational experience and learning. It shares 14 key messages on the roles technologies can play in enabling citizen voice and accountable and responsive governance. These messages are presented in four sections: (1) Applying technologies as technical fixes to solve service delivery problems; (2) Applying technologies to broader, systemic governance challenges ; (3) Applying technologies to build the foundations of democratic and accountable governance systems; (4) Applying technologies for the public ‘bad’, when tech can be dangerous for democracy. The tech optimism of the era in which the programme was conceived can now be reappraised from the better-informed vantage point of hindsight. Making All Voices Count’s wealth of diverse and grounded experience and documentation provides an evidence base that should enable a more sober and mature position of tech realism as the field of tech for accountable governance continues to evolve.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-03-23}, institution = {IDS}, author = {McGee, Rosemary and Edwards, Duncan and Hudson, Hannah and Anderson, Colin and Feruglio, Francesca}, month = jan, year = {2018}, } @book{campbell_global_2018, address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom New York, NY Port Melbourne, Australia}, title = {Global governance and local peace: accountability and performance in international peacebuilding}, isbn = {978-1-108-41865-2}, shorttitle = {Global governance and local peace}, abstract = {Local peacebuilding and global accountability -- The country context--Burundi from 1999 to 2014 -- Ingos in peacebuilding--globally unaccountable, locally adaptive -- International organizations in peacebuilding--globally accountable, locally constrained -- Bilateral development donors--accountable for global targets, not local change}, language = {eng}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Campbell, Susanna}, year = {2018}, note = {OCLC: 1048387754}, } @techreport{chemonics_strengthening_2018, title = {Strengthening {Advocacy} and {Civic} {Engagemetn} in {Nigeria}}, url = {https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00TPWG.pdf}, urldate = {2020-10-01}, institution = {Chemonics International}, author = {Chemonics}, year = {2018}, } @techreport{christie_role_2017, address = {Brighton}, title = {The {Role} of {External} {Actors} in {Supporting} {Social} and {Political} {Action} towards {Empowerment} and {Accountability} with a {Focus} on {Fragile}, {Conflict}- and {Violence}-{Affected} {Settings}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/13430}, abstract = {This paper explores the role and experience of external actors, particularly donors, in supporting social and political action in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings. Evidence is distilled from a wide range of synthesised sources to generate relevant findings and questions in relation to what we know and what we don’t. Included among the source material is a 2016 macro-evaluation of DFID’s empowerment and accountability (E\&A) programmes which examined over 50 DFID funded projects. Themes which emerge relate to: how external actors need to think about the context and work politically; who are the most appropriate social and political actors to support in E\&A; whether a direct or indirect approach to support for E\&A achieves more tangible outcomes; whether external actors should move beyond short-term tools and tactics focused on one-sided engagement; and whether programmes should be designed around more strategic, multi-faceted interventions. The paper concludes with identifying a number of gaps in the evidence which are translated into a range of questions which could potentially inform the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme.}, urldate = {2019-08-14}, institution = {IDS and ITAD}, author = {Christie, Angela and Burge, Richard}, month = dec, year = {2017}, } @misc{herringshaw_are_2017, title = {Are you doing what’s needed to get the state to respond to its citizens? {Or} are you part of the problem?}, shorttitle = {Are you doing what’s needed to get the state to respond to its citizens?}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/whats-needed-get-state-respond-citizens-part-problem/}, abstract = {Three challenges from Making All Voices Count research on responsive governance}, urldate = {2017-10-24}, journal = {Making All Voices Count}, author = {Herringshaw, Vanessa}, month = oct, year = {2017}, } @techreport{green_theories_2017, address = {Brighton}, title = {Theories of {Change} for {Promoting} {Empowerment} and {Accountability} in {Fragile} and {Conflict}-{Affected} {Settings}}, url = {http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/theories-of-change-for-promoting-empowerment-and-accountability-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-settings}, abstract = {This paper explores the current state of thinking among a range of aid actors (multilaterals, bilateral, applied scholars and international non-governmental organisations) on how to promote empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings. It seeks to identify trends, gaps and weaknesses in that thinking, and propose research questions and hypotheses to test. Three underlying sources of confusion are identified that are hindering progress on both understanding empowerment and accountability in fragile, conflict and violence affected settings, and taking helpful action to promote it. They are: Theory of endogenous change (e.g. on how empowerment and accountability arise in situ) versus the theory of action of an external intervention; Fragility versus conflict: there is no clear justification for combining these different aspects into a single category; and Empowerment versus accountability: donor analysis and practice has been overwhelmingly weighted towards accountability, exhibiting limited understanding or interest in the nature of power.}, language = {en}, number = {499}, urldate = {2018-08-02}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Green, Duncan}, month = oct, year = {2017}, keywords = {A4EA, External actors, Participation}, } @techreport{hadley_governance_2017, type = {Report}, title = {Governance for {Growth} in {Vanuatu}: {Review} of a decade of thinking and working politically}, url = {https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/11702.pdf}, urldate = {2018-10-11}, institution = {ODI}, author = {Hadley, Sierd and Tilley, Helen}, month = jul, year = {2017}, pages = {53}, } @techreport{de_lanerolle_why_2017, address = {Johannesburg}, title = {Why isn’t {Tech} for {Accountability} {Working} in {Africa}?}, url = {http://www.saiia.org.za/policy-briefings/why-isn-t-tech-for-accountability-working-in-africa}, abstract = {Expanding mobile networks and falling costs could transform communication between African citizens and governments. So far, however, attempts to harness new technologies to improve transparency and accountability in Africa and elsewhere have had disappointing results. What is going wrong? Research suggests that an important reason for this failure is a poor understanding of technologies and limited skills in developing and using them. It seems that civil society organisations (CSOs) and governments often ‘re-invent the flat tyre’: experimenting with new tools without finding out what has been tried (often unsuccessfully) before. They also do not follow best practices in how to source, develop and test technologies to ensure these are ‘fit for purpose’. Decision makers should focus on building an effective innovation ecosystem with better links between technologists and accountability actors in both government and civil society to enable learning from successes – and mistakes.}, urldate = {2017-06-01}, institution = {SAIIA}, author = {de Lanerolle, Indra}, month = may, year = {2017}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @article{moor_lifestyle_2017, title = {Lifestyle politics and the concept of political participation}, volume = {52}, issn = {0001-6810, 1741-1416}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/ap.2015.27}, doi = {10.1057/ap.2015.27}, abstract = {Van Deth’s comprehensive ‘conceptual map of political participation’ has reinstated a lively debate about the concept of political participation, and provides some compelling solutions to it. However, an important question that has been raised is whether van Deth’s map actually achieves its main goal of unambiguously identifying and classifying emerging, complex types of participation, like online political activism – or lifestyle politics. To contribute to this debate, this article aims to evaluate the usefulness of van Deth’s approach for the analysis of lifestyle politics. Such an evaluation requires a clear classification of lifestyle politics. This, however, is still missing from the literature. The second aim of this article, therefore, is to identify and classify different types of lifestyle politics. On the basis of a literature review, this article argues that lifestyle politics are often enacted throughout different private, public and institutional arenas, and that they are often targeted at various social, economic and political actors at once. Applying van Deth’s conceptual map to these empirical realities, then, suggests that it cannot always account for their complexity sufficiently. Therefore, this article proposes a modification of van Deth’s framework that increases its usefulness for analyzing emerging, complex political participation repertoires.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-11-12}, journal = {Acta Politica}, author = {Moor, Joost de}, month = apr, year = {2017}, pages = {179--197}, } @techreport{ibp_thats_2017, address = {Washington DC}, title = {"{That}'s how the light gets in": {Making} {Change} in {Closing} {Political} {Environments}}, url = {http://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/making-change-in-closing-political-environments}, abstract = {This collection of learning and reflection essays from the International Budget Partnership's 2016 Annual Report illustrate the multidimensional nature of budget work and democratic engagement. Read more.}, urldate = {2017-05-19}, institution = {International Budget Partnership}, author = {IBP}, month = apr, year = {2017}, } @article{kurban_what_2017, title = {What is technopolitics? {A} conceptual schema for understanding politics in the digital age {Doctoral} {Student} on the {Programme} on {Political} {Science} {New} {School} for {Social} {Research}}, shorttitle = {What is technopolitics?}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/33136106/What_is_technopolitics_A_conceptual_schema_for_understanding_politics_in_the_digital_age_Doctoral_Student_on_the_Programme_on_Political_Science_New_School_for_Social_Research}, abstract = {In this article we seek to revisit what the term ‘technopolitical’ means for democratic politics in our age. We begin by tracing how the term was used and then transformed through various and conflicting adaptations of ICTs (Information and}, number = {24}, urldate = {2017-05-22}, journal = {Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política}, author = {Kurban, Can and Peña-Lopez, Ismael and Haberer, Maria}, month = feb, year = {2017}, } @techreport{simon_digital_2017, address = {London}, title = {Digital {Democracy}: {The} {Tools} {Transforming} {Political} {Engagement}}, shorttitle = {Digital {Democracy}}, url = {http://www.nesta.org.uk/publications/digital-democracy-tools-transforming-political-engagement}, abstract = {This paper shares lessons from Nesta’s research into some of the pioneering innovations in digital democracy which are taking place across Europe and beyond}, urldate = {2017-03-24}, institution = {NESTA}, author = {Simon, Julie and Bass, Theo and Boelman, Victoria and Mulgan, Geoff}, month = feb, year = {2017}, } @article{brock_more_2017, title = {More accountable and responsive governance: {How} do technologies help make it happen?}, copyright = {Attribution 2.0 UK: England \& Wales}, shorttitle = {More accountable and responsive governance}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12975}, abstract = {The change Making All Voices Count wants to see is more responsive, accountable governance. The programme has contributed to this change by supporting tech-enabled initiatives which amplify citizen voice and nurture government responsiveness, and by building understanding of when and how the technologies help create and support change. In March 2017, partners from 34 of the programme's projects met with Making All Voices Count staff and associates in South Africa in order to share their stories of change. The learning event participants analysed their experiences using a framework that describes seven streams of tech-enabled change: the information stream; the feedback stream; the naming-and-shaming stream; the conducive innovation system stream; the connecting citizens stream; the infomediation stream and the intermediation stream.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-05-16}, author = {Brock, Karen and McGee, Rosemary}, year = {2017}, } @techreport{pena-lopez_citizen_2017, address = {Bengaluru}, title = {Citizen participation and the rise of the open source city in {Spain}}, url = {http://ictlogy.net/bibliography/reports/projects.php?idp=3410}, abstract = {Research on the Information Society, the Digital Divide and Information and Communication Technologies for development}, urldate = {2017-06-09}, institution = {MAVC \& IT for Change}, author = {Peña-López, Ismael}, year = {2017}, } @article{madianou_appearance_2016, title = {The {Appearance} of {Accountability}: {Communication} {Technologies} and {Power} {Asymmetries} in {Humanitarian} {Aid} and {Disaster} {Recovery}}, volume = {66}, issn = {1460-2466}, shorttitle = {The {Appearance} of {Accountability}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcom.12258/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jcom.12258}, abstract = {New communication technologies are celebrated for their potential to improve the accountability of humanitarian agencies. The response to Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 represents the most systematic implementation of “accountability to affected people” initiatives. Drawing on a year-long ethnography of the Haiyan recovery and 139 interviews with humanitarian workers and affected people, the article reveals a narrow interpretation of accountability as feedback that is increasingly captured through mobile phones. We observe that the digitized collection of feedback is not fed back to disaster-affected communities, but is directed to donors as evidence of “impact.” Rather than improving accountability to affected people, digitized feedback mechanisms sustained humanitarianism's power asymmetries.}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-05-04}, journal = {Journal of Communication}, author = {Madianou, Mirca and Ong, Jonathan Corpus and Longboan, Liezel and Cornelio, Jayeel S.}, month = dec, year = {2016}, keywords = {Accountability, Audit, Communication for Development, Disasters, Ethnography, ICT4D, Mobile phones, Participatory Communication, SMS, Texting, humanitarianism}, pages = {960--981}, } @techreport{aceron_going_2016, address = {Brighton}, title = {Going vertical: citizen-led reform campaigns in the {Philippines}}, copyright = {this work is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode}, shorttitle = {Going vertical}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12718}, abstract = {The Philippines has a long history of state–society engagement to introduce reforms in government and politics. Forces from civil society and social movements have interfaced with reform-oriented leaders in government on a range of social accountability initiatives – to make governance more responsive, to introduce policy reforms, and to make government more accountable. Several theoretical propositions on which strategic approaches work best for social accountability initiatives have been put forward – including the idea of vertically integrated civil society monitoring and advocacy. This multi-authored research report uses vertical integration as a framework for examining seven successful civil society social accountability initiatives in the Philippines, looking at what made them successful, and how the gains they realised can be deepened and sustained.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-01-04}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Aceron, Joy and Isaac, Francis}, month = dec, year = {2016}, } @techreport{fox_scaling_2016, address = {Brighton}, title = {Scaling accountability through vertically integrated civil society policy monitoring and advocacy}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12683}, abstract = {This working paper argues that the growing field of transparency, participation and accountability (TPA) needs a conceptual reboot, to address the limited traction gained so far on the path to accountability. To inform more strategic approaches and to identify the drivers of more sustainable institutional change, fresh analytical work is needed. This paper makes the case for one among several possible strategic approaches by distinguishing between “scaling up” and “taking scale into account”. This proposition grounds an explanation of the vertical integration strategy, which involves multi-level coordination by civil society organisations of policy monitoring and advocacy, grounded in broad pro-accountability constituencies. To spell out how this strategy can empower pro-accountability actors, the paper contrasts varied terms of engagement between state and society, proposing a focus on collaborative coalitions as an alternative to the conventional dichotomy between confrontation and constructive engagement. The paper grounds this discussion by reviewing the rich empirical terrain of existing multi-level approaches, summarizing nine cases – three each in three countries – to demonstrate what can be revealed when TPA initiatives are seen through the lens of scale. It concludes with a set of broad analytical questions for discussion, followed by testable hypotheses proposed to inform future research agendas}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Fox, Jonathan}, month = dec, year = {2016}, } @techreport{fox_taking_2016, address = {Brighton}, title = {Taking scale into account in transparency and accountability initiatives}, copyright = {This work is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12684}, abstract = {We know that gaining access to information and raising citizen voices are not the same as achieving accountability. It is important to look beyond the symptoms of accountability failure, and consider how to tackle the causes. This short research summary discusses different understandings of scale, one important aspect of making transparency and accountability initiatives more strategic. Scale shapes both the causes of accountability failure and the tactics and strategies needed to address it.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-01-04}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Fox, Jonathan}, month = dec, year = {2016}, } @techreport{gilberds_exploring_2016, address = {Brighton}, title = {Exploring the potential for interactive radio to improve accountability and responsiveness to small-scale farmers in {Tanzania}}, copyright = {http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/IDSOpenDocsStandardTermsOfUse.pdf}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/12770}, abstract = {What are the possibilities of using new digital technologies alongside radio to help ensure that agricultural development projects are farmer-centred, and meet the needs of the rural citizens they intend to serve? This research assesses Farm Radio International’s Listening Post – a model that combines radio and digital technologies with the aim of collecting and aggregating farmer feedback to aid decision-making and adaptive project implementation. The research shows that linking a mobile-based crowd-sourcing tool with radio is effective at ensuring engagement from a large number of farmers, who felt it was a useful way of raising their questions and concerns to NGOs, policy-makers and experts. The model has clear potential to strengthen the chain of relationships between citizens, extension services suppliers, projects and policymakers. It has also demonstrated its potential to collect real-time feedback from farmers that could be used to aid decision-making and improve accountability in agricultural development initiatives, helping to ensure they are more responsive to farmers. However, it also concludes that ‘closing the feedback loop’ – ensuring that farmer’s comments, questions and concerns are responded to – is a challenge for the Listening Post. Sometimes, the interactive radio programmes close the loop by disseminating answers to questions or concerns raised by farmers, or by connecting farmers to extension services – but only when a solid and systematic process had been developed for this to happen. Therefore is critical to identify and incentivise actors who are capable of responding during the design phase of a Listening Post, and to ensure that they are involved in every stage of the process. It also important that project partners who are interested in beneficiary feedback identify the flexible or actionable points in their project frameworks from the outset, rather than collecting data that they are not able to use to adapt their programmes}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-02-16}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Gilberds, Heather and Handforth, Calum and Leclair, Mark}, month = dec, year = {2016}, } @book{wetterberg_governance_2016, address = {Research Triangle Park, NC}, title = {Governance and {Service} {Delivery}: {Practical} {Applications} of {Social} {Accountability} {Across} {Sectors}}, isbn = {978-1-934831-18-2}, shorttitle = {Governance and {Service} {Delivery}}, abstract = {The six case studies in Governance and Service Delivery: Practical Applications of Social Accountability Across Sectors illustrate the multiple ways citizen participation in accountability – called social accountability – can lead to positive effects on governance, citizen empowerment, and service delivery. Drawing on their extensive experience implementing international donor-funded programs and projects, the authors examine six recent RTI International projects in Africa and Asia. The analysis focuses on both intended and actual effects, and it unpacks the influence of context on implementation and outcomes achieved, as well as on prospects for sustainability. Donors, academics, policy makers, practitioners and others interested in sustainable development and governance will find this systematic review invaluable.}, language = {English}, publisher = {RTI Press}, editor = {Wetterberg, Anna and Brinkerhoff, Derick W. and Hertz, Jana C.}, month = sep, year = {2016}, } @article{king_building_2016, title = {Building {Democracy} from {Below}: {Lessons} from {Western} {Uganda}}, volume = {0}, issn = {0022-0388}, shorttitle = {Building {Democracy} from {Below}}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1214719}, doi = {10.1080/00220388.2016.1214719}, abstract = {How to achieve democratisation in the neo-patrimonial and agrarian environments that predominate in sub-Saharan Africa continues to present a challenge for both development theory and practice. Drawing on intensive fieldwork in Western Uganda, this paper argues that Charles Tilly’s ‘democratisation as process’ provides us with the framework required to explain the ways in which particular kinds of association can advance democratisation from below. Moving beyond the current focus on how elite-bargaining and certain associational forms may contribute to liberal forms of democracy, this approach helps identify the intermediate mechanisms involved in building democracy from below, including the significance of challenging categorical inequalities, notably through the role of producer groups, and of building trust networks, cross-class alliances and synergistic relations between civil and political society. The evidence and mode of analysis deployed here help suggest alternative routes for supporting local efforts to build democracy from below in sub-Saharan Africa.}, number = {0}, urldate = {2017-03-24}, journal = {The Journal of Development Studies}, author = {King, Sophie and Hickey, Sam}, month = aug, year = {2016}, keywords = {FRUGAL}, pages = {1--16}, } @article{poggiali_seeing_2016, title = {Seeing (from) {Digital} {Peripheries}: {Technology} and {Transparency} in {Kenya}’s {Silicon} {Savannah}}, volume = {31}, issn = {08867356, 15481360}, shorttitle = {Seeing (from) {Digital} {Peripheries}}, url = {https://culanth.org/articles/823-seeing-from-digital-peripheries-technology-and}, doi = {10.14506/ca31.3.07}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-09-05}, journal = {Cultural Anthropology}, author = {Poggiali, Lisa}, month = aug, year = {2016}, pages = {387--411}, } @article{hickey_understanding_2016, title = {Understanding {Social} {Accountability}: {Politics}, {Power} and {Building} {New} {Social} {Contracts}}, volume = {52}, issn = {0022-0388}, shorttitle = {Understanding {Social} {Accountability}}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1134778}, doi = {10.1080/00220388.2015.1134778}, abstract = {Calls to deepen levels of social accountability within social protection interventions need to be informed by the now extensive experience of promoting social accountability in developing countries. Drawing on a systematic review of over 90 social accountability interventions, including some involving social protection, this paper shows that politics and context are critical to shaping their success. We argue that the politics of social protection and of social accountability resonate strongly with the broader project of transforming state-society relations in developing countries. This requires a reconceptualisation of social accountability and social protection in terms of the broader development of ‘social contracts’, and that the current emphasis on promoting bottom-up forms of accountability needs to be balanced by efforts to strengthen and legitimise public authority in developing countries.}, number = {8}, urldate = {2019-02-17}, journal = {The Journal of Development Studies}, author = {Hickey, Sam and King, Sophie}, month = aug, year = {2016}, pages = {1225--1240}, } @misc{alan_politics_2016, title = {Politics matters, so what? {Time} for bigger bets (and more learning) on adaptive programming}, shorttitle = {Politics matters, so what?}, url = {http://www.globalintegrity.org/2016/07/politics-matters-time-bigger-bets-learning-adaptive-programming/}, abstract = {By Alan Hudson, Executive Director, Global Integrity, July 26, 2016 Politics matters. Context too. And blueprints have limited value. Our strategy is based on these insights, so we’re totally on board. A World Development Report (WDR) that puts power and politics...}, urldate = {2016-11-04}, journal = {www.globalintegrity.org}, author = {{Alan}}, month = jul, year = {2016}, } @inproceedings{aceron_getting_2016, title = {Getting strategic: vertically integrated approaches}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}, shorttitle = {Getting strategic}, url = {http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11737}, abstract = {Holding power to account requires understanding where power lies and how it is exercised. It entails understanding how decisions are made, who makes them and what decision criteria are used to make them. Vertically integrated civil society action takes into account how power is exercised and how decisions are made in a given policy, programme or process.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-07-20}, publisher = {Institute of Development Studies}, author = {Aceron, Joy and Isaac, Francis}, month = jun, year = {2016}, } @inproceedings{halloran_accountability_2016, address = {Brighton}, title = {Accountability ecosystems: directions of accountability and points of engagement}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}, shorttitle = {Accountability ecosystems}, url = {http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11739}, abstract = {Accountability, the obligation of those in power to take responsibility for their actions, is a process involving relationships between different actors (in state and society) and mechanisms, and is influenced by many contextual factors. Using the lens of an accountability ‘ecosystem’ focuses our attention on the complexity of accountability processes. An ‘ecosystem’ perspective suggests that simple ideas about accountability – such as citizen feedback reaching decision-makers ensures more accountability, or that greater transparency equals greater accountability – are often actually much more complex.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-07-20}, publisher = {IDS}, author = {Halloran, Brendan}, month = jun, year = {2016}, } @inproceedings{leighninger_transforming_2016, title = {Transforming governance: how can technology help reshape democracy?}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}, shorttitle = {Transforming governance}, url = {http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11738}, abstract = {Around the world, people are asking how we can make democracy work in new and better ways. We are frustrated by political systems in which voting is the only legitimate political act, concerned that many republics don’t have the strength or appeal to withstand authoritarian figures, and disillusioned by the inability of many countries to address the fundamental challenges of health, education and economic development. If we want to create democracies in which citizens have meaningful roles in shaping public decisions and solving public problems, we should be asking a number of questions about civic tech, including: • How can online tools best support new forms of democracy? • What are the examples of how this has happened? • What are some variables to consider in comparing these examples? • How can we learn from each other as we move forward? This background note has been developed to help democratic innovators explore these questions and examine how their work can provide answers.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-07-20}, publisher = {Institute of Development Studies}, author = {Leighninger, Matt}, month = jun, year = {2016}, } @techreport{salome_has_2016, title = {Has {Kenya}’s {ICT} revolution triggered more citizen participation?}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/when-does-state-listen/}, abstract = {Lessons from policy in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania}, urldate = {2016-09-07}, institution = {Institute of Development Studies}, author = {Salome, Nyambura}, month = jun, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @techreport{the_engine_room_primer:_2016, title = {Primer: {Technology} to monitor and share information on rainforests and forest people's rights}, url = {http://d5i6is0eze552.cloudfront.net/documents/Publikasjoner/Andre-rapporter/Rainforest-tech-primer.pdf?mtime=20160704134642}, urldate = {2016-08-08}, institution = {The Engine Room \& Rainforest Foundation Norway}, author = {The Engine Room}, month = jun, year = {2016}, } @techreport{larsen_you_2016, address = {Washington, DC}, title = {You {Cannot} {Go} it {Alone}: {Learning} from {Cooperative} {Relationships} in {Civil} {Society} {Budget} {Campaigns}}, url = {http://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/learning-from-cooperative-relationships-civil-society-budget-campaigns/}, institution = {IBP}, author = {Larsen, Jillian}, month = may, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @book{breuer_digital_2016, title = {Digital {Technologies} for {Democratic} {Governance} in {Latin} {America}: {Opportunities} and {Risks}}, isbn = {978-1-138-68679-3}, shorttitle = {Digital {Technologies} for {Democratic} {Governance} in {Latin} {America}}, abstract = {This book is the first to comprehensively analyse the political and societal impacts of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in a region of the Global South. It evaluates under what conditions some Latin American governments and people have succeeded in taking up the opportunities related to the spread of ICTs, while others are confronted with the pessimist scenario of increased, digitally induced social and democratic cleavages. Specifically, the book examines if and how far the spread and use of new ICT affected central aims of democratic governance such as reducing socio-economic and gender inequality; strengthening citizen participation in political decision making; increasing the transparency of legislative processes; improving administrative processes; providing free access to government data and information; and expanding independent spaces of citizen communication. The country case and cross-country explore a range of bottom-up driven initiatives to reinforce democracy in the region. The book offers researchers and students an interdisciplinary approach to these issues by linking it to established theories of media and politics, political communication, political participation, and governance. Giving voice to researchers native to the region and with direct experience of the region, it uniquely brings together contributions from political scientists, researchers in communication studies and area studies specialists who have a solid record in political activism and international development co-operation.}, language = {English}, publisher = {Routledge}, editor = {Breuer, Anita and Welp, Yanina}, month = apr, year = {2016}, } @techreport{de_lanerolle_sometimes_2016, address = {Brighton}, title = {Sometimes it is about the {Tech}: {Choosing} {Tools} in {South} {African} and {Kenyan} {Transparency} \& {Accountability} {Initiatives}}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/six-rules-thumb-select-tools-transparency-accountability-projects}, urldate = {2016-04-22}, institution = {IDS and The Engine Room}, author = {de Lanerolle, Indra and Walker, Tom and Kinney, Sasha}, month = mar, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @article{eriksson_rethinking_2016, title = {Rethinking {Participation} and {Re}-enacting {Its} {Dilemmas}? {Aarhus} 2017 and “{The} {Playful} {Society}”}, volume = {2}, copyright = {Copyright (c) 2015 Conjunctions. Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural Participation}, issn = {2246-3755}, shorttitle = {Rethinking {Participation} and {Re}-enacting {Its} {Dilemmas}?}, url = {http://www.conjunctions-tjcp.com/article/view/22918}, doi = {10.7146/tjcp.v2i2.22918}, abstract = {In 2012 the Danish city of Aarhus was appointed European Capital of Culture for 2017. The appointment was based on an ambitious programme that – under the headline Rethink – tried to set an agenda of societal transformation, mainly by seeking to increase the impact of art and culture, and to enhance civic participation at all levels of society. In this article we examine one of the first attempts of Aarhus 2017 to realize these grand ambitions: ‘The Playful Society’, a series of micro grants aimed at enabling young people to make their own art/culture projects and participate in the overall Rethink project. Informed by theoretical distinctions between different forms of participation, and the diverse interests invested in participatory processes, we investigate how the young cultural entrepreneurs and the artistic administrators of Aarhus 2017 separately, in conjunction, and sometimes even in opposition to each other, translated these overall ambitions into practice. We argue that they illuminate some of the dilemmas of contemporary cultural participation, including the importance of question- ing who participates in what, how they do it, and in what context.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2016-03-23}, journal = {Conjunctions. Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural Participation}, author = {Eriksson, Birgit and Stephensen, Jan Løhmann}, month = feb, year = {2016}, keywords = {Cultural Entrepreneurship, Participation, youth}, pages = {48--66}, } @techreport{edwards_transforming_2016, title = {Transforming governance: what role for technologies?}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/}, shorttitle = {Transforming governance}, url = {http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/11675}, abstract = {The technological innovations of the last two decades – cell phones, tablets, open data and social media – mean that governments and citizens can interact like never before. Around the world, in different contexts, citizens have fast-increasing access to information and communications technologies (ICTs) that enable them to monitor government performance and express their views on it in real time. In February 2016, a learning event in Manila, convened by Making All Voices Count, brought together 55 researchers and practitioners from 15 countries. They all work on using new technologies for accountable governance. They shared their diverse experiences, reflected on how they approach transformative governance, and visited Filipino accountable governance initiatives. This report shares some of what they learned.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-07-20}, institution = {MAVC}, author = {Edwards, Duncan and Brock, Karen and McGee, Rosie}, month = feb, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @misc{halloran_opening_2016, title = {Opening {Governance}: {What} have we learned and how do we translate into better practice?}, shorttitle = {Opening {Governance}}, url = {https://politicsgovernancedevelopment.wordpress.com/2016/01/25/opening-governance-what-have-we-learned-and-how-to-we-translate-to-better-practice/}, abstract = {In their introductory essay to the recent IDS Bulletin on Opening Governance (the entire issue is open access), Duncan Edwards and Rosie McGee critically appraise developments in the open governmen…}, urldate = {2016-04-27}, journal = {Politics, Governance and Development}, author = {Halloran, Brendan}, month = jan, year = {2016}, } @article{loureiro_when_2016, title = {When {Does} the {State} {Listen}?}, volume = {41}, issn = {02655012}, url = {http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/36}, doi = {10.19088/1968-2016.106}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-07-14}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {Loureiro, Miguel and Cassim, Aalia and Darko, Terence and Katera, Lucas and Salome, Nyambura}, month = jan, year = {2016}, pages = {55--67}, } @article{mcgee_introduction_2016, title = {Introduction: {Opening} {Governance} – {Change}, {Continuity} and {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}}, volume = {41}, issn = {02655012}, shorttitle = {Introduction}, url = {http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/32}, doi = {10.19088/1968-2016.103}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-07-14}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {McGee, Rosie and Edwards, Duncan}, month = jan, year = {2016}, pages = {1--21}, } @article{mills_you_2016, title = {‘{You} {Have} to {Raise} a {Fist}!’: {Seeing} and {Speaking} to the {State} in {South} {Africa}}, volume = {41}, issn = {02655012}, shorttitle = {‘{You} {Have} to {Raise} a {Fist}!’}, url = {http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/37}, doi = {10.19088/1968-2016.107}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-07-14}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {Mills, Elizabeth}, month = jan, year = {2016}, pages = {69--81}, } @article{peixoto_when_2016, title = {When {Does} {ICT}-{Enabled} {Citizen} {Voice} {Lead} to {Government} {Responsiveness}?}, volume = {41}, issn = {02655012}, url = {http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/34}, doi = {10.19088/1968-2016.104}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-07-14}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {Peixoto, Tiago and Fox, Jonathan}, month = jan, year = {2016}, pages = {23--39}, } @article{wilson_test_2016, title = {Test {It} and {They} {Might} {Come}: {Improving} the {Uptake} of {Digital} {Tools} in {Transparency} and {Accountability} {Initiatives}}, volume = {41}, issn = {02655012}, shorttitle = {Test {It} and {They} {Might} {Come}}, url = {http://bulletin.ids.ac.uk/idsbo/article/view/40}, doi = {10.19088/1968-2016.110}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-07-14}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {Wilson, Christopher and de Lanerolle, Indra}, month = jan, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, pages = {113--126}, } @techreport{civic_innovation_accelerator_fund_civic_2016, address = {Miami}, title = {Civic {Technologies} as tools for change: {Is} balance between online and offline actions a necessary condition for achieving social change through civic innovation?}, shorttitle = {Civic {Technologies} as tools for change}, url = {https://appcivico.net/2016/04/11/the-avina-omidyar-civic-innovation-accelerator-fund-shares-its-lessons-learned}, urldate = {2016-04-18}, institution = {Fundación Avina \& Omidyar Network}, author = {Civic Innovation Accelerator Fund}, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @techreport{fox_connecting_2016, address = {London}, title = {Connecting the {Dots} for {Accountability}: {Civil} {Society} {Policy} {Monitoring} and {Advocacy} {Strategies}}, shorttitle = {Connecting the {Dots} for {Accountability}}, url = {http://www.internationalbudget.org/publications/connecting-dots-accountability}, urldate = {2016-04-05}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Fox, Jonathan and Halloran, Brendan}, year = {2016}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @article{grossman_information_2016, title = {Information {Technology} and {Political} {Engagement}: {Mixed} {Evidence} from {Uganda}}, shorttitle = {Information {Technology} and {Political} {Engagement}}, author = {Grossman, Guy}, year = {2016}, } @book{hevia_monitoreo_2016, address = {Ciudad de México}, title = {Monitoreo ciudadano en {México}: {Participación} ciudadana para mejorar la provisión de servicios públicos}, isbn = {978-607-9367-82-4}, shorttitle = {Libro}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/27473432/Libro_Monitoreo_ciudadano_en_M%C3%A9xico_Participaci%C3%B3n_ciudadana_para_mejorar_la_provisi%C3%B3n_de_servicios_p%C3%BAblicos}, abstract = {Existe un amplio consenso sobre la importancia de los sistemas de monitoreo y evaluación para la mejora de políticas, programas y servicios públicos. Sin embargo, en la literatura especializada sorprende el escaso interés por analizar un tipo}, urldate = {2016-08-08}, publisher = {CIDE}, author = {Hevia, Felipe}, year = {2016}, } @techreport{halloran_strengthening_2015, title = {Strengthening {Accountability} {Ecosystems}: a {Discussion} {Paper}}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Learning-Agenda-for-Mobilizing-Accountability.pdf}, urldate = {2016-04-05}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Halloran, Brendan}, month = sep, year = {2015}, } @misc{von_sturmer_what_2015, title = {What {Are} the {Next} {Steps} in {Innovation} for {Good} {Governance}?}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/what-are-the-next-steps-in-innovation-for-good-governance/}, abstract = {What are the next steps in innovation for good governance? Lucy von Sturmer reflects on lessons learned at Buntwani 2015.}, urldate = {2016-04-26}, journal = {Making All Voices Count}, author = {von Sturmer, Lucy}, month = aug, year = {2015}, } @article{fox_social_2015, title = {Social {Accountability}: {What} {Does} the {Evidence} {Really} {Say}?}, volume = {72}, issn = {0305-750X}, shorttitle = {Social {Accountability}}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X15000704}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011}, abstract = {Summary Empirical evidence of tangible impacts of social accountability initiatives is mixed. This meta-analysis reinterprets evaluations through a new lens: the distinction between tactical and strategic approaches to the promotion of citizen voice to contribute to improved public sector performance. Field experiments study bounded, tactical interventions based on optimistic assumptions about the power of information alone, both to motivate collective action and to influence the state. Enabling environments for collective action combined with bolstered state capacity to respond to citizen voice are more promising. Sandwich strategies can help ‘voice’ and ‘teeth’ to become mutually empowering, through state–society synergy.}, urldate = {2018-07-26}, journal = {World Development}, author = {Fox, Jonathan A.}, month = aug, year = {2015}, keywords = {public information access, social accountability, state–society synergy, transparency, voice}, pages = {346--361}, } @incollection{heller_technology_2015, title = {Technology for {Democracy} in {Development}: {Lessons} from {Seven} {Case} {Studies}}, isbn = {978-1-4648-0501-1}, shorttitle = {Technology for {Democracy} in {Development}}, url = {http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/10.1596/978-1-4648-0501-1_ch11}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-05-03}, booktitle = {Deliberation and {Development}: {Rethinking} the {Role} of {Voice} and {Collective} {Action} in {Unequal} {Societies}}, publisher = {The World Bank}, author = {Fung, Archon and Gilman, Hollie Russon and Shkabatur, Jennifer}, editor = {Heller, Patrick and Rao, Vijayendra}, month = jul, year = {2015}, pages = {229--236}, } @book{heller_deliberation_2015, address = {Washington, D.C}, title = {Deliberation and {Development}: {Rethinking} the {Role} of {Voice} and {Collective} {Action} in {Unequal} {Societies}}, isbn = {978-1-4648-0501-1}, shorttitle = {Deliberation and {Development}}, abstract = {This book marries two fields that rarely converse with one another:deliberative democracy and development studies. The study ofdeliberation―which explores normative and practical questions aroundgroup-based decision making through discussion or debate―has emergedas a critical area of study over the past two decades. Concurrently, the fieldof development has seen a spurt of interest in community-led developmentand participation premised on the ability of groups to arrive at decisionsand manage resources via a process of discussion and debate. Despite thegrowing interest in both fields, they have rarely engaged with one another.This book, which brings together new essays by some of the leading scholarsin the field, deepens our understanding of participatory decision makingin developing countries while initiating a new field of study for scholarsof deliberation. In the process, it sheds light on how to best design andimplement policies to strengthen the role of participation in development.}, language = {English}, publisher = {World Bank Publications}, editor = {Heller, Patrick and Rao, Vijayendra}, month = jul, year = {2015}, } @techreport{joyce_watering_2015, title = {Watering the {Grassroots}: {A} {Strategy} for {Social} {Movement} {Support}}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/think-pieces/watering-the-grassroots-a-strategy-for-social-movement-support}, abstract = {In this third and final think piece exploring the role of grassroots organizations and movements for state accountability (find the previous pieces here and here), the author Mary Joyce, proposes new thinking about how funders and other external organizations can best support social movements. Funding and other support for popular organizations and movements is not straightforward, and there are potential risks and distortions involved. Interested supporters need to clearly identify and articulate these obstacles in their discussions with movement activists before pursuing and funding or other support activities. This think piece outlines several potential avenues of support: small, flexible grants; funding intermediary organizations; providing external consultants or researchers to work with movements; and other options as well. These suggestions provide ideas for funders and other organizations seeking to move beyond projects to supporting robust accountability ecosystems, in which grassroots organizations and movements play a critical role.}, urldate = {2016-04-05}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Joyce, Mary}, month = jul, year = {2015}, } @techreport{joyce_movements_2015, title = {A {Movements} {Perspective} on {Transparency} and {Accountability}}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/think-pieces/a-movements-perspective-on-transparency-and-accountability}, abstract = {This Think Piece describes social movements pursuing government accountability and the challenges and opportunities to supporting them.}, urldate = {2016-03-24}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Joyce, Mary and Walker, Tom}, month = jul, year = {2015}, } @techreport{katera_why_2015, address = {Brighton}, title = {Why is it so hard for non-state actors to be heard? {Inside} {Tanzania}'s education policies}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/publication/when-does-state-listen/}, abstract = {Lessons from policy in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania}, urldate = {2016-07-14}, institution = {MAVC}, author = {Katera, Lucas}, month = jun, year = {2015}, } @techreport{herringshaw_mentoring_2015, title = {Mentoring {Programmes}: {Supporting} {Effective} {Technology} {Use} in {Transparency} and {Accountability} {Organisations}}, shorttitle = {Mentoring {Programmes}}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/reports/mentoring-programmes-supporting-effective-technology-use-in-transparency-and-accountability-organisations}, abstract = {The global movement to hold governments and companies accountable is growing rapidly, and technology can play a vital role. Some actors harness this potential to brilliant effect. But many others waste precious money and staff time on technology that isn’t a good fit for their aims or capacity. Mentorships can be a really effective way …}, urldate = {2016-03-24}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Herringshaw, Vanessa and Faith, Becky}, month = jun, year = {2015}, } @techreport{malena_improving_2015, title = {Improving the {Measurement} of {Civic} {Space}}, shorttitle = {Report launch}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/reports/report-launch-improving-the-measurement-of-civic-space}, abstract = {‘Civic space’ – i.e. the freedom and means to speak, access information, associate, organise, and participate in public decision-making – is essential to the healthy functioning and development of any society and a precondition for accountable governance and social justice. When civic space is restricted, human and civil rights are denied, government accountability is jeopardised, …}, urldate = {2016-03-24}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Malena, Carmen}, month = may, year = {2015}, } @techreport{ross_supporting_2015, address = {Oxford}, title = {Supporting {Learning}? {Exploring} the relationship between grantee learning and grantmaking practice in the transparency and accountability sector}, shorttitle = {Supporting learning}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/news/funding-learning-and-impact-how-do-grant-making-practices-help-and-hinder-real-grantee-learning}, abstract = {Learning is fundamental to work on transparency and accountability in complex environments. But how can funding practices best support learning?}, urldate = {2016-05-06}, institution = {INTRAC}, author = {Ross, Jenny}, month = apr, year = {2015}, } @techreport{halloran_mobilizing_2015, title = {Mobilizing {Accountability}: {Citizens}, {Movements} and the {State}}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/news/mobilizing-accountability-citizens-movements-and-the-state}, urldate = {2016-04-05}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Halloran, Brendan and Flores, Walter}, month = apr, year = {2015}, } @misc{tisa_nairobi_2015, title = {Nairobi {Is} {Organizing}- {Grassroots} {Organizing} \&{Public} {Participation} for {Social} {Change}}, url = {http://www.tisa.or.ke/index.php/blog/post/nairobi-is-organizing}, abstract = {The Institute for Social Accountability}, urldate = {2016-04-28}, author = {{TISA}}, month = mar, year = {2015}, } @article{benequista_journalism_2015, title = {Journalism from the ‘{Silicon} {Savannah}’: {The} {Vexed} {Relationship} {Between} {Nairobi}’s {Newsmakers} and its {ICT4D} {Community}}, volume = {4}, copyright = {Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access ). All third-party images reproduced on this journal are shared under Educational Fair Use. For more information on Educational Fair Use , please see this useful checklist prepared by Columbia University Libraries . All copyright of third-party content posted here for research purposes belongs to its original owners. Unless otherwise stated all references to characters and comic art presented on this journal are ©, ® or ™ of their respective owners. No challenge to any owner’s rights is intended or should be inferred.}, issn = {2165-2627}, shorttitle = {Journalism from the ‘{Silicon} {Savannah}’}, url = {http://www.stabilityjournal.org/articles/10.5334/sta.fc/}, doi = {10.5334/sta.fc}, abstract = {During the course of a year-long knowledge exchange initiative called the Networked News Lab, a small group of Kenyan journalists and a PhD researcher from the London School of Economics and Political Science sought to identify opportunities for collaboration between newsmakers and practitioners from the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D). In almost every instance, the project failed to promote cooperation between the two groups, though it succeeded in highlighting the fundamental issues that separate them. Drawing from interviews, project documents and participant observation, this chapter describes the incompatibilities between the two communities and what they suggest about current efforts to strengthen journalism in Africa through the application of ICTs.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-09-08}, journal = {Stability: International Journal of Security and Development}, author = {Benequista, Nicholas}, month = mar, year = {2015}, keywords = {ICT4D, ICTs, IMPORTANT, Journalism, Kenya, state-building}, } @article{coelho_analysing_2015, title = {Analysing {ICT} and {Development} from the {Perspective} of the {Capabilities} {Approach}: {A} {Study} in {South} {Brazil}}, volume = {67}, copyright = {An author submitting a paper agrees to license EJISDC to publish the paper if and when the manuscript is accepted. Papers published in EJISDC are protected by copyright, which is retained by the authors. Authors control translation and reproduction rights to their works published in EJISDC. Permission of the author must be secured if a paper originally published in EJISDC is being considered for reprinting or translation. Authors are expected to ensure that any reprinting or translation contains a reference or pointer to the original paper published in EJISDC. Authors submitting papers to EJISDC do so with the understanding that with Internet publishing authors and publishers do not always have the means to prevent unauthorized copying or editing of copyrighted works. Downloads of papers in EJISDC are permitted for personal and educational use only. Commercial use requires explicit permission from the Editor in Chief. EJISDC has made arrangements with Proquest and Scopus to have published articles available for indexing.}, issn = {16814835}, shorttitle = {Analysing {ICT} and {Development} from the {Perspective} of the {Capabilities} {Approach}}, url = {http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1458}, abstract = {Certain international agencies propose that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) allows development to be reached more efficiently and quickly. While there are success stories galore, there is acknowledgement of not all investments in ICT bringing positive effects towards development. Following the Capabilities Approach, this paper discusses how the use of ICT can promote a more effective development by studying the case of Sudotec (association for technological and industrial development), a non-profit organization that saw in ICT the opportunity to change the local scenario. The results revealed positive effects of the use of ICT in social, economical and cultural spheres, but not presenting political effect.}, language = {en}, number = {0}, urldate = {2016-07-27}, journal = {The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries}, author = {Coelho, Taiane Ritta and Segatto, Andréa Paula and Frega, José Roberto}, month = feb, year = {2015}, } @article{gronlund_citizens_2015, title = {Citizens’ {Use} of {New} {Media} in {Authoritarian} {Regimes}: {A} {Case} {Study} of {Uganda}}, volume = {67}, copyright = {An author submitting a paper agrees to license EJISDC to publish the paper if and when the manuscript is accepted. Papers published in EJISDC are protected by copyright, which is retained by the authors. Authors control translation and reproduction rights to their works published in EJISDC. Permission of the author must be secured if a paper originally published in EJISDC is being considered for reprinting or translation. Authors are expected to ensure that any reprinting or translation contains a reference or pointer to the original paper published in EJISDC. Authors submitting papers to EJISDC do so with the understanding that with Internet publishing authors and publishers do not always have the means to prevent unauthorized copying or editing of copyrighted works. Downloads of papers in EJISDC are permitted for personal and educational use only. Commercial use requires explicit permission from the Editor in Chief. EJISDC has made arrangements with Proquest and Scopus to have published articles available for indexing.}, issn = {16814835}, shorttitle = {Citizens’ {Use} of {New} {Media} in {Authoritarian} {Regimes}}, url = {http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1437}, abstract = {By subsidizing the costs of civic participation, the use of the Internet use is believed to stimulate participation but there are fears that intensive Internet use causes withdrawal from public life. This paper investigates the connection between the way individuals participate online and offline in authoritarian, low-income regimes, and the nature of eParticipation among citizens in authoritarian regimes such as Uganda. Based on personal interviews with 116 Internet users, the study found that common drivers of eParticipation, such as low cost, security and anonymity are hard to transplant into the offline world for citizens of authoritarian states such as Uganda. Perceived risks of retribution and intimidation for expressing a particular opinion or supporting a political cause mean that citizen-to-citizen participation is the predominant form but still at low levels, while citizen-to-government participation is negligible.}, language = {en}, number = {0}, urldate = {2016-07-27}, journal = {The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries}, author = {Grönlund, Åke and Wakabi, Wairagala}, month = feb, year = {2015}, } @techreport{marchant_who_2015, address = {Philadelphia}, title = {Who is {ICT} innovation for? {Challenges} to existing theories of innovation, a {Kenyan} {Case} {Study}}, url = {http://www.global.asc.upenn.edu/app/uploads/2015/01/Marchant_Who-is-ICT-Innovation-for.pdf}, urldate = {2016-09-08}, institution = {University of Pennsylvania}, author = {Marchant, Eleanor}, month = jan, year = {2015}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @techreport{noauthor_transparency_2015, title = {Transparency, {Participation}, \& {Accountability} {Grantmaking} {Strategy}}, url = {http://www.hewlett.org/sites/default/files/TransparencyParticipationandAccountabilityweb.pdf}, urldate = {2016-05-11}, institution = {THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT FOUNDATION}, year = {2015}, } @book{bailur_digital_2015, title = {Digital lives in {Ghana}, {Kenya} and {Uganda}}, url = {http://cariboudigital.net/new/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Caribou-Digital-Digital-Lives-in-Ghana-Kenya-and-Uganda.pdf}, urldate = {2016-04-20}, publisher = {Caribou Digital}, author = {Bailur, Savita and Donner, Jonathan and Locke, Chris and Schoemaker, Emrys and Smart, Charlotte}, year = {2015}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, } @book{grandvoinnet_opening_2015, address = {Washington, DC}, series = {New frontiers of social policy}, title = {Opening the black box: the contextual drivers of social accountability}, isbn = {978-1-4648-0481-6 978-1-4648-0482-3}, shorttitle = {Opening the black box}, language = {eng}, publisher = {World Bank Group}, author = {Grandvoinnet, Helene and Aslam, Ghazia and Raha, Shomikho}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Social accounting}, } @article{grossman_can_2015, title = {Can {SMS}-{Mobilization} {Increase} {Citizen} {Reporting} of {Public} {Service} {Deficiencies} to {Politicians}?}, url = {https://sites.sas.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/ggros/files/gmm_v12.pdf}, urldate = {2016-04-27}, author = {Grossman, Guy and Michelitch, Kristin and Santamaria, Marta}, year = {2015}, } @misc{halloran_navigating_2015, title = {Navigating the {Evidence} on {Transparency}, {Participation} and {Accountability}: {What} {Insights} {Have} {Emerged}? {What} {Gaps} {Remain}? - {Terms} of reference for the {Consultant} {Author}(s)}, abstract = {Example of Terms of Reference for a Report on TAP.}, author = {Halloran, Brendan}, year = {2015}, } @techreport{joyce_mobilizing_2015, title = {Mobilizing {Accountability}: {A} {Learning} {Agenda} for {Grassroots} {Organizations} and {Social} {Movements} {Addressing} {State} {Accountability}}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Learning-Agenda-for-Mobilizing-Accountability.pdf}, urldate = {2016-04-05}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Joyce, Mary and Halloran, Brendan}, year = {2015}, } @techreport{un_global_compact_practical_2015, title = {A {Practical} {Guide} for {Collective} {Action} against {Corruption}}, url = {https://ungc-communications-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/publications/2021_Anti-Corruption_Collective.pdf}, abstract = {All anti-corruption professionals looking to better understand the relationship between collective action and corruption should refer to these two comprehensive guides that the UN Global Compact published. The 2015 guide has modules that cover theoretical concepts, practical recommendations for undertaking CA initiatives, and multiple in-depth case studies of CA projects around the world.}, urldate = {2022-07-01}, institution = {UN Global Compact}, author = {UN Global Compact}, year = {2015}, } @techreport{booth_savi_2014, address = {London}, type = {Discussion {Paper}}, title = {The {SAVI} programme in {Nigeria}: {Towards} politically smart, locally led devlopment}, url = {https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9203.pdf}, abstract = { More examples are needed of aid programming that works by being responsive to country realities: politically smart, problem-driven and locally led  DFID’s SAVI programme has revealed a hitherto untapped potential for change leading to better development results at state level in Nigeria  SAVI provides low-profile support to state-level organisations and partnerships, building their capacity to engage constructively with government  It avoid the pitfalls of a donor-driven approach by ‘taking the money off the table’  This illustrates the power of facilitated multi-stakeholder engagement and the disadvantages of seeing this in terms of ‘supply side’ and ‘demand side’ governance  The set-up of the DFID suite of state-level programmes, with separately managed sector support and ‘governance’ initiatives, has limited realisation of the potential  Key enabling conditions were that DFID provided space for an experience-based design process and permitted tangible results to be judged retrospectively, not pre-programmed}, urldate = {2018-12-10}, institution = {ODI}, author = {Booth, David and Chambers, Victoria}, month = oct, year = {2014}, } @techreport{carothers_accountability_2014, address = {Washington DC}, title = {Accountability, transparency, {Participation}, and {Inclusion}. {A} {New} {Development} {Consensus}?}, url = {http://carnegieendowment.org/files/new_development_consensus.pdf}, abstract = {The wide-reaching consensus around the normative and instrumental value of accountability, transparency, participation, and inclusion remains less solid than enthusiasts of these concepts might wish.}, urldate = {2017-05-05}, institution = {Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}, author = {Carothers, Thomas and Brechenmacher, Saskia}, month = oct, year = {2014}, } @article{joshi_reading_2014, title = {Reading the {Local} {Context}: {A} {Causal} {Chain} {Approach} to {Social} {Accountability}}, volume = {45}, issn = {1759-5436}, shorttitle = {Reading the {Local} {Context}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1759-5436.12101/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/1759-5436.12101}, abstract = {There is a general consensus that ‘context’ matters for development outcomes, yet we have little understanding of how exactly ‘context’ affects outcomes. This article focuses on the question of ‘context’ in social accountability (SA) initiatives by separating macro- and micro-contextual factors. On the macro side (country level), accountability processes need to take into account broad factors such as national histories of citizen–state engagement. On the micro side, local factors can drive the extent to which SA initiatives are successful, even within otherwise broadly similar national contexts. The article outlines the basic components of accountability and proposes a ‘causal chain'strategy to better understand the micro-context. This would allow existing evidence to be reorganised to assess the promise of existing and new initiatives by deconstructing the various mini-causal pathways (i.e. in the micro-context) and understanding the contextual conditions that make them work.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2016-09-15}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {Joshi, Anuradha}, month = sep, year = {2014}, keywords = {IMPORTANT}, pages = {23--35}, } @article{van_deth_conceptual_2014, title = {A conceptual map of political participation}, volume = {49}, issn = {0001-6810, 1741-1416}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/ap.2014.6}, doi = {10.1057/ap.2014.6}, abstract = {How would you recognize a mode of participation if you see one? Owing to the rapid expansion of political activities in the last decades this question has become increasingly difficult to answer. Neither the development of all-embracing nominal definitions, nor deductive analyses of existing modes of participation seem to be helpful. In addition, the spread of expressive modes of participation makes it hard to avoid purely subjective definitions. The aim of this discussion paper is to develop an operational definition of political participation, which allows us to cover distinct conceptualizations systematically, efficiently and consistently. This goal can only be arrived at if the conventional approach of presenting nominal definitions to solve conceptual problems is left behind. Instead, available definitions are included in a set of decision rules to distinguish three main variants of political participation. A fourth variant is distinguished for non-political activities used for political purposes. Together, the four variants of political participation cover the whole range of political participation systematically without excluding any mode of political participation unknown yet. At the same time, the endless expansion of the modes of political participation in modern democracies does not result in an endless conceptual expansion. Implications for research and various examples are discussed.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-11-12}, journal = {Acta Politica}, author = {van Deth, Jan W.}, month = jul, year = {2014}, pages = {349--367}, } @misc{halloran_why_2014, title = {Why {Learning} \& {Adaptation} are {Central} to {Making} {All} {Voices} {Count}}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/why-learning-adaptation-are-central-to-making-all-voices-count/}, urldate = {2016-04-26}, journal = {Making All Voices Count}, author = {Halloran, Brendan}, month = jun, year = {2014}, } @book{kaner_facilitators_2014, address = {San Francisco}, title = {Facilitator's {Guide} to {Participatory} {Decision}-{Making}}, isbn = {978-1-118-40495-9}, abstract = {Unleash the transformative power of face to face groups The third edition of this ground–breaking book continues to advance its mission to support groups to do their best thinking. It demonstrates that meetings can be much more than merely an occasion for solving a problem or creating a plan. Every well–facilitated meeting is also an opportunity to stretch and develop the perspectives of the individual members, thereby building the strength and capacity of the group as a whole. This fully updated edition of The Facilitator′s Guide to Participatory Decision–Making guides readers through the struggle and the satisfaction of putting participatory values into practice, helping them to fulfill the promise of effective group decision–making. With previous editions already embraced by business and community leaders and consulting professionals around the world, this new book is even more insightful and easy to use. New for this edition: 60 pages of brand new skills and tools Many new case examples Major expansion and reorganization of the advanced sections of the book. New chapter: Teaching A Group About Group Dynamics Doubled in size: Classic Facilitator Challenges. Substantially improved: Designing Realistic Agendas now three chapters, with wise, insightful answers to the most vexing questions about meeting design.}, language = {English}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, author = {Kaner, Sam}, month = jun, year = {2014}, } @techreport{halloran_thinking_2014, title = {Thinking and working politically in the transparency and accountability field}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Thinking-and-Working-Politically.May-2014.pdf}, urldate = {2016-04-05}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Halloran, Brendan}, month = may, year = {2014}, } @techreport{pellini_working_2014, title = {Working {Politically}: {A} story of {Change} about the contribution of research evidence to the new {Village} {Law} in {Indonesia}}, url = {http://www.ksi-indonesia.org/files/1419316551$1$8LB545D$.pdf}, abstract = {On 18 December 2013, the Indonesian House of Representatives passed the new Village Law, a vote that was the culmination of a journey that had started in 2007. This Story of Change takes the passing of the Village Law as its starting point and describes the relative influence that research-based evidence, produced by the Institute for Research and Empowerment (IRE), has had at critical junctions of the legislative process. This Story of Change concludes that good quality, research-based evidence is necessary but not sufficient to influence policy-making processes. Researchers and research organisations need to think and work politically to achieve their influencing goals and to adapt to changes in local circumstances.}, urldate = {2018-12-10}, institution = {Austrialian Community Development and Civil Society Strenghtening Scheme (ACCESS)}, author = {Pellini, Arnaldo and Angelina, Maesy and Purnawati, Endah}, month = apr, year = {2014}, pages = {22}, } @techreport{sidel_achieving_2014, address = {Birmingham, UK}, title = {Achieving reforms in oligarchical democracies: the role of leadership and coalitions in the {Philippines}}, shorttitle = {Achieving reforms in oligarchical democracies}, url = {http://www.dlprog.org/}, abstract = {This paper examines the role of developmental leadership in two major reforms introduced in the Philippines in 2012: the passage into law in December of excise tax reform which significantly raised taxes on cigarettes and alcohol – generally referred to as the Sin Tax Reform – and, in July, the re-registration of voters in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). These reforms have a) strengthened government finances and healthcare; and b) improved the quality of elections and promoted good governance and conflict resolution in the southern Philippines. Key points: These reforms were not achieved exclusively through the executive leadership of Philippine President Benigno Aquino III, this paper argues. A broader form of developmental leadership was critical to their passage into legislation and their subsequent implementation, made up of reform coalitions that incorporated elements of government, the legislature, and civil society. While these coalitions were diverse and flexible in their form and composition, their core strength came from established advocacy groups and experienced activists. These groups and activists used highly labour-intensive, specialized and complex forms of mobilization. The success of these reform coalitions, it is argued, has implications for economic and governance reform in the developing world, particularly in systems characterised by oligarchical democracy, where competition for elected office is closely linked to the entrenched interests of business and industry.}, language = {eng}, urldate = {2019-07-04}, institution = {Developmental Leadership Program}, author = {Sidel, John T.}, month = apr, year = {2014}, } @misc{mcgee_feedback_2014, title = {From ‘{Feedback} {Loops}’ to ‘{Responsive} {Governance}’}, url = {http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/blog/feedback-loops/}, abstract = {Part of a sequenced learning process for MAVC's Research and Evidence Component, the summary of a thematic discussion led by researcher Rosemary McGee.}, urldate = {2016-04-26}, journal = {Making All Voices Count}, author = {McGee, Rosie}, month = jan, year = {2014}, } @techreport{rebolledo_strategic_2014, title = {Strategic framework for mainstreaming citizen engagement in {World} {Bank} {Group} operations : engaging with citizens for improved results}, shorttitle = {Strategic framework for mainstreaming citizen engagement in {World} {Bank} {Group} operations}, url = {http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/20472021/strategic-framework-mainstreaming-citizen-engagement-world-bank-group-operations-engaging-citizens-improved-results}, abstract = {The objective of this strategic framework is to mainstream citizen engagement in World Bank Group (WBG)-supported policies, programs, projects, and advisory services and analytics to improve their development results and within the scope of these operations, contribute to building sustainable national systems for citizen engagement with governments and the private sector. This framework will capture the diverse experiences, assess lessons learned, and outline methods and entry points to provide a more systematic and results-focused approach for the WBG. Progress toward this objective will be assessed using indicators included in program, project, and corporate results frameworks. The WBG strategy incorporates citizen engagement, including beneficiary feedback, specifically in its treatment of inclusion, which entails empowering citizens to participate in the development process and integrating citizen voice in development programs as key accelerators to achieving results. This framework builds on stocktaking and lessons learned from WBG-financed operations across regions and sectors. A key lesson is the importance of country context, government ownership, and clear objectives for citizen engagement. The approach to mainstreaming citizen engagement in WBG-supported operations is guided by five principles: 1) it is results-focused; 2) it involves engaging throughout the operational cycle; 3) it seeks to strengthen country systems; 4) it is context-specific; and 5) it is gradual. Under the right circumstances, citizen engagement can contribute to achieving development outcomes in support of the goals the WBG aims to support through all of the operations it funds: eradicating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner.}, language = {en}, number = {92957}, urldate = {2016-04-04}, institution = {The World Bank}, author = {Rebolledo, Miguel and Seyedian, Aaron and Peixoto, Tiago and Hernandez, Zenaida and Zakhour, Jad and Mahmood, Syed A. and Masud, Harika and Manroth, Astrid and Hamad, Qays}, month = jan, year = {2014}, pages = {1--189}, } @techreport{benequista_kenyas_2014, address = {Nairobi}, title = {Kenya’s tech community will not save journalism}, url = {http://networkednews.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/NNL_briefing_note_1.pdf}, urldate = {2016-09-08}, institution = {Networked News Lab}, author = {Benequista, Nicholas}, month = jan, year = {2014}, } @book{elder_information_2014, title = {Information lives of the poor: fighting poverty with technology}, isbn = {978-1-55250-574-8}, shorttitle = {Information lives of the poor}, url = {http://www.deslibris.ca/ID/447403}, language = {English}, urldate = {2016-04-22}, author = {Elder, Laurent and Samarajiva, Rohan and Gillwald, Alison and Galperin, Hernan}, year = {2014}, } @article{mcgee_power_2014, title = {Power, {Violence}, {Citizenship} and {Agency}}, volume = {45}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1759-5436.12102/full}, doi = {10.1111/1759-5436.12102}, number = {5}, urldate = {2016-09-29}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {McGee, Rosemary}, year = {2014}, pages = {36--47}, } @article{prieto-martin_participation_2014, title = {Participation {Schemas}: a tool to characterize collaborative participation}, journal = {PDD2014, Contemporary difficulties and future prospects for Participatory and Deliberative Democracy, NewCastle}, author = {Prieto-Martín, Pedro}, year = {2014}, pages = {9--11}, } @article{prieto-martin_caracterizando_2014, title = {Caracterizando la participación ciudadana en el marco del {Gobierno} {Abierto}}, volume = {58}, url = {http://old.clad.org/portal/publicaciones-del-clad/revista-clad-reforma-democracia/articulos/058-Febrero-2014/caracterizando-la-participacion-ciudadana-en-el-marco-del-gobierno-abierto}, abstract = {Este artículo profundiza conceptualmente en las dimensiones del Gobierno Abierto, centrándose en el análisis y caracterización de su dimensión participativa. Se propone, en primer lugar, una tipología de actos participativos que muestra el efecto potenciador que las TIC ejercen sobre las distintas formas de participación. En segundo lugar, se presentan los denominados “Esquemas de participación” (EdP), un instrumento conceptual que facilita el análisis y la representación estandarizada de las dimensiones más importantes de la participación. Los EdP proporcionan así, por un lado, un modelo de categorización que extiende nuestra comprensión crítica de la participación y, por otro lado, una herramienta potente y flexible para la comunicación, el diseño y la evaluación de diversos tipos de iniciativas participativas.}, journal = {Revista del CLAD. Reforma y Democracia}, author = {Prieto-Martín, Pedro and Ramírez-Alujas, Álvaro V.}, year = {2014}, } @techreport{mcgee_learning_2013, address = {Brighton}, title = {Learning study on 'the users' in {Technology} for {Transparency} and {Accountability} initiatives: {Assumptions} and realities}, institution = {IDS}, author = {McGee, Rosemary and Carlitz, Ruth}, month = oct, year = {2013}, } @book{landell-mills_citizens_2013, address = {Kibworth Beauchamp}, title = {Citizens {Against} {Corruption}: {Report} from the {Front} {Line}}, isbn = {978-1-78306-086-3}, shorttitle = {Citizens {Against} {Corruption}}, url = {https://oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/citizens-against-corruption-what-works-findings-from-200-projects-in-53-countries/}, abstract = {Citizens Against Corruption: Report From The Front Line tells the story of how groups of courageous and dedicated citizens across the globe are taking direct action to root out corruption. It shows how people are no longer prepared to accept the predatory activities of dishonest officials and are challenging their scams. It draws on over 200 unique case studies that describe initiatives undertaken by 130 civil society organisations (CSOs) which engage directly with public agencies to stop the bribery and extortion that damages peoples' lives and obstructs social and economic progress. This book challenges the notion that, at best, civil society can only have a marginal impact on reducing corruption and argues that aid donors need to radically rethink their assistance for governance reform. Part 1 analyses the role citizens can play in fighting corruption and promoting good governance and briefly tells the story of the Partnership for Transparency Fund (PTF). Part 2 presents studies of India, Mongolia, Philippines, and Uganda - each with its unique history and distinctive circumstances - to illustrate activities undertaken by CSOs to root out corruption, including the tools and approaches that are being used to build pressure on corrupt public agencies to become transparent and accountable. Part 3 addresses key themes - strengthening the rule of law, putting in place effective national anti-corruption strategies and institutions, making public buying and selling honest, promoting grassroots monitoring of public expenditures and the provision of public services, mounting media campaigns to expose and defeat corruption, and empowering ordinary citizens to keep watch on what actually happens at the point of delivery of public services. Part 4 is a summary of lessons learnt and explores the potential, as well as the risks and limitations, of civic activism in a world where greed and dishonesty is the norm. Finally, the book explores the opportunities and dangers faced by aid donors in supporting local CSOs and charts a way forward. Citizens Against Corruption: Report From The Front Line will be of interest to staff working in CSOs and aid agencies, policy analysts and researchers concerned about corruption and poor governance.}, language = {English}, publisher = {Matador}, author = {Landell-Mills, Pierre}, month = may, year = {2013}, } @misc{omeally_is_2013, type = {Text}, title = {Is {It} {Time} for a {New} {Paradigm} for "{Citizen} {Engagement}"? {The} {Role} of {Context} and {What} the {Evidence} {Tells} {Us}}, shorttitle = {Is {It} {Time} for a {New} {Paradigm} for "{Citizen} {Engagement}"?}, url = {http://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/it-time-new-paradigm-citizen-engagement-role-context-and-what-evidence-tells-us}, abstract = {The meteoric rise of "citizen engagement" Almost all development agencies promote some form of citizen engagement and accountability, often framed as 'voice', 'demand-side governance', 'demand for good governance' or 'social accountability'. The current World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, recently put it that, "citizen voice can be pivotal in providing the demand-side pressure on government, service providers, and organizations such as the World Bank that is needed to encourage full and swift response to citizen needs". There has, in turn, been a mushrooming of useful operational guidance on different "tools" for social accountability - i.e. steps, inputs and methodologies - that guide discrete interventions, ranging from citizen score cards to participatory expenditure tracking. One might, however, be forgiven for thinking that some of the debates on citizen engagement need an injection of realism; especially as contextual factors can make or break a "tool's" implementation. A review of experience to date would be one good place to start.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-04-21}, journal = {People, Spaces, Deliberation}, author = {O'Meally, Simon}, month = apr, year = {2013}, } @techreport{denney_problem-focused_2013, title = {A problem-focused approach to violence against women: {The} political-economy of justice and security programming}, url = {https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8325.pdf}, abstract = {The United Nations Commission on the Status of Women ended its 57th session on 15 March 2013 with an outcome document affirming the importance of eliminating violence against women (VAW). The Commission was unable, however, to achieve consensus on a global action plan. The negative reaction of some UN member states to an action plan is a worrying reminder of ongoing resistance to reform. These persistent challenges highlight the continuing struggle to gain a serious global commitment to address VAW and recognise it as a breach of women’s fundamental human rights. Engaging in this struggle, many donors have put addressing VAW generally, and in fragile and conflictaffected situations (FCAS) specifically, at the top of the development agenda and made it a major priority of international policy. But in practice progress remains difficult, not least due to entrenched resistance and discriminatory socio-political norms and gender relations that persist in many societies. The problem of violence against women therefore needs to be addressed from the perspective of the concrete socio-political and cultural conditions that shape its particular features and the relevant context specific dynamics of conflict, post-conflict patterns of violence and fragility. International efforts to support reform in the area of VAW in FCAS need to go beyond prescriptive approaches that focus on what access to protection, justice and redress should look like. We propose here an approach that engages with the specificities of the problem – paying attention to context, and the concrete political-economy dynamics of the drivers of VAW – and takes account of the real options that}, urldate = {2018-12-10}, institution = {ODI}, author = {Denney, Lisa and Domingo, Pilar}, month = mar, year = {2013}, pages = {12}, } @techreport{shutt_improving_2013, address = {Brighton}, title = {Improving the {Evaluability} of {INGO} {Empowerment} and {Accountability} {Programmes}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/3141}, urldate = {2021-01-22}, institution = {Centre for Development Impact}, author = {Shutt, Cathy and McGee, Rosemary}, month = mar, year = {2013}, } @article{gaventa_impact_2013, title = {The {Impact} of {Transparency} and {Accountability} {Initiatives}}, volume = {31}, issn = {09506764}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/dpr.12017}, doi = {10.1111/dpr.12017}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-03-23}, journal = {Development Policy Review}, author = {Gaventa, John and McGee, Rosemary}, month = jul, year = {2013}, pages = {s3--s28}, } @techreport{latta_goldfish_2013, title = {In the goldfish bowl: science and technology policy dialogues in a digital world}, url = {http://www.sciencewise-erc.org.uk/cms/in-the-goldfish-bowl-science-and-technology-policy-dialogues-in-a-digital-world/}, urldate = {2013-06-26}, institution = {Sciencewise}, author = {Latta, Susie and Mulcare, Charlotte and Zacharzewski, Anthony}, year = {2013}, } @article{lucas_real_2013, title = {Real {Time} {Monitoring} and the {New} {Information} {Technologies}}, volume = {44}, doi = {10.1111/1759-5436.12014}, abstract = {Debates as to the potential role of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in monitoring the wellbeing of vulnerable groups is often bedevilled by the failure of two principal actors – social researchers and technical experts – to address the other’s concerns or even to use language that is comprehensible to the other side. The aim here is to unpick some of the technical language relevant in this context and provide a brief introductory guide to some aspects of the current, rapidly changing and highly diverse ICT environment.}, number = {2}, journal = {IDS Bulletin}, author = {Lucas, Henry and Batchelor, Simon and Berdou, Evangelia}, year = {2013}, pages = {31--39}, } @techreport{omeally_mapping_2013, address = {Washington, DC}, title = {Mapping {Context} for {Social} {Accountability}: {A} resource paper}, url = {blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/it-time-new-paradigm-citizen-engagement-role-context-and-what-evidence-tells-us}, urldate = {2013-08-09}, institution = {The World Bank}, author = {O'Meally, Sion C.}, year = {2013}, } @article{ruppert_doing_2013, title = {Doing the {Transparent} {State}: open government data as performance indicators}, shorttitle = {Doing the {Transparent} {State}}, url = {https://research.gold.ac.uk/13490/1/Ruppert2015.pdf}, urldate = {2016-07-21}, journal = {A World of Indicators: The production of knowledge and justice in an interconnected world}, author = {Ruppert, Evelyn and {others}}, year = {2013}, pages = {51--78}, } @article{wanjiku_kelbert_understanding_2013, title = {Understanding ‘the users’ in {Technology} for {Transparency} and {Accountability} {Initiatives}}, url = {http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3133}, author = {Wanjiku Kelbert, Alexandra and McGee, Rosemary and Carlitz, Ruth}, year = {2013}, } @misc{global_integrity_making_2012, title = {Making {All} {Voices} {Count}: {A} {Slam} {Dunk}?}, shorttitle = {Making {All} {Voices} {Count}}, url = {https://www.globalintegrity.org/2012/12/06/mavc-slam-dunk/}, abstract = {Yesterday, I had the chance to attend the public launch of a new government transparency and accountability funding mechanism – Making All Voices Count. Held at USAID headquarters, the discussion featured a veritable who’s who of open government and transparency practitioners in the Washington area; probably 250 people were packed into the room. (Announcing a …}, language = {en-US}, urldate = {2020-10-15}, journal = {Global Integrity}, author = {Global Integrity}, month = dec, year = {2012}, } @techreport{gagliardone_new_2012, title = {New communication technologies and citizen-led governance in {Africa}}, url = {https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245112}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-09-12}, author = {Gagliardone, Iginio and Srinivasan, Sharath and Brisset-Foucault, Florence}, year = {2012}, } @techreport{mcgee_shifting_2011, address = {Brighton}, title = {Shifting {Power}? {Assessing} the {Impact} of {Transparency} and {Accountability} {Initiatives}}, shorttitle = {Shifting {Power}?}, url = {http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/shifting-power-assessing-the-impact-of-transparency-and-accountability-initiatives}, abstract = {This paper arises from a review of the impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives which gathered and analysed existing evidence, discussed how it could be improved, and ev...}, urldate = {2016-08-02}, institution = {IDS}, author = {McGee, Rosie and Gaventa, John}, month = nov, year = {2011}, } @techreport{berdou_learning_2011, title = {Learning about {New} {Technologies} and the {Changing} {Evidence} {Base} for {Social} {Science} {Research} and {Decision} {Making} in {International} {Development}}, url = {http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/learning-about-new-technologies-and-the-changing-evidence-base-for-social-science-research-and-decision-making-in-international-development}, number = {4}, urldate = {2016-04-03}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Berdou, Evangelia}, month = jul, year = {2011}, } @techreport{berdou_mediating_2011, title = {Mediating {Voices}, {Communicating} {Realities}: {Using} {Information} {Crowdsourcing} {Tools}, {Open} {Data} {Initiatives} and {Digital} {Media} to {Support} and {Protect} the {Vulnerable}}, shorttitle = {Mediating {Voices}, {Communicating} {Realities}}, url = {http://www.ids.ac.uk/publication/mediating-voices-communicating-realities-using-information-crowdsourcing-tools-open-data-initiatives-and-digital-media-to-support-and-protect-the-vulnerable}, abstract = {This is the final report from a research project, supported by the UK Department for International Development, examining whether and how open ICT projects designed to support the poor can make a diff...}, urldate = {2016-04-03}, institution = {IDS}, author = {Berdou, Evangelia}, month = mar, year = {2011}, } @article{gurstein_open_2011, title = {Open data: {Empowering} the empowered or effective data use for everyone?}, volume = {16}, copyright = {Copyright (c)}, issn = {13960466}, shorttitle = {Open data}, url = {http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3316}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-06-06}, journal = {First Monday}, author = {Gurstein, Michael B.}, month = jan, year = {2011}, keywords = {e-Government, open access, open data}, } @article{benequista_blurring_2011, title = {Blurring the {Boundaries}: {Citizen} {Action} {Across} {States} and {Societies}}, shorttitle = {Blurring the {Boundaries}}, url = {https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/12499/cdrc_2011_blurring.pdf}, urldate = {2017-10-05}, journal = {Brighton: Citizenship DRC, 11.}, author = {Benequista, Nicholas and Gaventa, John}, year = {2011}, } @book{mcneil_demanding_2010, address = {Washington, D.C}, title = {Demanding {Good} {Governance}: {Lessons} from {Social} {Accountability} {Initiatives} in {Africa}}, isbn = {978-0-8213-8380-3}, shorttitle = {Demanding {Good} {Governance}}, abstract = {Accountability is the cornerstone of good governance. Unless public officials can be held to account, then critical benefits associated with good governance, such as social justice, poverty reduction and development remain elusive. The impacts of non-responsive and unaccountable governance are perhaps most harshly felt by the citizens of Africa, where corruption and governance failures are broadly acknowledged as a principal obstacle to the achievement Over the past decade, a range of social accountability practices―such as participatory budgeting, independent budget analysis, participatory monitoring of public expenditure and citizen evaluation of public services have been experimented with in many Africa countries. Their outcomes and lessons have, thus far, received little attend and documentation. This volume aims to make a contribution towards filling this gap by describing and analyzing a selection of social accountability initiatives from seven Sub-Saharan countries.}, language = {English}, publisher = {World Bank Publications}, editor = {McNeil, Mary and Malena, Carmen}, month = jun, year = {2010}, } @techreport{avila_global_2010, address = {London}, title = {Global mapping of technology for transparency and accountability}, url = {http://www.transparency-initiative.org/reports/global-mapping-of-technology-for-transparency-and-accountability}, institution = {Transparency \& Accountability Initiative}, author = {Avila, Renata and Feigenblatt, Hazel and Heacock, Rebekah and Heller, Nathaniel}, year = {2010}, } @incollection{odugbemi_minipublics:_2010, address = {Washington D.C.}, title = {Minipublics: {Designing} {Institutions} for {Effective} {Deliberation} and {Accountability}}, isbn = {978-0-8213-8505-0}, url = {http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGOVACC/Resources/Accountabilitybookweb.pdf}, abstract = {“Accountability” has become a buzzword in international development. Development actors appear to delight in announcing their intention to “promote accountability”—but it is often unclear what accountability is and how it can be promoted. This book addresses some questions that are crucial to understanding accountability and for understanding why accountability is important to improve the effectiveness of development aid. We ask: What does it mean to make governments accountable to their citizens? How do you do that? How do you create genuine demand for accountability among citizens, how do you move citizens from inertia to public action? The main argument of this book is that accountability is a matter of public opinion. Governments will only be accountable if there are incentives for them to do so—and only an active and critical public will change the incentives of government officials to make them responsive to citizens’ demands. Accountability without public opinion is a technocratic, but not an effective solution. In this book, more than 30 accountability practitioners and thinkers discuss the concept and its structural conditions; the relationship between accountability, information, and the media; the role of deliberation to promote accountability; and mechanisms and tools to mobilize public opinion. A number of case studies from around the world illustrate the main argument of the book: Public opinion matters and an active and critical public is the surest means to achieve accountability that will benefit the citizens in developing countries. This book is designed for policy-makers and governance specialists working within the international development community, national governments, grassroots organizations, activists, and scholars engaged in understanding the interaction between accountability and public opinion and their role for increasing the impact of international development interventions.}, booktitle = {Accountability through public opinion : from inertia to public action}, publisher = {The World Bank}, author = {Fung, Archon}, editor = {Odugbemi, Sina and Lee, Taeku}, year = {2010}, } @misc{actionaid_reflect_2009, type = {Reflect}, title = {Reflect {Action} {Methods}}, url = {http://www.reflect-action.org/}, abstract = {Reflect is an innovative approach to adult learning and social change, which fuses the theories of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire with participatory methodologies. It was developed in the 1990s through pilot projects in Bangladesh, Uganda and El Salvador and is now used by over 500 organisations in over 70 countries worldwide. Organisations working with Reflect won UNESCO literacy prizes in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2010. This site is aimed at Reflect practitioners and others who want to know more about the approach. We want it to be truly interactive and the more stories, graphics and photos are submitted, the better the site will be. Please add your comments to tell us about the work you are doing with Reflect and join the discussion forum to share your ideas and experiences of working with the approach.}, urldate = {2017-07-07}, author = {ActionAid}, year = {2009}, } @book{malena_political_2009, title = {From {Political} {Won}'t to {Political} {Will}: {Building} {Support} for {Participatory} {Governance}}, isbn = {978-1-56549-311-7}, shorttitle = {From {Political} {Won}'t to {Political} {Will}}, abstract = {* Geographically diverse examples of participatory governance in action* Practical case studies show how citizens can participate more fully in the political process Despite a recent wave of democratization around the world, traditional systems of representative democracy seem to be in crisis. Citizens in both the North and the South lack opportunities, rights and access to information and have expressed growing disillusionment with their governments. Ordinary citizens (especially women, poor people and other marginalized groups) are largely excluded from the political processes that directly affect their lives. There is now growing consensus that good governance is participatory governance (PG), but public officials are often reluctant to adopt such an approach. From Political Won’t to Political Will addresses the particular challenge of encouraging these officials to involve citizens in the political process. The book presents contributions by participants from CIVICUS’ 2008 conference on building political will for PG. Representing the perspectives of both civil society and government actors, they propose a number of strategies and lessons such as demonstrating the benefits of PG to governments, complementing formal democratic institutions, building trust, supporting PG champions and using strategic political timing. Their practical and highly original findings will interest anyone eager to see the empowerment of people around the world.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Kumarian Press}, author = {Malena, Carmen}, year = {2009}, note = {Google-Books-ID: xILlSXw3D5oC}, } @incollection{fung_citizen_2006, address = {London}, title = {Citizen {Participation} in {Representative} {Democracy}}, url = {http://www.involve.org.uk/assets/Uploads/Post-Party-Politics.pdf}, abstract = {ENTRADA CREADA PARA PODER CITAR EL CAPÍTULO}, booktitle = {Post {Party} {Politics}. {Can} participation reconnect people and government?}, publisher = {The Involve Foundation}, author = {Fung, Archon}, editor = {Scott, Faye}, year = {2006}, } @article{fung_varieties_2006, title = {Varieties of {Participation} in {Complex} {Governance}}, volume = {66}, url = {file://D:\pedro\Mis Documentos\Dropbox\Dropy-Documentos\EndNote\bibliografia-ePart.EndNoteX.Data\PDF\FungVarietiesPAR2006Final-0446200588/FungVarietiesPAR2006Final.pdf}, doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00667.x}, abstract = {The multifaceted challenges of contemporary governance demand a complex account of the ways in which those who are subject to laws and policies should participate in making them. This article develops a framework for understanding the range of institutional possibilities for public participation. Mechanisms of participation vary along three important dimensions: who participates, how participants communicate with one another and make decisions together, and how discussions are linked with policy or public action. These three dimensions constitute a space in which any particular mechanism of participation can be located. Different regions of this institutional design space are more and less suited to addressing important problems of democratic governance such as legitimacy, justice, and effective administration.}, journal = {Public Administration Review}, author = {Fung, Archon}, year = {2006}, pages = {66--75}, } @book{chambers_ideas_2005, address = {London}, title = {Ideas for {Development}}, isbn = {978-1-84407-088-6}, abstract = {Our world seems entangled in systems increasingly dominated by power, greed, ignorance, self-deception and denial, with spiralling inequity and injustice. Against a backdrop of climate change, failing ecosystems, poverty, crushing debt and corporate exploitation, the future of our world looks dire and the solutions almost too monumental to consider. Yet all is not lost. Robert Chambers, one of the ?glass is half full? optimists of international development, suggests that the problems can be solved and everyone has the power at a personal level to take action, develop solutions and remake our world as it can and should be. Chambers peels apart and analyses aspects of development that have been neglected or misunderstood. In each chapter, he presents an earlier writing which he then reviews and reflects upon in a contemporary light before harvesting a wealth of powerful conclusions and practical implications for the future. The book draws on experiences from Africa, Asia and elsewhere, covering topics and concepts as wide and varied as irreversibility, continuity and commitment; administrative capacity as a scarce resource; procedures and principles; participation in the past, present and future; scaling up; behaviour and attitudes; responsible wellbeing; and concepts for development in the 21st century.}, language = {English}, publisher = {Routledge}, author = {Chambers, Robert}, month = may, year = {2005}, } @article{fung_recipes_2003, title = {Recipes for {Public} {Spheres}: {Eight} {Institutional} {Design} {Choices} and {Their} {Consequences}}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, journal = {Journal of Political Philosophy}, author = {Fung, Archon}, month = sep, year = {2003}, pages = {338--67}, } @book{fung_deepening_2003, address = {London}, title = {Deepening {Democracy}: {Institutional} {Innovations} in {Empowered} {Participatory} {Governance}}, url = {file://D:\pedro\Mis Documentos\Dropbox\Dropy-Documentos\EndNote\bibliografia-ePart.EndNoteX.Data\PDF\DD-TOC-1554637840/DD-TOC.pdf}, abstract = {ENTRADA CREADA PARA PODER CITAR EL CAPÍTULO}, publisher = {Verso}, author = {Fung, Archon and Wright, Erik Olin}, year = {2003}, } @article{leftwich_bringing_1995, title = {Bringing politics back in: {Towards} a model of the developmental state}, volume = {31}, issn = {0022-0388}, shorttitle = {Bringing politics back in}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389508422370}, doi = {10.1080/00220389508422370}, abstract = {The few cases of rapid economic growth in the Third World in the last 30 years have occurred in democratic, quasi‐democratic and non‐democratic polities. They are thus clearly not a function of common regime type. I suggest that they are best explained by the special character of their states, understood ‘as developmental states’. This article outlines some common characteristics of these states. However the forms and features of these states are not simply a function of their administrative structures or principles of governance, but of their politics. The article thus also underlines the importance of political analysis in both development theory and policy, from where it has been extruded for too long.}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-08-19}, journal = {The Journal of Development Studies}, author = {Leftwich, Adrian}, month = feb, year = {1995}, pages = {400--427}, }